WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.000 Everybody welcome to today's training as we begin this session. 2 00:00:04.000 --> 00:00:07.000 I would like to just let everybody know that the training will be recorded. 3 00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:10.000 we're gonna go over some housekeeping rules here first. 4 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:16.000 So this training is offered on-demand through clue in for those not able to join us. 5 00:00:16.000 --> 00:00:23.000 Live hence. It's being recorded. The clue and training page offers the slides for you to download under download training materials you can use, the Q. 6 00:00:23.000 --> 00:00:29.000 And a pod to ask questions, make comments, or report any technical problems you may have during this training. 7 00:00:29.000 --> 00:00:31.000 We will have a question, answer break. About halfway through the training. 8 00:00:31.000 --> 00:00:43.000 Excuse me, that's incorrect. We will have a question answer break at the end of the training where you'll be able to get the trainers to respond live to your questions, that you enter into the Q. And A. 9 00:00:43.000 --> 00:00:46.000 Pod for those interest in receiving certificates of completion. 10 00:00:46.000 --> 00:01:00.000 They will be available at the end of the course. Upon the completion of the feedback form, once you complete the form and click the box to certify that you participated. A certificate will be provided to you 11 00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:02.000 On behalf of the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. 12 00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:15.000 Welcome to today's training. I Prc strategies for preventing and managing Benthic harmful to cyanobacteria blooms My name is Devin Setskar I'm your moderator today from Washington DC. This training is an introduction. 13 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:19.000 To the Icrc online guidance document of the same name produced by Itrc. 14 00:01:19.000 --> 00:01:26.000 And 2,022 Today's training is sponsored by interstate technology and Regulatory Council or the Itrc. 15 00:01:26.000 --> 00:01:38.000 And is hosted by the Us. EPA Cleanup Information Network, also known as Cluwen The Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council is a program of the Environmental Council of States high Prc. 16 00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:43.000 Is a state-led organization, composed of over 1,000 members from State agencies, Federal government. 17 00:01:43.000 --> 00:01:59.000 The private sector, academia and community stakeholders, Atrc members participate in technical teams which produce tools, resources and training courses such as the one you're participating on today. The full icrc disclaimer is available on our website. 18 00:01:59.000 --> 00:02:05.000 If you plan to use any Itrc materials, we ask that you review that policy in detail, and be sure to credit Itrc. 19 00:02:05.000 --> 00:02:08.000 Accordingly, Icrc is partially funded by the Us. 20 00:02:08.000 --> 00:02:25.000 Government Ipc. Nor the Us. Government warranty the material, nor endorse any specific products I have the pleasure on slide 5 to introduce our trainer today They will cover 5 topics in Cyanobacteria management and response so with that i'm going to hand it off to our first 21 00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:32.000 trainer Gina Lolber Kay, with with the Wisconsin Department of Natural resources for the introduction to Bent it. 22 00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:41.000 Signo Bacteria 23 00:02:41.000 --> 00:02:47.000 alright. Well, thank you for joining. Yep. Thank you for joining us today. 24 00:02:47.000 --> 00:02:55.000 Alright. Thanks everyone for joining us today, so you might wonder why we developed a separate guidance document for benthic hcbs. 25 00:02:55.000 --> 00:02:59.000 This figure shows the overlap between the 2,020. 26 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:04.000 One planktonic sign of bacteria guidance document which we refer to as Hcb. 27 00:03:04.000 --> 00:03:09.000 One and the 2022 benthic sign of bacteria guidance which we refer to as Hcb. 28 00:03:09.000 --> 00:03:15.000 2, So, while much of the same guidance for planktonic hcbs applies to benthic hcbs. 29 00:03:15.000 --> 00:03:22.000 There are some unique differences between Benthic and planktonic sin of bacteria that warranted development of the Benthic Hcb. 30 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:38.000 Guidance, document. Additionally, we have updated many of the resources from our planktonic Http guidance document to cover both planktonic and bentic hcbs, which you see in this figure is the shared and updated resources or the 2 sets of guidance 31 00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:44.000 overlap if you are not already familiar with, sign a bacteria, we recommend that you check out the Hcb. 32 00:03:44.000 --> 00:03:49.000 One document which covers planktonic, sign of bacteria and review the Hcb. 33 00:03:49.000 --> 00:03:54.000 One online training 34 00:03:54.000 --> 00:04:01.000 You can find the introduction to benthic hcbs in section one of the Benthic Http guidance document. 35 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:08.000 So today, I'll be introducing the visual differentiation of benthic versus planktonic https. 36 00:04:08.000 --> 00:04:16.000 I will discuss ecological differences of Benthic versus plantonic hcbs, but the focus on water, clarity and nutrient levels. 37 00:04:16.000 --> 00:04:20.000 I will review the habitats in which I find bthic htps. 38 00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:28.000 I will also briefly go over how these differences can present a challenge in risk, assessment, and communication, which will be covered in more detail later. 39 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:33.000 In this training 40 00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:38.000 So to briefly review some basic information about all sinab bacteria. 41 00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:44.000 They are naturally occurring, and are widely distributed across both aquatic and terrestrial environments. 42 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:49.000 In both guidance documents. We focused on those in freshwater and estuary habitats. 43 00:04:49.000 --> 00:05:03.000 Sign a bacteria do have beneficial ecological roles, such as serving as a food source for other organisms, providing oxygen, via photosynthesis, and some are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that's 44 00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:11.000 usable by Lg. And plants using specialized cells that you see indicated by the arrow sign a bacteria. 45 00:05:11.000 --> 00:05:17.000 Have some unique characteristics that help them to form persistent blooms, including forming, resting, or dormant stages. Such. 46 00:05:17.000 --> 00:05:22.000 As this enlarged cell that you see indicated by the second arrow. 47 00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:35.000 Thank tonic sign of bacteria, which for float in the water column, can regulate their buoyancy, using the gas vesicles that you see as the dark bodies in the cell indicated by the bottommost arrows These are lacking in benthic sign of 48 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:47.000 bacteria, however, benthic sign, a bacterial can sometimes float due to the buildup of oxygen bubbles within their mats from photosynthesis 49 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:55.000 So what you bent the can set planktonic sign a bacteria look like, and how can you tell them, apart from other things? In aquatic ecosystems? 50 00:05:55.000 --> 00:06:00.000 We have a great visual guide to common, harmful Sinobacteria and Appendix, A. 51 00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:06.000 Of the guidance document and the learn to identify son of bacteria blooms video on the Hcb. 52 00:06:06.000 --> 00:06:15.000 2 homepage. These identification resources, headfield, have field photographs of blooms and microscopic images, and they cover, sign, of bacteria. 53 00:06:15.000 --> 00:06:30.000 By what form they grow in, such as in colonies or filaments, and by what habitat they grow in such as planktonic in the water column, such as in the photo that that you see on the right versus benthic growing on surfaces or sediments on the bottom of aquatic 54 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:48.000 habitats, such as in the photo that you see on the left. The identification resources also include examples of aquatic plants, filamentous algae, Other kinds of algae and pollen that can be mistaken for accumulations of sin a bacteria 55 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:54.000 The appearance of Sphinx Sina bacteria is very different from that of planktonic ages. 56 00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:59.000 Benthic hcbs grow as attached or loosely associated mats or colonies. 57 00:06:59.000 --> 00:07:02.000 The ground bottom sediments or other substrates. 58 00:07:02.000 --> 00:07:09.000 Matt. Farmers are typically filamentous species, while colonial species are often cockoid, cyanobacteria. 59 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:17.000 Many benthic mat forming species are motile, so you can see individual individual filaments moving within the mat when observed with the microscope. 60 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:31.000 These species can reconsolidate into a mat, if disturbed, as you see in these photos, the colors of Benthic sign of bacteria tend to be darker, ranging from olive green to brown or black in contrast to the vivid blue greens and other 61 00:07:31.000 --> 00:07:34.000 colors of decomposing planktonic blooms. 62 00:07:34.000 --> 00:07:41.000 These photos also illustrate a spectrum of growth forms with Ben cruts, crust, or mats in photo. 63 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:46.000 A globular colonies and photo B. Thick mats and photos. 64 00:07:46.000 --> 00:07:53.000 C. And mats floating to the surface, and photo D 65 00:07:53.000 --> 00:07:59.000 Benthic mat communities may be somewhat uniform, but it's also common to have very diverse microbial. 66 00:07:59.000 --> 00:08:16.000 My communities within mats. Matt, Commander's May include a matrix of multiple filamentous sign of bacteria, colonial cockoid sign of bacteria, diverse bacteria, algae and prists all of which are often in constant moving with constant movement within the mats. 67 00:08:16.000 --> 00:08:24.000 planktonic blooms can also consist of multiple species and strains, but in comparison bent, the communities can be very diverse. 68 00:08:24.000 --> 00:08:40.000 For example, in this micrograph of a benthic mat from a lake in Wisconsin, in addition to multiple filamentous sinobacterial taxa, the Mac community also contains small spirquette bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, a diatom and a yukon EU 69 00:08:40.000 --> 00:08:46.000 glenoid cell 70 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:49.000 Sign up bacteria are photosynthetic, photosynthetic. 71 00:08:49.000 --> 00:08:54.000 So benthic sign of bacteria tend to grow in clear water where light can reach them on the bottom. 72 00:08:54.000 --> 00:09:00.000 Additionally, some species have adaptations for growing in lower light at greater depths. 73 00:09:00.000 --> 00:09:13.000 The growth of benthic hcbs and clear water may seem counterintuitive when compared with planktonic hcbs, which tend to be more prevalent in high nutrient waters that are turbid from abundant phytoplankton growth in this photo from 74 00:09:13.000 --> 00:09:28.000 a lake in Wisconsin with very clear water, you see dark sign of bacterial mats that have lifted off the bottom, and are floating with the surrounding bright green mass of Spirajara 75 00:09:28.000 --> 00:09:32.000 Bentic https can grow where surrounding waters contain low, nutrient net. 76 00:09:32.000 --> 00:09:35.000 Levels by taking up nutrients from sediment. 77 00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:43.000 Poor water, or nutrients released from the aquatic macrophytes on which they grow, sign a bacteria are diverse in their nutrient preferences. 78 00:09:43.000 --> 00:09:50.000 And there are many species, including benthic species that grow better in low, nutrient conditions. 79 00:09:50.000 --> 00:09:53.000 For example, Benthic sign a bacteria are dominant in some nutrient. 80 00:09:53.000 --> 00:09:56.000 Poor Christine, Alpine, and Arctic water bodies. 81 00:09:56.000 --> 00:10:08.000 This is in contrast to planktonic hcbs, which tend to proliferate in atrophic water bodies where high nutrient levels support their growth 82 00:10:08.000 --> 00:10:13.000 And think Hcbs can grow on indisturbed, stout sediments in slow-moving pools of rivers. 83 00:10:13.000 --> 00:10:28.000 They can also grow on larger rocks and fast-moving river water, as in the upper photo, where they live in the narrow boundary layer, below turbulent flow that would dislodge them these flowing water habitats are very different in contrast to the stagnant 84 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:33.000 waters that typically support planktonic bloom development and accumulation. 85 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:49.000 Benthic hcbs also grow in protected or deep areas in lakes and reservoirs, such as in the Bottom Photo, which shows a mat that is floated to the surface of a shallow protected Bay in wisconsin lake 86 00:10:49.000 --> 00:10:52.000 Then the https don't always stay in place. 87 00:10:52.000 --> 00:10:57.000 Oxygen, production during photosynthesis affects their dispersion, and water bodies. 88 00:10:57.000 --> 00:11:01.000 Oxygen, oxygen production. Rates may be high enough in clear water. 89 00:11:01.000 --> 00:11:17.000 That oxygen bubbles are formed and accumulate within mats, as you see in this photo, at the top of Anabina, in clear river water in California, if enough bubbles accumulate the mats can lift off the substrate and are carried away by river flow in lakes the 90 00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:22.000 bubbles can lift mats off the sediments as illustrated in the lower photo. 91 00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:26.000 Physical disturbance can remove maps from substrates as well. 92 00:11:26.000 --> 00:11:41.000 Rivers, thick mats are vulnerable to removal, due to increased drag and turbulence as mats grow up and out, of the boundary layer and up into the flow mechanical disturbances such as wind waves, boat wakes and waiting can also dislodge 93 00:11:41.000 --> 00:11:49.000 mats, and allow them to be carried elsewhere passively by wind and currents. 94 00:11:49.000 --> 00:12:07.000 Some of the aspects of Benthic agbs I just reviewed can present challenges for communicating risk to the public and affect the public's ability to recognize benthic Hcbs We review this in more detail in the communication strategies in section 5 of the Hcb 2 document these 95 00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:16.000 challenges include the fact. That the public may only be familiar with the appearance of planktonic agbs, They may be unaware that Ben think https. 96 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:29.000 Grow as mats or colonies have muted dark colors, and appear to have lower apparent densities as floating mats, or attached benthic bats in comparison to planktonic hcbs the public may also have hcbs. 97 00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:38.000 To grow only in nutrient and impaired lakes of reservoirs with turbid, stagnant water, rather than flowing waters of streams or rivers. 98 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:45.000 Or in water bodies with clear water and low nutrients 99 00:12:45.000 --> 00:12:59.000 The challenges of identifying benthic htbs also play a role in the challenges of communicating about toxins and risk assessment like Planktonic Hdbs some benthic Htb: species can produce toxins mats. 100 00:12:59.000 --> 00:13:04.000 Can pose a higher risk when ingested simply by their concentrated nature. 101 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:11.000 Mats contain very high cell densities, and therefore could possibly contain correspondingly high toxin. 102 00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:28.000 Conscious concentrations, the risks can be higher for animals, as they are more likely to ingest mats, either intentionally or accidentally, by drinking water containing mad material such as the floating mats in the stream and the photo on the right in the close-up photo of the 3 103 00:13:28.000 --> 00:13:33.000 centimeter, wide mat on the left. You can see how dense the dark filaments are at the mat edges. 104 00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:54.000 This mat. Probably contains hundreds of thousands of filaments, with cell counts in the millions, and potentially high toxin concentrations. 105 00:13:54.000 --> 00:13:59.000 thank you, Jenna. What a great introduction to Bentic sign of bacteria Looks like! 106 00:13:59.000 --> 00:14:03.000 I do have control, and hopefully can advance the slides. 107 00:14:03.000 --> 00:14:08.000 Yes, and for I just wanna remind everyone for this section. I'm revisiting that. 108 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:27.000 Then diagram for the guidance documents and the sinatoxins portion is a shared resource with hyperlinks to both Hcb one and http 2 and because these sinatoxins and other irritants are produced by both types of sankonic and bendic sinobacteria and i kind of 109 00:14:27.000 --> 00:14:35.000 cover information. Focus on the signatox, since it's relevant to both, and as an outline and kind of how the document is organized. 110 00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:40.000 First this, discuss the exposure, routes, and health effects for both humans and animals. 111 00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:56.000 Exposure to sinatoxins. There's some key important features, some which Janice mentioned perpendicular bacteria, but these affect the distribution and stability and expose and Exposure to Cyanotox it's kind of the where why and for how long just 112 00:14:56.000 --> 00:15:12.000 briefly touch on this different classes of cyanotoxins, and then focus a lot on the bulk or the the meat of this the Senate talks and thresholds that differ for humans and domestic animals in terms of How can you be exposed certainly when you're around 113 00:15:12.000 --> 00:15:18.000 Oh, what affected water! Body you can accidentally swallow water or a blue material you can't. 114 00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:35.000 There is indications that you can in and just, or breathe in aerosols from the water sprayer myths of activities that would have a lot of spring missed go ahead you'll have a higher risk of exposure, and then direct contact with the skin so any sign 115 00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:39.000 bacteria. I can kind of get in the side of your bathing suit. 116 00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:46.000 Perhaps you can maybe get a rest or something there. However, if you're far from the water body, you can still have potential for exposure. 117 00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:52.000 To ready contaminated drinking water that may have come from a surface water source lacked the appropriate treatments. 118 00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:56.000 Remove that signatox. Then let me think about toxins. 119 00:15:56.000 --> 00:16:02.000 10 talks since being present, and shellfish, or fish tissue, and they're actually supplements with. 120 00:16:02.000 --> 00:16:09.000 They said, sign a bacterium material that could potentially contain sanitoxins. 121 00:16:09.000 --> 00:16:16.000 Animals, as genes that are considered at higher risk, because they're simply spending much more time in the potentially those affected water bodies. 122 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:33.000 Their sole source of drinking water. They may also. In addition to lacking avoidance, behavior they could actually be drawn to that high, brightly colored or concentrated mat material thinking it's a food, like the kettle I sound here Maybe feeding directly on mats and it addition to 123 00:16:33.000 --> 00:16:44.000 pdm on the second bacteria itself. Some of their prey, and he felt this, this baby of Macron Vertebrates could potentially contain soft finotoxins in a process known as bioaccumulation and of course, there. 124 00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:50.000 Can be additional and suggest ingestion. Maybe your dog just swam for a little bit, and the the water body. 125 00:16:50.000 --> 00:17:05.000 But then that's the sinusoidal bacteria cells could embed themselves within the and then, if they're grooming and looking at later can have a risk of exposure to a higher concentration of cells and therefore senate toxins the health effects are varied because we 126 00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:11.000 have many different classes of cyanotoxins. They are grouped by the type of organ system that they affect. 127 00:17:11.000 --> 00:17:15.000 So, if it's a liver. Oregon considered how to toxin. 128 00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:20.000 Neurotoxins affect the nervous system, and could have effects like seizures. 129 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:34.000 however, the most commonly reported symptoms are actually gastrointestinal leather, defaulting very tired, or that skin raskin irritation that have been associated with sin attacks and exposure. 130 00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:40.000 However we've had documented cases of almond illnesses and even deaths, particularly for a companion. 131 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:54.000 I was like dogs that have been linked directly to cyanotox and exposure, and as we consider, a health effect for the environment that by accumulation of toxins, and the aquatic food web still an area of active research is can see his. 132 00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:59.000 Environment seen as an environmental health fact. 133 00:17:59.000 --> 00:18:07.000 So, just as sign a bacteria themselves very over space and time, and their abundance Santa Claus can differ as well. 134 00:18:07.000 --> 00:18:22.000 there are multiple types of toxins that can be produced by a single type of sign of bacteria, but it's also important to note that not all sin of bacteria are genetically capable or even actively producing cyant toxins at the time so we can look at 135 00:18:22.000 --> 00:18:28.000 these pictures we can see indicators the right color, the right type of filament, and say, Yes, they are a sign of bacteria. 136 00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:45.000 Maybe in the literature they've been linked to certain types of sinatox and production, but just by looking at, we can't say if they actively have sanitox, is present or not you have to do a test for that another key feature, is that in general those senate toxins are kept within 137 00:18:45.000 --> 00:18:52.000 the sign of bacteria cell available cartoon of an example, fill in that with multiple cells in the upper column. 138 00:18:52.000 --> 00:18:54.000 We've got all the little red triangles. 139 00:18:54.000 --> 00:19:09.000 Considered Sinatoxins held within that cell as a visual, but those toxins can be released when the cells lice or die, and they break open can be part of a natural process as well bloom decays or when it's chemical treatment has been applied either to a water, body like an alger 140 00:19:09.000 --> 00:19:25.000 side or potentially in the drinking water treatment process with an occident, or even when those cells are ingested as in case with a dog looking sign of bacteria cells off of its fur we do present degradation rates in the guidance document and these can vary for the 141 00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:28.000 different types, of sinatoxins, from days to even months. 142 00:19:28.000 --> 00:19:35.000 but they're specific to when they're present outside of the cell, because that's when they would actually degrade Jud to those other factors. 143 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:41.000 Any sign of talks, and it's kept with inside the cell, can actually persist as long as that sells intact. 144 00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:47.000 You've even from sediment. Samples were signed by bacteria. 145 00:19:47.000 --> 00:19:54.000 Cells are still intact for many years ago, and the cyanoxin is still present 146 00:19:54.000 --> 00:20:02.000 So here's the one slide where I present all the different names for the different classes of sinatoxins. 147 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:16.000 target organs like our Ha! How to talk, since the bike resistance, and Angelaarans, as well as solar snapshots, are considered those liver toxins, and are actually more commonly associated with our plantonic blooms the neurotoxins like the 148 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:26.000 saxotoxins and antoxine in particular, are often associated with bumping blooms, and I've got them bolded and highlighted for the the forms that We actually have. 149 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:32.000 Published scient talks and threshold values. And I'm I'm gonna mention that everything is in. 150 00:20:32.000 --> 00:20:42.000 Most of these are in plural form, because we have so many different structural variants ranging from maybe a handful to a dozen, or with the case with microsystems. 151 00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:47.000 Several 100 different types of structural variants. 152 00:20:47.000 --> 00:21:03.000 In terms of how we calculate or determine that signitox and threshold I'm gonna step back and start with a concept that there is a level at which there's no adverse health effect, during a typical exposure scenario that's kind of the baseline and concept so 153 00:21:03.000 --> 00:21:08.000 we look to develop a or derive a concentration of that signatox. 154 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:22.000 Then per volume, or even in the case of biomass, maybe fish, tissue, or of the the basic map material, general components of the threshold equation are having that reference dose which gives you the the toxicity. 155 00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:34.000 There are many uncertainty factors that may translate that reference dose from an individual study with maybe a different target organism to the to the actual exposure else. 156 00:21:34.000 --> 00:22:04.000 And then in terms of exposure, assumptions that mostly goes into how much either water you're drinking, or how long you would be exposed, and there are different ranges that mostly linked to the different types of sinatoxins but maybe different calculations, in terms of a cute single instance. 157 00:22:07.000 --> 00:22:23.000 in our guidance document. We've gone through and evaluated the different States, And what regulatory special values they have adopted It's important to note and start, that we don't have Federal standards like a maximum contaminant level. 158 00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:26.000 That We may have for other types of contaminants. 159 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:32.000 Don't have this for either Sign a bacteria in terms of sales per mill or for the actual signatoxins. 160 00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:50.000 However, we do have guidance information. Uscpa has published sign, text and threshold values for 2 types of microsystems and saloons for both Recreational exposure, incidental ingestion, while serving or through finished drinking water and many states, have actually adopted 161 00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:56.000 those threshold values or they've developed their own regulatory guidance values for cyanotoxins. 162 00:22:56.000 --> 00:23:13.000 And again in our dance document, we've got the different States throughout the country shown here, and which Sinatox and values they have adopted thresholds for for both drinking water and that upper figure and Then this recreation or swimming in the lower portion and very recently in last couple 163 00:23:13.000 --> 00:23:29.000 of years the World Health Organization has developed guidance for 4 types of toxins, one specific structural variant, the microsystem lr, But other different classes of scientists as well and we've got that information presented in the guidance 164 00:23:29.000 --> 00:23:46.000 A key, couple of key features with thresholds in map material that we wanted to mention is, there are no published thresholds for human consumption in that material, however, because there can be recreational exposure you can integrate the human recreational water as well or map 165 00:23:46.000 --> 00:23:59.000 thresholds. There is a case study in our guidance, for is that national park where they've modified the sampling protocol to actually disturb the benthos to kind, of and capture a water sample above that to represent kind of that worst case. 166 00:23:59.000 --> 00:24:04.000 Example, for a water value, and compare that to the recreational thresholds. 167 00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:21.000 In addition to having other types of sampling, maybe a passive sampling device for the presence of the extracellular toxin, and then had adopted a tired advisory based on those different concentrations and I just note that California is the the one state that does have 168 00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:36.000 Matt based thresholds or dogs and cattle based on a dry weight and assumptions of how much they may eat. 169 00:24:36.000 --> 00:24:45.000 perfect. Thank you. I should be getting control and 170 00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:56.000 There we go. It is not working. Okay? Perfect. Okay, hello, everyone. 171 00:24:56.000 --> 00:25:06.000 My name is Via, and I'm going to be discussing some of our monitoring goals that we have for this portion of the training, and so for this portion we would like to really dive into some of the key differences. 172 00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:21.000 When monitoring for benthic versus Platonic https And so I'm going to go over the Method selection tool that we have updated for the Hcd to the document, and I will discuss some of the basics of creating a bench Hcd monitoring plan as well as discussing the differences between 173 00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:26.000 a monitoring plan and response plan. And hopefully, by the end of today's training, you'll have a basic understanding of how long it has been. 174 00:25:26.000 --> 00:25:33.000 The Hcs 175 00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:41.000 If it will, there you go perfect. So I think one of the main questions a lot of people are going to have coming into this training is How this monitoring for a benefit. 176 00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:44.000 Hcd. Different than monitoring for a planktonic. 177 00:25:44.000 --> 00:25:49.000 Hc: So some of you may already have monitoring global programs in place for planktonic loans. 178 00:25:49.000 --> 00:26:03.000 And you're wondering how you can incorporate benefit into your existing rooming plans, and so one of the first key differences is that in most think tonic monitoring plans, the first step is to conduct a visual assessment to confirm whether it blooms present and 179 00:26:03.000 --> 00:26:12.000 while they may work well for the very obvious planatonic blooms Then the Hcds as show here, can be a little bit more cryptic in nature. 180 00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:28.000 therefore, because of their benefit location, you often need specialized equipment, such as scuba or snorkel, or bathyoscopes, to help researchers obtain a visual aid of the benefit materials or with benefit bloom and so this is a badly so here kind of an example 181 00:26:28.000 --> 00:26:40.000 of that material, and so additionally for benthic blooms, sampling of surface water oftentimes does not lead to accurate results, because you know, as it's in the name. 182 00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:47.000 Then the Hcs can grow on the bottom or attach to the sediment or other surfaces located on the bottom of a water body. 183 00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:56.000 You might need specialized equipment to actually collect a sample from the bottom of your water body, and that could be something like a protein here, or something like a rake. 184 00:26:56.000 --> 00:27:07.000 Anything that can help you bring that authentic material to the surface 185 00:27:07.000 --> 00:27:23.000 Sorry. There, we go. Okay, So another key difference when monitoring for these 2 types of bloom is the actual sample you're going to collect while in the field plankton examples are generally going to consist of either water or phone whereas water samples for Bentic: blooms can be really 186 00:27:23.000 --> 00:27:27.000 misleading basic Hcbs often contain most of their toxins within the Mac material. 187 00:27:27.000 --> 00:27:29.000 Therefore to accurately characterize a bunch of bloom. 188 00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:35.000 You'll want to collect a composite sample of Mac, or Parifying springs whatever is around your study site. 189 00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:41.000 Another method that can be used specifically for bentic Hcs is employing what we call artificial, substrate show. 190 00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:58.000 Here on the right, where you deploy some sort of substrate, at your study site, and you can consistently collect terrifying or map material from that substrate and then once your samples are collected it's important to note that there's different cyanotoxins and talks and 191 00:27:58.000 --> 00:28:04.000 conjunctioners that are going to be more commonly associated with benthic glooms than with plankton blooms. 192 00:28:04.000 --> 00:28:21.000 Therefore, when doing bentic Hcd monitoring, you might need to implement additional testing such as a p tops or a potentially toxogenic species screen and this screen will help you to id which species are present in your mac or verified sample and then you can identify which side of 193 00:28:21.000 --> 00:28:35.000 bacteria are present, and then which of those Santa bacteria are more commonly associated, with which cyanotoxins and that can help you to narrow down which toxins to test for and this can help you save on costs, thankfully the underlying process and 194 00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:41.000 methods, of analyzing for toxins for either bentic or plant downic cyanotoxins is pretty similar. 195 00:28:41.000 --> 00:28:48.000 Therefore if you already have a lab and are using Eliza or Lcm SMS, you can continue to use those laboratory methods for your benefit. 196 00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:58.000 Samples. That just may be a small change in how they initially process Matt versus water samples, and then another, really key thing: I'd like to point out that they touched on a little bit. 197 00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:12.000 In the toxin section is that when monitoring for benthic Hcds while threshold guidelines exist for a lot of the common cyanotoxins that occur in both Platonic, and blended, booms, those guidelines, generally apply to full water sample and as 198 00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:21.000 I kind of been pointing out, invented cases. You'll be more interested in testing the mat or parifying material to truly capture, whether Siana toxins are present or not. 199 00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:37.000 So when collecting Santa Fox and data for monitoring purposes, keep in mind that the guidelines for your specific toxin in map material may not be available, yet and so Walcard talks and threshold values and guidelines are currently geared towards platonic 200 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:41.000 blooms. There are a few. There are other ways to characterize a blended blue. 201 00:29:41.000 --> 00:29:57.000 And so an example of one of those methods is using something called percent cover to help determine blue or map extent and percent cover works by using a quadratic of a known size to shown here and monitoring the percentage of that program that is covered in bthic material one specific material covers 202 00:29:57.000 --> 00:30:11.000 a certain percentage of your quadrant. It can start triggering, testing for cyan toxins. And so the New Zealand government uses this method to assess when they began testing for cyanotoxins when they start alerting the public about the potential cyanotoxins and So 203 00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:26.000 forth And this is kind of a great example of a field method that can be used for bentic Hcds, but doesn't apply at all to point times alright We're gonna go on a little bit and start talking about monitoring plans and for monitoring plans there are several important steps to 204 00:30:26.000 --> 00:30:31.000 Take and these steps are going to be the same whether you're monitoring from Platonic or benefit, from both. 205 00:30:31.000 --> 00:30:38.000 First and foremost, you need to decide what your overall monitoring goal is, because your overall goal will influence which factors you monitor. 206 00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:49.000 For so, for instance, if public safety is your main concern, you might be interested in looking at cyanotoxins as opposed to just the sheer number of Cyanobacteria present in your area. 207 00:30:49.000 --> 00:31:01.000 additionally, upfront. You're going to want to consider the cost in training that is going to be associated with your proposed monitoring plan, and you want to make sure it's going to be something that's sustainable in the long term because again. 208 00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:04.000 Monitoring is something you're going to want to do. 209 00:31:04.000 --> 00:31:10.000 Year after year, so you don't want to start out with a monitoring plan that's unsustainable in the long run 210 00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.000 Lovely. We have a tool located in Hcb. 211 00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:26.000 2 document that has been upset updated since Htv. One, and it can now help you decide which animal analytical methods can give you the information you need, as well as relative costs for your modern program. 212 00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:30.000 So this slide just shows a general screenshot of what the analytical tool looks like. 213 00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:45.000 And so, if you look here, it lists out the different target analytics, so you can click whether you're interested in Platonics or benfic cyanobacteria, or whether you're just interested in cyanotoxins and because this is a basic training after all we're going to 214 00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:53.000 go ahead and UN click, plan tonic sign a bacteria, and then this will filter out all of the methods that don't work. 215 00:31:53.000 --> 00:32:06.000 that only work for Benthix, Iona bacteria and for cyanotoxins. And so here you can see that each method it will tell you whether it can determine certain things about the sign of bacteria present or the siana toxins that are present and so for instance. 216 00:32:06.000 --> 00:32:11.000 here for Cyanobacteria. If you were just interested in whether or not they were present or absent. 217 00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:16.000 All of these methods with a green circle will give you that information if you're interested in the species. Id. 218 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:18.000 Which I mentioned can be important for cyanotoxin testing. 219 00:32:18.000 --> 00:32:32.000 These methods will tell you that if you interested in just density or abundance, you can look and see which methods can give you that information, and then you can go ahead and click on these links and they will give you more information about how caring how you can carry out those, analytical 220 00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:37.000 methods. 221 00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:41.000 Sorry, It's being very slow to us which slides for me. 222 00:32:41.000 --> 00:32:45.000 Let me switch 223 00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:51.000 Oh, okay, Too far alright. Perfect. So If you are interested in just sign no toxins. 224 00:32:51.000 --> 00:32:54.000 You could unclick planktonic and Bethake so you don't care. 225 00:32:54.000 --> 00:32:56.000 You just want to know about cyanotoxins here. 226 00:32:56.000 --> 00:32:58.000 It will tell you different information about cyanotoxins. 227 00:32:58.000 --> 00:33:11.000 You may be dealing with at your site. So ststicks can give you just a presence or absence. They can't tell you anything about the containers or things like Eliza Can tell you about total scientists and presence but can't really tell you about contractors. 228 00:33:11.000 --> 00:33:25.000 So really Just depends on what type of information you want and then, if you go over here it'll give you that relative cost estimate of how much these analytical methods will cost, and it, will give you an idea of the level of training involved in performing these different methods so I highly suggest you check 229 00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:30.000 out this tool to help you determine the analytical methods you're going to need for your monitoring plan. 230 00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:38.000 And then, of course, once you decide on the type of data you're interested in collecting it's important to ensure that your field methods are going to complement those Those goals but don't worry. 231 00:33:38.000 --> 00:33:42.000 We also have a table to help you decide which field methods are going to help. 232 00:33:42.000 --> 00:33:51.000 You get the information you want. So again, located on our http, 2 guide and staff, and you can find this table, and it will tell you which field methods work for collecting information about sign of activity. 233 00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:55.000 Biomass. It'll give you information on which ones can do cyanotoxins. 234 00:33:55.000 --> 00:34:08.000 It'll tell you which ones are good for both planktonic or ventics, and then you can also look at the different water body types So are you in still, water, or even flowing water which field methods are good for which you can also look at potential locations, of where you're trying to 235 00:34:08.000 --> 00:34:12.000 collect your samples, and then, of course, what depth you want to click those samples. 236 00:34:12.000 --> 00:34:19.000 So highly suggest. Use both these tools and tan them to help you figure out your monitoring plan. 237 00:34:19.000 --> 00:34:33.000 So once you figure out the field and analytical methods, you'll need to think about the sites in which you will conduct your monitoring, and how frequently you want to sample those sites and So again, this plays back into your overall goal again, if you're interested in public 238 00:34:33.000 --> 00:34:48.000 safety. Then perhaps you want to choose areas along the shoreline that have high recreation, potential high potential people interacting with Matt or parified But if you're interested in something like bloom ecology, perhaps you want to pick a more undisturbed. 239 00:34:48.000 --> 00:35:00.000 Area out in the open water Co. Off out open water column, But then, importantly, most importantly, it's if you implement a monitoring program you're going to want to decide ahead of time what? 240 00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:06.000 You're going to do. If your results exceed those threshold levels that we talked about in a toxin section. 241 00:35:06.000 --> 00:35:25.000 And so this is when your monitoring plan is going to turn into a response plan And so response plans going to be a separate, set of actions that your organization will take and response to certain Hcd related events and these events can include you know monitoring results that exceed special guidelines, you could get 242 00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:31.000 a report of a dog, death or an illness, or maybe a fishkill or a visible bloom like seen here in this photo. 243 00:35:31.000 --> 00:35:35.000 Your response plan should outline what you're going to do in case any of these events occur. 244 00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:40.000 If these events do occur, you sample What level. Of cyan bacteria or cyan talks and results? 245 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.000 In what next step And then, of course, what is that step going to be? 246 00:35:44.000 --> 00:35:54.000 You need to think about. If your organization has the ability to perhaps close down an area that is experiencing a bloom, does your organization have the capabilities to implement new train management? 247 00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:57.000 Kind of think through what your steps are going to be. 248 00:35:57.000 --> 00:36:05.000 In the event any of these Hcd. Related events occur 249 00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:18.000 And so, as I kind of wrap up the discussion on monitoring their key, things, I would like to just kind of reiterate, especially to think about what your goals are going to be when you create this monitoring plan and I highly suggest you use the selection. 250 00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:25.000 Tools that I have shown you to evaluate the options and choose the best analytical and field options for your monitoring goals. 251 00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.000 I also would really suggest advising response plan before you need it. 252 00:36:29.000 --> 00:36:32.000 It's good to have a plan that is consistent and manageable. 253 00:36:32.000 --> 00:36:46.000 Long-term. It is very easy to respond to one bloom report, but if you start getting bloom reports every other day, how do you decide which ones are worth responding to, and which ones are it's important to set up that criteria ahead of time so you're unbiased and 254 00:36:46.000 --> 00:36:50.000 then as always just be realistic about monitoring and response capabilities. 255 00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:52.000 Again, It's easy to respond to one bloom. But what are you going to do that? 256 00:36:52.000 --> 00:37:06.000 Start hack starts happening all the time. So be realistic about your organization's abilities, And with that I'm going to Pass it. 257 00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:14.000 excellent. Thank you, Thea. That's right. I'm Ben Holcomb, and I'll cover management and control strategies. 258 00:37:14.000 --> 00:37:27.000 This topic is found in Section 4 of our document 259 00:37:27.000 --> 00:37:45.000 Alright. The goal of this section is to assemble the management strategies for treating hcbs, including benthic hcbs in the water, so this encompasses both preventative and intervening approaches the section is supported, with an interactive selection tool to help you 260 00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:55.000 identify the most applicable treatment strategies, strategies, and a compilation of fact sheets that describes the pros and cons of each strategy. 261 00:37:55.000 --> 00:38:02.000 Essentially this section 4 of the document is a recast of Section 6 from the Hcb. 262 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:04.000 One document. 263 00:38:04.000 --> 00:38:09.000 It contains all the same features, and the web portal as identified in Hcb. 264 00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:22.000 One training. So as the strategy compiled hotlink table with Pdf. Document download as seen here, with table 4, one on the right 265 00:38:22.000 --> 00:38:39.000 And this short overview. I'd like to cover the specific changes that have occurred in the interactive selection tool for more complete review of the strategies, the tool and scenarios on how to implement these strategies please refer to the Hcb: one management and control strategies, training module which 266 00:38:39.000 --> 00:38:44.000 is archived on our web portal, and we'll follow next month. 267 00:38:44.000 --> 00:38:47.000 November eighth. 268 00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:53.000 Okay, First the management strategy, selection tool has been cross linked with Hcb. 269 00:38:53.000 --> 00:39:09.000 One, And 2. So both documents share the same tool Here's a screenshot of the tool, Primarily, the tools been reconfigured, so it's easier to use essentially the number of selection categories have been reduced and because we're including benthic bloom. 270 00:39:09.000 --> 00:39:14.000 Habitat rivers have been added as a water body type. 271 00:39:14.000 --> 00:39:17.000 The variables that were initially part of the selection. 272 00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:42.000 Category has been provided as part of the table information, such as the level of supporting peer review documentation along with the physical attributes of a water body for which the strategy is applicable, and the strategy fact sheets hot linked in the tool now includes benthic related content 273 00:39:42.000 --> 00:40:00.000 Alright. And with that said finally, my wrap up the training with communication response planning found in Section 5, And I'll cover that 274 00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:20.000 So the goal of the communication response, planning section of the document is to assemble the best practices, resources, and examples of response, planning and communicating Ventic Htvs the general practices provided in the communication response of hcb one section 5 of the web portal and the 275 00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:29.000 assignment training are unchanged with respect to benthic blooms, but today I'll cover a few specific areas where new practices should be considered. 276 00:40:29.000 --> 00:40:36.000 When it, addressing Ventic Hcbs. During this training, I'll cover the companion information. 277 00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:59.000 Hcb. 2 communication response planning, and these areas reporting notification and coordination, visual observation and identification, drinking water, coordination, planning, and the advisories outreach and signage. 278 00:40:59.000 --> 00:41:18.000 Alright. From the reporting notification, coordination, Content found in Section 5, one a good first practice would be to consider new potential water bodies as discussed in the introduction Benthick hcbs are more likely to occur in water bodies that are clear or that may be found in flowing 279 00:41:18.000 --> 00:41:28.000 waters like streams and rivers. After completing this process there are likely new key partners, stakeholders, and agencies that have connections to these waters. 280 00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:46.000 Now is the best time to begin, including them into your Hcb program planning activities Next is to incorporate new information as provided from the introduction section such as bentic habitat characteristics toxins into your outreach and education incorporate benthic blooms 281 00:41:46.000 --> 00:41:59.000 into your overall public outreach. Particularly provide the emphasis on the exposure risks of mats versus water include frequently associated toxins that we're discussed earlier. 282 00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:13.000 Finally ensure that you inform stakeholders and respective agency partners related to recreation, drinking, water, agriculture, and livestock producers 283 00:42:13.000 --> 00:42:17.000 To assist your coordination. Efforts of incorporating this new information. 284 00:42:17.000 --> 00:42:25.000 We've added new benthic Hcb. Imagery to our visual guide, and we've created a new identification video. 285 00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:40.000 So ensure, communication. Plans are evaluated and emphasized to your stakeholders and collaborators of this new paradigm that bentic blooms can be found in clear water or flowing water like streams and rivers and not simply the traditional 286 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:49.000 atrophic waters, where we see planktonic blooms in addition, as mentioned in the monitoring training, there are new field lab approaches. 287 00:42:49.000 --> 00:43:04.000 To consider. So point your collaborators to the monitoring and toxin sections of this document and the respective trainings to understand those specific challenges and approaches to address penthick blooms 288 00:43:04.000 --> 00:43:11.000 So in regard to drinking water sources, which is covered in section 5 13. 289 00:43:11.000 --> 00:43:20.000 The information I just covered with regarding bloom, identification habitats and monitoring should be directly coordinated with drinking water providers. 290 00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:30.000 For instance, we recommend reviewing plans with drinking water providers to ensure they understand and address the nuance that benthic blooms can create. 291 00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:39.000 As for private drinking, water sources, it would be a good practice to identify and develop outreach materials as it relates to their specific needs and capabilities. 292 00:43:39.000 --> 00:43:49.000 Please see section, 5, 1 3 for examples, and links to resources 293 00:43:49.000 --> 00:44:00.000 Next regarding your state or tribes. Health advisory processes and guidances, it's important to evaluate these existing documents, particularly the advisory thresholds. 294 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:07.000 They already have in place. We've discussed this critical review in prior training modules. 295 00:44:07.000 --> 00:44:12.000 do the nature of benthic blooms, particularly how a sample may be collected. 296 00:44:12.000 --> 00:44:26.000 It's difficult to compare your existing thresholds specifically. 297 00:44:26.000 --> 00:44:42.000 what do you do? You either need to modify your sampling technique to generate a concentration based sample, or determine an appropriate threshold guidance for an area based sample either way, it's important to co incorporate this information into your existing guidance So 298 00:44:42.000 --> 00:44:48.000 that your agency partners, stakeholders, and public understand this nuance. 299 00:44:48.000 --> 00:44:59.000 In addition, as mentioned in the Toxins training module, benthic blooms tend to include large concentrations of anatomyox and a and variance due to The unstable nature. 300 00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:08.000 Of these toxins outside the cell. You'll often encounter scenarios with low levels in the water and extremely high levels in the mats. 301 00:45:08.000 --> 00:45:19.000 There's also no Federal recommended thresholds for Anatox and a or experience ensure that the measures you collect are appropriate to issue an advisory under your current. 302 00:45:19.000 --> 00:45:37.000 Approach, and if not, what mechanisms and procedures are appropriate to issue advisories for benthic blooms specifically reevaluate your approaches, to post advisories for bentic blooms and How those decisions can impact your current approach from using signage your press 303 00:45:37.000 --> 00:45:46.000 release your website and social media for guidance, examples and resources like this table from Zion National Park. 304 00:45:46.000 --> 00:45:55.000 Check out. Section 5, 1, 4, 305 00:45:55.000 --> 00:46:05.000 Okay, specifically in regards to signage the guidance recommends emphasizing and translating visually the differences of mats versus water. 306 00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:10.000 The higher risks, pose to pets and livestock producers. 307 00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:29.000 And, for instance, if you haven't updated your guidance to accommodate how advisories would be formally issued, you might want to consider creating an alert or outreach signs to inform the public when these blooms are present and the potential risks they post so visit section 5 1 308 00:46:29.000 --> 00:46:38.000 5 for examples and resources like this sign from the California Hab network 309 00:46:38.000 --> 00:46:46.000 So I've just covered a few specifics besides those examples and the compiled resources provided throughout the section. 310 00:46:46.000 --> 00:46:49.000 There are also 3 case studies found in Appendix B. 311 00:46:49.000 --> 00:47:01.000 That provides more contextual information. We have an example from Lake Travis and Texas, the highly visited Virgin River and Zion National Park, and the Russian River in California. 312 00:47:01.000 --> 00:47:13.000 The diversity of these case studies both equalologically and their approaches, should provide useful context to your program. 313 00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:17.000 And then finally, you may have seen this figure a number of times. 314 00:47:17.000 --> 00:47:25.000 but here's a list of all the available resources for you to consider All these can be accessed from the diagram found on Hcb. 315 00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.000 To homepage, such as the section I just cover here. 316 00:47:29.000 --> 00:47:38.000 Communication, response planning some of the other resources. I I mentioned the the learning to recognize Hcb. 317 00:47:38.000 --> 00:47:43.000 Video and the Visual guide. We have recommendation sections for each Hcb. 318 00:47:43.000 --> 00:48:13.000 One and Hcb. 2, and as I just mentioned the case studies, and and finally, the the multitude of tools that we have as shared resources between the documents, And as I mentioned, all this can be found at our website Itrc web.org 319 00:48:16.000 --> 00:48:22.000 alright. Thank you, Ben. So so we will open up our question. 320 00:48:22.000 --> 00:48:27.000 Answer Portion of the training now at any time. You can type your questions in the Q. 321 00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:31.000 And a pod. It doesn't look like we have any at the moment. 322 00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:39.000 So I will just kind of deliver my end of training, feel, And then we can go back to The Q. 323 00:48:39.000 --> 00:48:54.000 And A. Pot. If we get any questions so like, I said at the beginning of the training, we do have certificates of completion available for for this training so you would receive a certificate of completion, by filling out the feedback form at the end of the training and you 324 00:48:54.000 --> 00:49:02.000 can find the link to the feedback form on the clue in training page that brought you here today. It's going to be one of those tabs at the top. 325 00:49:02.000 --> 00:49:17.000 It says feedback form We would love to hear from you all on the training course today, so we would really appreciate if you could take a minute to fill out that form And then, once you do that, and check a box that you to certify that you participated a certificate will be emailed to 326 00:49:17.000 --> 00:49:25.000 you. So with that I will pause here for a minute or 2, and see if we get any questions in our Q. A. 327 00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:49.000 Pod. If not, we can just wrap up the training today and give you a few extra minutes back to your day. But I'll pause here just in case 328 00:49:49.000 --> 00:49:54.000 I'd also just like to remind you attendees here that we do archive all of it. 329 00:49:54.000 --> 00:50:05.000 Rc's training courses that we offer on clue in. So if you have any additional time or interest in any other training, topics, we we have all of them archived on the Kluen website. 330 00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:13.000 Under their archive training section, so feel free to peruse that, and see if anything else is of interest. 331 00:50:13.000 --> 00:50:36.000 So we do have a question here in the chat for our trainer, so I'll read it out loud. Cyanobacterial blooms, more common with warming temperatures. 332 00:50:36.000 --> 00:50:38.000 this is Gina. I can. I can tackle this. 333 00:50:38.000 --> 00:50:49.000 Yeah, There has been a lot of attention given to the dynamics between climate change and a sign of bacterial blooms. 334 00:50:49.000 --> 00:51:04.000 So warming temperatures, and extending the the growing season, especially in sort of north, temperate areas certainly may play a role in seeing more sign of bacterial blooms with climate change Another aspect. 335 00:51:04.000 --> 00:51:11.000 To consider is things like changes in precipitation, especially in the North, Central United States. 336 00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:12.000 We've definitely seen an uptick in increased intensity of of rain events which can bring more sediments and associated nutrients into water bodies as well. 337 00:51:12.000 --> 00:51:33.000 Possibly due to climate change 338 00:51:33.000 --> 00:52:03.000 Wonderful. Thank you, Gina. I would also like to just remind the attendees that if we we we are unable to respond to a raise of hands on zoom, So if you have your hand raised and it's a question please put that in the queue alright, i'll read our next question here 339 00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.000 I guess I can. This is Ben. I can help answer that question. 340 00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:12.000 I think first you'd wanna collect some samples. 341 00:52:12.000 --> 00:52:28.000 The first identify whether those are Benthic, Cyanobacteria, and if they are, then I mean, I would pose that it's not necessarily a risk to to walk or weighed in those areas. 342 00:52:28.000 --> 00:52:43.000 I'm not aware of any evidence that there are severe or considerable health impacts from for skin contact on benthic hcbs. 343 00:52:43.000 --> 00:52:47.000 I would probably wouldn't recommend doing it for a long period of time. 344 00:52:47.000 --> 00:52:48.000 but certainly you know issue some kind of information, particularly, for if there are, if that area is visited with pets or kids where they typically swim and and the mats are floating up because of people walking through that area then then that's certainly the risk that's that's present and 345 00:52:48.000 --> 00:53:18.000 Many of our lakes in New Hampshire are oglotrophic, but have maths and growth on rocks and in the sand Do we tell swimmers to not stand on the rocks, or walk through growth, on the bottom 346 00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:28.000 Alright. Thank you, Ben. I'm going to read the next question here. 347 00:53:28.000 --> 00:53:48.000 So hi, Oh, sorry. Yeah, I was just gonna mention that I I probably wouldn't comment on to to how common it may be, but there have been examples where they've tested for Sanitoxins in supplement material there's actually going to be a presentation about it at the upcoming us hapsposium 348 00:53:48.000 --> 00:54:04.000 on harbology later this month, Actually, in a couple of weeks, I can maybe put that into the chat, but I would, I would say, maybe if you like, that a supplement to contact the producer, see if they've done any toxins testing and what their protocol is if it's 349 00:54:04.000 --> 00:54:18.000 something collected from a Have it up. Okay, Open surface, water, lake ponds, or if it's the supplement material that was grown in a culture inside of a lab. 350 00:54:18.000 --> 00:54:21.000 So you know that it's a 1, one type of strain. 351 00:54:21.000 --> 00:54:29.000 Those are kind of the factors that may go into concerns for taxicity. 352 00:54:29.000 --> 00:54:37.000 yeah, I was gonna add the food supplements are not regulated as tightly as say pharmaceutical products. 353 00:54:37.000 --> 00:54:38.000 So so they they aren't always tested as thoroughly as say, say, drug drug products, and I believe there have been some recalls of food products that have also contained sign a bacteria as as part of their ingredient list so just something something to keep in 354 00:54:38.000 --> 00:55:08.000 Is it common to find cyanotoxins in food supplements 355 00:55:21.000 --> 00:55:37.000 I can answer that. Hello. So Because then the Gcds have such a cryptic nature, We're not sure if we're just seeing them more frequently, now because we're finally properly looking for them or if they've always been present, but because they've been on the bottom of water 356 00:55:37.000 --> 00:55:44.000 bodies They've just gone undetected, and so obviously planktonic hcbs can turn the water to be very bright and colorful. 357 00:55:44.000 --> 00:55:51.000 And they really announce that they're there, so it may seem like there's a bias towards Platonic Hcds just because they are more obvious. 358 00:55:51.000 --> 00:55:55.000 And so you know as of right now, it's a little hard to tell which one is more prevalent. 359 00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:58.000 I think we see of and hear about more planktonic Hcds. 360 00:55:58.000 --> 00:56:06.000 But that doesn't mean that. Then the Hcds aren't present and going undetected, especially because the different toxins that can be produced by Hcds. 361 00:56:06.000 --> 00:56:10.000 If you don't specifically look for some of them, you won't find them. 362 00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:11.000 And so it can kind of give a false impression that they're not there when they really are. 363 00:56:11.000 --> 00:56:23.000 All right, thank you, Ruth and Gina. I'm going to ask a few more questions here, and then we'll wrap up the training. How prevalent is Thenthic Hcb: compared with Planktonic Hc. 364 00:56:23.000 --> 00:56:28.000 All right. Thank you, Thea. I We have one last question here that I'll read, and then we will wrap up our training. 365 00:56:28.000 --> 00:56:33.000 our test strips available. Now for most cyanotoxes specifically Die Row. 366 00:56:33.000 --> 00:56:45.000 I'm I'm probably not going to say this correctly. 367 00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:50.000 I can take that one, too. She means Dihydrate Anatox and a Hi, Maggie, as of right. 368 00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:59.000 Now there are no dipsticks available specifically for that conjurer of Hamatoxin. A So dihydrate Anatox and A, is a conjurer of Anatox and a and as of right. 369 00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:06.000 Now there are no test trips available. I know that they are working on different methods to detect some of those containers as of right. 370 00:57:06.000 --> 00:57:12.000 Now you can only detect those through Lcms and that I'm aware of. 371 00:57:12.000 --> 00:57:13.000 But hopefully, as we continue to see this, talks and become more prevalent, more resources will be put into developing test scripts for them 372 00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:24.000 Trainers specifically Die Road netoxin a as is common in Lake Travis. 373 00:57:24.000 --> 00:57:34.000 All right. Thank you. Fia. I'm just going to put Ruth Here we go. 374 00:57:34.000 --> 00:57:46.000 Ruth did provide the link to the presentation on and dietary supplements, and I did put it in the chat for everybody, in case you are interested. 375 00:57:46.000 --> 00:58:00.000 so with that we'll wrap up our training for day for today, And I just wanted to say, Thank you to all of our attendees for taking the time to join us today for this training and a big thank you to our expert trainers who being here and for their contribution to the itrc 376 00:58:00.000 --> 00:58:10.000 documents. If you have any further questions, or would like any further clarifications on any questions or answers that we would over here today feel free to email us at I, T. R. C. I. 377 00:58:10.000 --> 00:58:14.000 Trc web org, I'll put that email in the chat here as well. 378 00:58:14.000 --> 00:58:21.000 but other than that, I hope you all have a wonderful rest of your day, and we hope to see you on. 379 00:58:21.000 --> 00:58:26.000 I believe it is November eighth for Hcb. 380 00:58:26.000 --> 00:58:56.000 One I you can sign up for that course on clue in as well.