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METHODS TO DEVELOP INHALATION CANCER RISK ESTIMATES FOR CHROMIUM AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS
U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
EPA 452-R-11-012, 19 pp, Oct 2011
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methods used to develop inhalation cancer risk estimates associated with emissions of chromium and nickel compounds from coal- and oil-fired electric utility steam-generating units (EGUs) in support of EPA's Mercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS). The derivation of cancer risk estimates is based on the speciation data available from selected source types and on the available unit risk estimates reflecting the dose that corresponds to a specific level of cancer risk. This document includes discussions for both emissions of chromium (Section 2) and nickel (Section 3) compounds with regard to (1) the methods and rationale used in previous analyses (where applicable), (2) the methods used in the recent analysis for MATS (considering previous methods and currently available data), and (3) a discussion of the uncertainties and/or limitations of the methods used. In this document, the authors consider the emissions of chromium compounds from both coal- and oil-fired EGUs and the emissions of nickel compounds from oil-fired EGUs as these emissions are major contributors to inhalation cancer risk estimates from each these source types. www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/utility/ni_cr_methods_final_report_cover.pdf
EPA 452-R-11-012, 19 pp, Oct 2011
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methods used to develop inhalation cancer risk estimates associated with emissions of chromium and nickel compounds from coal- and oil-fired electric utility steam-generating units (EGUs) in support of EPA's Mercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS). The derivation of cancer risk estimates is based on the speciation data available from selected source types and on the available unit risk estimates reflecting the dose that corresponds to a specific level of cancer risk. This document includes discussions for both emissions of chromium (Section 2) and nickel (Section 3) compounds with regard to (1) the methods and rationale used in previous analyses (where applicable), (2) the methods used in the recent analysis for MATS (considering previous methods and currently available data), and (3) a discussion of the uncertainties and/or limitations of the methods used. In this document, the authors consider the emissions of chromium compounds from both coal- and oil-fired EGUs and the emissions of nickel compounds from oil-fired EGUs as these emissions are major contributors to inhalation cancer risk estimates from each these source types. www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/utility/ni_cr_methods_final_report_cover.pdf
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