|
Material |
Relative Permittivity, K |
Pulse Velocities, m/Ns |
Conductivity, mS/m |
|
Air |
1 |
0.3 |
0 |
|
Fresh water |
81 |
0.033 |
0.10-30 |
|
Sea water |
70 |
0.033 |
400 |
|
Sand (dry) |
4-6 |
0.15-0.12 |
0.0001-1 |
|
Sand (saturated) |
25 |
0.0055 |
0.1-1 |
|
Silt (saturated) |
10 |
0.095 |
1-10 |
|
Clay (saturated) |
8-12 |
0.106-0.087 |
100-1000 |
|
Dry sandy coastal land |
10 |
0.095 |
2 |
|
Fresh water ice |
4 |
0.15 |
0.1-10 |
|
Permafrost |
4-8 |
0.15-0.106 |
0.01-10 |
|
Granite (dry) |
5 |
0 .134 |
0.00001 |
|
Limestone (dry) |
7-9 |
0.113-0.1 |
0 .000001 |
|
Dolomite |
6-8 |
0.122-0.106 |
|
|
Quartz |
4 |
0.15 |
|
|
Coal |
4-5 |
0.15-0.134 |
|
|
Concrete |
5-10 |
0.134-0.095 |
|
|
Asphalt |
3-5 |
0.173-0.134 |
|
|
Sea ice |
4-12 |
0.15-0.087 |
|