WEBVTT 90 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 our opening material and turns things over to 91 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:07.000 the first speaker today. Kate has been joining us on 92 00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:15.000 the other sessions she is part of the EPA office of technology 93 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:19.000 innovation, Kate I will turn it over to you to introduce our speakers. 94 00:00:19.000 --> 00:00:27.000 >> Okay thank you welcome everybody. 95 00:00:27.000 --> 00:00:30.000 Before I get started and introduce the speakers I like to give you 96 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:38.067 context on the Society of American engineers or 97 00:00:38.067 --> 00:00:43.067 collaboration on hazardous waste site 98 00:00:43.067 --> 00:00:48.000 conference series this is a collaboration has been going on for the past five 99 00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:54.000 years with the object lives of exchange among 100 00:00:54.000 --> 00:00:58.000 professionals private and public sectors and other agencies 101 00:00:58.000 --> 00:01:04.000 regarding designing in 102 00:01:04.000 --> 00:01:10.000 instructions for this hazardous way, 103 00:01:10.000 --> 00:01:15.000 and also filled experiences in this area, enhances 104 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:20.000 communication network and promotes discussion, we have a number of 105 00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:24.000 events I will go on in our Next Slide we have two symposiums 106 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:29.000 one on the east and one on the west, we have DCH 107 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:34.000 WS series in which this is one of the many presentations 108 00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:40.067 we will deliver through the CLU-IN platform. For the 109 00:01:40.067 --> 00:01:45.000 seminar series we started 110 00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:48.000 September 2019 just a couple of months ago we have 8 to 10 webinars 111 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:52.000 in fiscal year 2020. First webinars are focused on presentations 112 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:57.000 that were delivered at the symposium, at 113 00:01:57.000 --> 00:02:00.000 the symposium event I will talk about in the next couple of slides, 114 00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:06.000 we only have 20 minutes for 20 minutes for presentations this allows for 115 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:10.000 a deeper dive in some of the technical aspects 116 00:02:10.000 --> 00:02:14.000 of the projects that were presented, and also gives more breath of 117 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:20.000 the dialogue on the content not just limited to this 118 00:02:20.000 --> 00:02:24.000 symposium attendees. Additional webinars will be added 119 00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:29.000 into the mix were 8 to 10 webinars on topics relevant to 120 00:02:29.000 --> 00:02:35.000 the attendees. In addition to the CLU-IN webinars series, 121 00:02:35.000 --> 00:02:41.000 EPA and SAME is put non-retraining, plan for 122 00:02:41.000 --> 00:02:45.934 a Boston office in the CDM office in spring 123 00:02:45.934 --> 00:02:50.934 2020 timeframe. We have not nailed down 124 00:02:50.934 --> 00:02:56.934 a date but it will be announced on the website and 125 00:02:56.934 --> 00:02:58.934 future webinars. 126 00:02:58.934 --> 00:03:04.934 Today's presenters Jim Bays and also 127 00:03:04.934 --> 00:03:08.934 B.T. Thomas, and in 128 00:03:08.934 --> 00:03:14.934 natural treatment systems with Jacobs, has 129 00:03:14.934 --> 00:03:28.934 more than 22 years. Welcome 130 00:03:28.934 --> 00:03:31.934 Jim. 131 00:03:31.934 --> 00:03:36.000 >> -- 40 years experience -- Welcome Jim pick 132 00:03:36.000 --> 00:03:42.000 >> And for the passive treatments on 133 00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:45.934 impacted waters leading the design of treatment 134 00:03:45.934 --> 00:03:51.934 design projects since Joy King, and 135 00:03:51.934 --> 00:03:56.934 joining Jacobs engineering 20 years ago welcome 136 00:03:56.934 --> 00:03:57.934 BT. 137 00:03:57.934 --> 00:04:03.934 >> We will go into the presentations I will introduce upcoming webinars 138 00:04:03.934 --> 00:04:07.934 and conference event after the Q&A is completed at closing. 139 00:04:07.934 --> 00:04:15.934 I will go ahead transfer it over to Jim 140 00:04:15.934 --> 00:04:18.934 and BT. 141 00:04:18.934 --> 00:04:25.934 >> Please begin whenever you are ready. 142 00:04:25.934 --> 00:04:34.934 >> All right thank you very much for 143 00:04:34.934 --> 00:04:41.000 your assistance Jean, thank you Kate for 144 00:04:41.000 --> 00:04:46.934 your introduction. Oh thank you 145 00:04:46.934 --> 00:04:51.934 for this time to present on this topic. I would 146 00:04:51.934 --> 00:04:56.934 like to dive in, like most companies we begin with the 147 00:04:56.934 --> 00:05:00.934 safety reminder many of us will find ourselves working in romance 148 00:05:00.934 --> 00:05:05.934 -- Remote areas. Always hazardous, snakes 149 00:05:05.934 --> 00:05:12.934 are always something to work around and look for, they 150 00:05:12.934 --> 00:05:16.934 are naturally camouflaged, can you see the copperhead in this picture 151 00:05:16.934 --> 00:05:22.934 it is there. You want to avoid this one right here shown on this 152 00:05:22.934 --> 00:05:28.934 outline of it, general points if you work 153 00:05:28.934 --> 00:05:32.934 in this range around Pilate systems are apparatus, watch 154 00:05:32.934 --> 00:05:39.000 where you are placing your hands and feet when 155 00:05:39.000 --> 00:05:48.000 walking clear of wooded to be 156 00:05:48.000 --> 00:05:52.000 of debris, this is all part of the safety background. Let's 157 00:05:52.000 --> 00:05:58.000 get into the presentation. What is Passive Treatment and other 158 00:05:58.000 --> 00:06:02.000 topics, this is overview of technologies and 159 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:11.000 how they can be configured we are diving into biochemical 160 00:06:11.000 --> 00:06:17.000 technology of Mine-Inpacted Water, and to projects 161 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:20.000 where we collaborated on design and have 162 00:06:20.000 --> 00:06:24.000 the benefit of receiving follow-up data and observations by the 163 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:32.000 site manager I will go over the major findings. For a coal company 164 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:36.067 in southern West Virginia and 165 00:06:36.067 --> 00:06:41.067 BT will go over the treatment system in Oklahoma, we will focus on the 166 00:06:41.067 --> 00:06:47.000 issue of substrate longevity in this presentation we want to 167 00:06:47.000 --> 00:06:52.000 introduce materials on this topic. These projects allow 168 00:06:52.000 --> 00:06:58.000 us to track, 169 00:06:58.000 --> 00:07:04.000 of Biochemical Reactors, we selected these two, they've been 170 00:07:04.000 --> 00:07:09.000 in operation to answer this question, of long Jeopardy 171 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:15.000 and longevity, we will respond to your questions. And look forward 172 00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:20.000 to responding to your questions. Natural treatment 173 00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:27.000 systems definition, it is Mine-Inpacted Water 174 00:07:27.000 --> 00:07:31.000 that doesn't require continual chemical addition and 175 00:07:31.000 --> 00:07:36.067 monitoring, this treatment is from simple observation made 30 years 176 00:07:36.067 --> 00:07:42.067 or go city water from the minds, and 177 00:07:42.067 --> 00:07:51.000 water improved, this is led to a significant effort to optimize 178 00:07:51.000 --> 00:07:55.000 through design naturally perform these functions, we have 179 00:07:55.000 --> 00:08:02.000 a host of tools 180 00:08:02.000 --> 00:08:07.000 and feasible treatment systems to provide a lower cost system for 181 00:08:07.000 --> 00:08:10.000 impact did waters. At the advantage listed here 182 00:08:10.000 --> 00:08:16.000 over active treatment system can include substantially lower cost 183 00:08:16.000 --> 00:08:22.000 of maintenance, construction, known use 184 00:08:22.000 --> 00:08:28.000 of power chemicals, and can be installed in 185 00:08:28.000 --> 00:08:37.067 remote locations. Through construction of 186 00:08:37.067 --> 00:08:46.000 acid mine treatment. These triple 187 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:50.000 bottom line they are feasible in natural materials on reducing 188 00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:59.000 water and energy use reducing 189 00:08:59.000 --> 00:09:03.000 Mine land, through 190 00:09:03.000 --> 00:09:11.000 vision and through the use of treatment systems to have 191 00:09:11.000 --> 00:09:18.000 sustainability rankings. Utilize the same processes as the same 192 00:09:18.000 --> 00:09:27.000 conventional systems. Building concrete and 193 00:09:27.000 --> 00:09:36.067 still moving Steel, 194 00:09:36.067 --> 00:09:40.067 on providing habitable habitat, and fewer staff are 195 00:09:40.067 --> 00:09:46.000 required to operate and spend time in the field maintenance and monitoring 196 00:09:46.000 --> 00:09:52.000 process Redaction and recycling. Special land 197 00:09:52.000 --> 00:09:56.000 to provide treatment, my impact waters 198 00:09:56.000 --> 00:10:00.000 and the production of residuals. This can 199 00:10:00.000 --> 00:10:05.000 be a rate that there is not enough 200 00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:11.000 to store naturally, these are rated to relatively small flows, 201 00:10:11.000 --> 00:10:19.000 this makes lowball 202 00:10:19.000 --> 00:10:21.000 low-volume a treatment. 203 00:10:21.000 --> 00:10:29.000 >> In these drainage treatments as a proportion 204 00:10:29.000 --> 00:10:33.000 of actual active cause, the literature tells us it is possible 205 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:39.067 one fourth of the cost operations are less 206 00:10:39.067 --> 00:10:46.000 expensive too ranging a 40% from 10% where 207 00:10:46.000 --> 00:10:50.000 reasonable. Now the spectrum of ecosystems for 208 00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:55.000 quality objectives, starting per spec is any water quality issue, 209 00:10:55.000 --> 00:10:58.000 there is probably a natural treatment system that can 210 00:10:58.000 --> 00:11:06.000 mimic nature to apply and solve a problem. A range of possibilities 211 00:11:06.000 --> 00:11:10.000 including land application plant uptake 212 00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:16.000 systems, subsurface flow wetlands, the passive 213 00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:21.000 media beds, and ponds that may be 214 00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:22.000 wetlands and variation systems. 215 00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:27.000 These types of systems the benefits they bring can be reviewed to see 216 00:11:27.000 --> 00:11:29.000 if any fit the environmental setting 217 00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:35.067 of the project. In this presentation we are focusing on 218 00:11:35.067 --> 00:11:39.067 Biochemical Reactors, of the improvement effect on metal and nutrient pollution 219 00:11:39.067 --> 00:11:45.000 by well water, particular 220 00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:49.000 sediments, for well water and soils, concept we want to introduce 221 00:11:49.000 --> 00:11:55.000 as rarely implemented. Instead we are shown as examples, systems 222 00:11:55.000 --> 00:12:01.000 for one or more type of systems to complement ACR 223 00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:07.000 treatment as we will show we will include this formation in 224 00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:11.000 setting all by a biological step using BCR, and 225 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:16.000 the final thing step two remove residuals in this process, 226 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:22.000 this rationale based upon this system 227 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:28.000 and the second sequence flow, this can be divided into 228 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:33.000 smaller systems to improve hydraulics 229 00:12:33.000 --> 00:12:38.000 from short-circuiting. They can be modeled as 230 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:44.000 such. Final is operational and may need to reroute flows from one 231 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:49.934 to another. For maintenance or other reasons we can 232 00:12:49.934 --> 00:12:55.934 provide these concepts for effective treatment, stepping back a bit further, 233 00:12:55.934 --> 00:13:00.934 this can be expanding multiple systems. 234 00:13:00.934 --> 00:13:06.934 Each component will have maintenance required typically in 235 00:13:06.934 --> 00:13:10.934 an equalization system come the water 236 00:13:10.934 --> 00:13:15.934 then can lead to a primary treatment process. The Mine 237 00:13:15.934 --> 00:13:19.934 water, following the second step, such as biological treatment such 238 00:13:19.934 --> 00:13:25.934 as Biochemical Reactors. Their process then 239 00:13:25.934 --> 00:13:29.934 you are required for commissioning the water for discharge, media beds, 240 00:13:29.934 --> 00:13:38.000 lakes or ponds, also it will require replacement 241 00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:41.000 or regeneration this is both for passive and active forms of treatment 242 00:13:41.000 --> 00:13:46.934 this may mean periodic replacement how often? And at 243 00:13:46.934 --> 00:13:48.934 what cost? This is the questions. 244 00:13:48.934 --> 00:13:51.934 >> Thank you Jim over to BT. 245 00:13:51.934 --> 00:13:56.934 >> We are focusing on Mine water, the figure 246 00:13:56.934 --> 00:14:02.934 in the left is the impacted water that can be impact 247 00:14:02.934 --> 00:14:08.934 including lakes, lakes the 248 00:14:08.934 --> 00:14:14.934 groundwater seeps and is impacted by metal loading, acidity 249 00:14:14.934 --> 00:14:18.934 and other hydrogen compounds come the potential for 250 00:14:18.934 --> 00:14:24.934 quality varies wildly to these waters, and impacted by 251 00:14:24.934 --> 00:14:29.934 multiple contaminant this description of 252 00:14:29.934 --> 00:14:36.000 pollutant environment can be generalized more broadly 253 00:14:36.000 --> 00:14:41.000 these facilities can produce waste waters and similar to water that 254 00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:45.934 can impact stormwater, generating 255 00:14:45.934 --> 00:14:51.934 at the Mine site, all of these waters tend to have ions for concentrations 256 00:14:51.934 --> 00:14:58.934 above the background which can be 257 00:14:58.934 --> 00:15:00.934 receiving criteria. Finally, the timing of these waters are typically 258 00:15:00.934 --> 00:15:06.934 in ranges beyond what naturally will occur 259 00:15:06.934 --> 00:15:11.934 require management. 260 00:15:11.934 --> 00:15:16.934 This wide range of water types will approach these treatments based 261 00:15:16.934 --> 00:15:22.934 upon chemistry, and this biochemical reaction will 262 00:15:22.934 --> 00:15:27.934 have two distinctions in chemistry, first such as iron and aluminum, 263 00:15:27.934 --> 00:15:33.934 will require a step four substation before 264 00:15:33.934 --> 00:15:40.000 falling into BCR if this is not removed in 265 00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:46.000 the pre-treated unit, this is abiotic in 266 00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:50.000 nature, and it will 267 00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:59.000 pass through BCR and treated by post PCR 268 00:15:59.000 --> 00:16:07.000 process. This ox see hydroxide for the solid 269 00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:14.000 removal and as it is a part of the water stream. In 270 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:21.000 this stage of concentrated technology there have been many 271 00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:27.000 project indicating for the previous water quality this 272 00:16:27.000 --> 00:16:33.000 figure 2009. Shows the periodic table of elements 273 00:16:33.000 --> 00:16:39.067 treatable for anabolic and 274 00:16:39.067 --> 00:16:41.067 through participation in orange, striking about this chart 275 00:16:41.067 --> 00:16:47.000 you could see the experience of this metal they are treatable 276 00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:50.000 with biological reduction. 277 00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:56.000 Or biochemical reactors. This is why we built our case 278 00:16:56.000 --> 00:17:00.000 studies around BCR's. 279 00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:04.000 They can be treated through reduction with the best approach depending 280 00:17:04.000 --> 00:17:10.000 on site specific conditions, 281 00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:16.000 those you see chloride in light blue they are not treatable 282 00:17:16.000 --> 00:17:25.000 directly with concentration, or common approaches. Now 283 00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:28.000 we will introduce the idea in a wide 284 00:17:28.000 --> 00:17:33.000 range of types that can be encountered, the Passive 285 00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:38.067 Treatment toolbox, designers can take tools 286 00:17:38.067 --> 00:17:44.067 from their treatment toolbox to build a system unique to 287 00:17:44.067 --> 00:17:50.000 each chemistry and condition. For industrial waters this 288 00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:57.000 toolbox is broken up into a few 289 00:17:57.000 --> 00:18:03.000 categories. These tools are biologically based units, and design on a 290 00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:08.000 chemical reaction in how much acidity can be utilized per 291 00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:17.000 day the typical goal is to raise pH 292 00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:23.000 and reduce their 293 00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:28.000 bar engineer for 294 00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:34.000 anabiotic, or transformation to this 295 00:18:34.000 --> 00:18:43.067 form or in units for secondary parameters and 296 00:18:43.067 --> 00:18:49.000 they realize from residence time, of one or 297 00:18:49.000 --> 00:18:58.000 more day, where any 298 00:18:58.000 --> 00:19:04.000 biological treatment using these mediums, 299 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:11.000 preventing these extremely cold environments. And specifically 300 00:19:11.000 --> 00:19:20.000 in this system 301 00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:26.000 a typical reactor, can rely in this 302 00:19:26.000 --> 00:19:32.000 subsurface touch, to keep this layer flooded to 303 00:19:32.000 --> 00:19:40.067 maintain condition, using locally available 304 00:19:40.067 --> 00:19:46.000 systems are designed for 10 to 20 years. Due to the high 305 00:19:46.000 --> 00:19:52.000 carbon content of the nature of 306 00:19:52.000 --> 00:20:01.000 the reactor, as such, biochemical reactors are 307 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:07.000 instruct the and in APC, design 308 00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:16.000 in oxidizing and raising those and they can 309 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:25.000 still be operating 310 00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:31.000 or can 311 00:20:31.000 --> 00:20:36.067 be insulating these units 312 00:20:36.067 --> 00:20:42.067 biochemical reaction instructed using readily 313 00:20:42.067 --> 00:20:50.000 available material, Lance -- Very simple 314 00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:56.000 here consisting of one or two components such as compost, and 315 00:20:56.000 --> 00:21:04.000 saying simply the availability to list 316 00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:10.000 and stressing the community, and barriers, which have 317 00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:16.000 more complex moments, and for long-term support for 318 00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:22.000 the substrate for the product 319 00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:28.000 to breakdown. For the Hemolytic substrate in 320 00:21:28.000 --> 00:21:31.000 the longer timeframe. 321 00:21:31.000 --> 00:21:37.067 We have added microbe real to 322 00:21:37.067 --> 00:21:43.067 the substrate, limestone stand here 323 00:21:43.067 --> 00:21:52.000 with limestone sand for high surface 324 00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:58.000 area years of downstream erosion when we have all 325 00:21:58.000 --> 00:22:06.000 flow bike by gravity. How do 326 00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:12.000 these work? Chemical reactors are designed to promote elemental reducing 327 00:22:12.000 --> 00:22:17.000 microorganisms, for the reductions of sulfide, and trace 328 00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:24.000 metals from solution errors can be designed reducing 329 00:22:24.000 --> 00:22:30.000 other elements such as solar medium chromium, 330 00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.000 and biologically reduced metals in the 331 00:22:34.000 --> 00:22:38.000 substrate. Because they are phased, they require 332 00:22:38.000 --> 00:22:44.000 longer resident time, on average, the resident time 333 00:22:44.000 --> 00:22:48.934 by these Biochemical Reactors 1 to 4 days, could be seen longer, 334 00:22:48.934 --> 00:22:54.934 these are designed on the models for 335 00:22:54.934 --> 00:23:00.934 the concern under the coldest features accepted. 336 00:23:00.934 --> 00:23:04.934 Previously noted 337 00:23:04.934 --> 00:23:10.934 iron, two maximize the longevity these are 338 00:23:10.934 --> 00:23:15.934 not advanced, within the state with the quality 339 00:23:15.934 --> 00:23:21.934 unit rendering it ineffective. 340 00:23:21.934 --> 00:23:27.934 Bioreactors by design recording a specific process 341 00:23:27.934 --> 00:23:31.934 or reduction, bioreactors have a different 342 00:23:31.934 --> 00:23:38.000 anaerobic community and receptors for the 343 00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:44.000 substrate. Typical receptors on organisms nitrogen, 344 00:23:44.000 --> 00:23:49.934 nitrate, sulfate and carbon dioxide by 345 00:23:49.934 --> 00:23:55.934 using the substrates that provide energy, 346 00:23:55.934 --> 00:24:03.934 the tower, Electron Tower Theory relates the amount 347 00:24:03.934 --> 00:24:11.934 of energy for example oxygen at the top of 348 00:24:11.934 --> 00:24:17.934 the tower,, carbon 349 00:24:17.934 --> 00:24:23.934 dioxide used has recent amount of energy located at the 350 00:24:23.934 --> 00:24:27.934 bottom of the tower. 351 00:24:27.934 --> 00:24:37.000 Electron tower, based on the utilization and the free energy and the microcode 352 00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:43.000 real population, with the high nitrate load often 353 00:24:43.000 --> 00:24:49.934 will reduce features, 354 00:24:49.934 --> 00:24:58.934 nitrate load must be considered with metal loading 355 00:24:58.934 --> 00:25:04.934 during design. The concept of using the soap and 356 00:25:04.934 --> 00:25:10.934 sulfate reduction dates back. 357 00:25:10.934 --> 00:25:15.934 >> Microorganisms break down organic matter in small chains, 358 00:25:15.934 --> 00:25:21.934 and reduce bacteria the sulfate reducers generate 359 00:25:21.934 --> 00:25:25.934 sulfide which is used for mine drainage and solution, in the 360 00:25:25.934 --> 00:25:31.934 1980s cup, 361 00:25:31.934 --> 00:25:36.000 bile -- Bioreactors were used. 362 00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:40.000 >> To rapidly reduce nitrate in the affluence of the power drainage 363 00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:46.000 field. Early bioreactors for the treatment of Mine 364 00:25:46.000 --> 00:25:52.000 drain, tested in the 365 00:25:52.000 --> 00:25:58.000 late 80s early 1990s. This led to the publication of the bio 366 00:25:58.000 --> 00:26:04.000 reaction design manual 1983. Other bioreactors 367 00:26:04.000 --> 00:26:10.000 in Colorado will to 1998. 368 00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:19.000 near Holland, -- Helena Montana, 369 00:26:19.000 --> 00:26:25.000 in 2002. and included several case studies in the 370 00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:31.000 design document. Created in 2012. Early in 371 00:26:31.000 --> 00:26:37.067 this agricultural runoff. There were main woodchip base, 372 00:26:37.067 --> 00:26:43.067 in the main US, so rapid, we were 373 00:26:43.067 --> 00:26:55.000 able to have 2 to 18 grams per day, only in a 374 00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:58.000 few hours. 375 00:26:58.000 --> 00:27:02.000 Bioreactors in the conclusion, of the lifespan, should 376 00:27:02.000 --> 00:27:11.000 be measured in decades, and from 56 377 00:27:11.000 --> 00:27:17.000 bioreactors in paper 378 00:27:17.000 --> 00:27:22.000 average subs between later years it was 379 00:27:22.000 --> 00:27:28.000 different often they call for research on 380 00:27:28.000 --> 00:27:34.000 aging affects and conception sustained 381 00:27:34.000 --> 00:27:40.067 in that additional year DiAC defying 382 00:27:40.067 --> 00:27:44.067 permit barriers included only about 2 to 383 00:27:44.067 --> 00:27:49.000 3 percent of the carbonate consumed, there was a carbon supply to meet 384 00:27:49.000 --> 00:27:55.000 the need even for another 10 years or 385 00:27:55.000 --> 00:28:00.000 longer, those others evaluated the carbon availability and found 386 00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:05.000 under those conditions, we had 387 00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:11.000 a carbon content in the bioreactors, in about an order of 388 00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:18.000 37 years, and we can operate decades, before running 389 00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:24.000 out of carbon. 92% 390 00:28:24.000 --> 00:28:29.000 nitrate removal of carbons in year two, based on 391 00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:34.000 that extrapolation, it is expected to last 392 00:28:34.000 --> 00:28:42.067 for another 66 years for total of 80 years lifecycle 393 00:28:42.067 --> 00:28:48.000 also predicted, 39 years based upon the measured daily carbon laws 394 00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:53.000 and the carbon observation of 15% carbon 395 00:28:53.000 --> 00:28:56.000 content. 396 00:28:56.000 --> 00:29:01.000 >> This Segway is in the topic of longevity, and the 397 00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:07.000 effectors of longevity. Two common factors that 398 00:29:07.000 --> 00:29:11.000 warrant consideration. 399 00:29:11.000 --> 00:29:15.000 Carbon depletion, the setting up bioreactors, are demonstrating the 400 00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:21.000 carbons play which potentially lead decades, 401 00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:26.000 and the electrifying carbon, the depletion 402 00:29:26.000 --> 00:29:31.000 of inadequate sizing or the wrong source, published experience doesn't 403 00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:35.067 exist, it shows BCR, wearing out, we have 404 00:29:35.067 --> 00:29:40.067 seen experience occasions where the 405 00:29:40.067 --> 00:29:44.067 carbon is carried on top of the fine line, in general the indication 406 00:29:44.067 --> 00:29:49.000 is substrates will last a long time as 407 00:29:49.000 --> 00:29:55.000 they decompose for a long time on substrates. More 408 00:29:55.000 --> 00:30:01.000 significant time and factor to consider, is the properties of these substrates 409 00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:05.000 over time. Due to inorganic solutions, the consolidation through aging 410 00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:11.000 or precipitation of metals can impact the connectivity of 411 00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:15.000 the substrate double steps can be taken in these concerns over long-term 412 00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:21.000 performance in the BCR light. Consideration should 413 00:30:21.000 --> 00:30:28.000 be used, and should include more heterogeneous mix. You 414 00:30:28.000 --> 00:30:33.000 will see the precipitation is a major concern this process is broken 415 00:30:33.000 --> 00:30:39.067 into smaller manager units, for future maintenance, 416 00:30:39.067 --> 00:30:43.067 finally in the BCR substrate, maybe hydraulic 417 00:30:43.067 --> 00:30:46.000 conductivity and will decline over the life of the system I will talk 418 00:30:46.000 --> 00:30:51.000 more in one of our studies in this presentation. 419 00:30:51.000 --> 00:30:55.000 >> Now shifting to the case studies, the first case study the treatment 420 00:30:55.000 --> 00:31:01.000 system for coal mine 421 00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:07.000 in the southern West 422 00:31:07.000 --> 00:31:14.000 Virginia, Cormack, and the treatment system in Oklahoma, over 423 00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:19.000 the 11 years in operation of the systems, including 424 00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:24.000 two biochemical reactors and maintaining the substrates that 425 00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:29.000 are very minimal. I 426 00:31:29.000 --> 00:31:32.000 will then turn it over to Jim. 427 00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:37.067 >> Thank you. The examples from the coal mine country 428 00:31:37.067 --> 00:31:43.067 in West Virginia began in late 2000's, one of these 429 00:31:43.067 --> 00:31:49.000 standards reacted to this 4.7 micrograms per liter as a 430 00:31:49.000 --> 00:31:55.000 monthly average. And a daily max of 1.2. in the Valley 431 00:31:55.000 --> 00:32:02.000 feels used in surface mines, exposed rock, often 432 00:32:02.000 --> 00:32:08.000 including Marine shells, and also in 433 00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:14.000 contact with air, and the typical solarium 434 00:32:14.000 --> 00:32:20.000 is mobile, and over the accumulation which is toxic 435 00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.000 and potential. Higher than the 436 00:32:24.000 --> 00:32:28.000 standard conducted a pilot study in 2010 437 00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:33.000 for selenium treatment, and full scale treatment 438 00:32:33.000 --> 00:32:39.000 systems built and then operated since 2011. 439 00:32:39.000 --> 00:32:44.934 The working principles of Salome them -- Principles. 440 00:32:44.934 --> 00:32:49.934 In this condition biological remediated, 441 00:32:49.934 --> 00:32:54.934 a microbial community can convert into the process 442 00:32:54.934 --> 00:33:01.934 for reduction, this process has demonstrated to 443 00:33:01.934 --> 00:33:07.934 occur, and so much information is found in studies of wetlands, 444 00:33:07.934 --> 00:33:13.934 occurring in several weeks, Biochemical Reactors, 445 00:33:13.934 --> 00:33:16.934 occurring 1 to 2 days or less. 446 00:33:16.934 --> 00:33:20.934 Other process, in early sentiments absorption, in this form, where 447 00:33:20.934 --> 00:33:25.934 it can absorb these 448 00:33:25.934 --> 00:33:30.934 surfaces, some is volatile east, and this is been shown to see a 449 00:33:30.934 --> 00:33:37.000 big loss and effector and wetlands. We will 450 00:33:37.000 --> 00:33:43.000 take up 451 00:33:43.000 --> 00:33:47.934 this containing 452 00:33:47.934 --> 00:33:52.934 Selenium, insignificant levels using bioreactors. The pilot study test 453 00:33:52.934 --> 00:33:57.934 for different recipes of organic media, these types are 454 00:33:57.934 --> 00:34:03.934 ranging from Pete, and several mixtures including 455 00:34:03.934 --> 00:34:06.934 woodchips manure and limestone chips. 456 00:34:06.934 --> 00:34:12.934 These types varied in proportion of woodchips 457 00:34:12.934 --> 00:34:18.934 and manure thus mix reduced 458 00:34:18.934 --> 00:34:24.934 selenium by 90%, achieving the standard come the Pete mixture 459 00:34:24.934 --> 00:34:30.934 removes the selenium and is in a big process 460 00:34:30.934 --> 00:34:36.000 by absorption. Results of the pilot test and the removal rate, 461 00:34:36.000 --> 00:34:42.000 used to calculate several models, the mixed media 462 00:34:42.000 --> 00:34:47.934 beds have great rate, and shorter 463 00:34:47.934 --> 00:34:50.934 resident times. 464 00:34:50.934 --> 00:34:53.934 Optimal resident time for this water is on the order of 18 hours for 465 00:34:53.934 --> 00:34:59.934 treatment. This translate to 26 milligrams of Trent 466 00:34:59.934 --> 00:35:02.934 21 substrate. 467 00:35:02.934 --> 00:35:05.934 Of selenium. 468 00:35:05.934 --> 00:35:11.934 These rates will be different, when they have different 469 00:35:11.934 --> 00:35:19.934 concentration 1.7 milligrams per concentration based upon the 470 00:35:19.934 --> 00:35:25.934 sizing criteria is come the sizing was 471 00:35:25.934 --> 00:35:31.934 60 gram base flow, and treatment average of 12 per 472 00:35:31.934 --> 00:35:38.000 liter to four, 473 00:35:38.000 --> 00:35:42.000 less than 4.7. We see this mixed organic media under 474 00:35:42.000 --> 00:35:48.000 a two foot layer of water on up, from the first cell, they 475 00:35:48.000 --> 00:35:54.000 go in through the layer of peat, 476 00:35:54.000 --> 00:36:03.000 providing anaerobic particle capture, once we have 477 00:36:03.000 --> 00:36:09.000 put 16 ac, 478 00:36:09.000 --> 00:36:15.000 then final 479 00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:20.000 0.11 acre surface flow marsh. 480 00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:26.000 >> In an average outlet concentration of 481 00:36:26.000 --> 00:36:30.000 1.2 microglia, micrograms per liter. This is below the standard 482 00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:37.067 and all monthly standards average well 483 00:36:37.067 --> 00:36:41.067 below 4.7. Late winter or early spring concentration, increased 484 00:36:41.067 --> 00:36:46.000 to two or three micrograms per liter. 485 00:36:46.000 --> 00:36:52.000 Outlets winning concentration drop to less than one microgram per liter 486 00:36:52.000 --> 00:36:57.000 during the summer and autumn. This 487 00:36:57.000 --> 00:37:02.000 pattern stabilizes and pulsing into the system and storm events, 488 00:37:02.000 --> 00:37:08.000 and nonaffected levels each year, if the system is robust, 489 00:37:08.000 --> 00:37:12.000 it can respond to changing systems rapidly. The annual temperature 490 00:37:12.000 --> 00:37:18.000 range varies over 20 degrees centigrade, has little 491 00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:25.000 effect on Selenium concentrations, slight 492 00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:30.000 response we see in late winter and spring are closely related with 493 00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:38.067 the temperature per se. The colder winter water has a higher oxygen 494 00:37:38.067 --> 00:37:44.067 saturation country, and taking a look at the dynamic 495 00:37:44.067 --> 00:37:50.000 range of floats, with the 496 00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:56.000 flow and loads. Spring typically, 497 00:37:56.000 --> 00:38:02.000 the hydronic flow, and this 498 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:08.000 lasting system, and this mass loading 499 00:38:08.000 --> 00:38:12.000 versus mass removal extending over range of 10 times greater than the 500 00:38:12.000 --> 00:38:17.000 minimum. Removal rates track very closely along with 501 00:38:17.000 --> 00:38:21.000 other assessment of treatment performances of natural treatment centers. We 502 00:38:21.000 --> 00:38:30.000 have the three lines 1 line top line complete and then the 503 00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:36.067 bottom line the start then the mass [Indiscernible - 504 00:38:36.067 --> 00:38:40.067 low volume] also we see 505 00:38:40.067 --> 00:38:44.067 Pilate results for the full scale results in terms of 506 00:38:44.067 --> 00:38:50.000 hydraulic residence. This is the removal rate 507 00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.000 which is higher. Flows vary widely of 508 00:38:54.000 --> 00:39:00.000 the actual removal rate is lower with the greater residence 509 00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:06.000 time, finally indicating the removal rates. 510 00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:12.000 We've had the opportunity to take these apart to see 511 00:39:12.000 --> 00:39:17.000 where the selenium is being stored and what for. 512 00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:22.000 We seen this consistently, to indicate that the 513 00:39:22.000 --> 00:39:28.000 treatment process for Selenium removal relative to 514 00:39:28.000 --> 00:39:31.000 the unit range. This is the removal capacity of systems 515 00:39:31.000 --> 00:39:36.067 much less than what it exists in the biochemical reactor, 516 00:39:36.067 --> 00:39:38.067 this system is much greater in the actual sizes, that would indicate. 517 00:39:38.067 --> 00:39:44.067 And the additional capacity that we 518 00:39:44.067 --> 00:39:50.000 can proceed. Relating to the last observation, these sub studies. 519 00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:58.000 And in the reduced form are elemental -- We are seeing this 520 00:39:58.000 --> 00:40:03.000 in the blue. These findings show the process happens equally throughout 521 00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:09.000 the media column. Stepping 522 00:40:09.000 --> 00:40:12.000 back from what we need in any project, and the 523 00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:21.000 need to improve the quality of the outflow. Organic color will 524 00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:24.000 be present. 525 00:40:24.000 --> 00:40:30.000 And potentially sulfur, 526 00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:35.067 additional policies are needed. This figure shows a 527 00:40:35.067 --> 00:40:40.067 gravity cascade from the selenium bioreactor, and 528 00:40:40.067 --> 00:40:46.000 the systems. Coal mine example, this is a repeat filter bed 529 00:40:46.000 --> 00:40:50.000 and gravel bed location the 530 00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:56.000 system reduces significantly for the gravel bed 531 00:40:56.000 --> 00:41:02.000 and reduces nitrogen's 532 00:41:02.000 --> 00:41:08.000 phosphorus, this polishing shows 533 00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:12.000 the full coal mine and initially high 534 00:41:12.000 --> 00:41:17.000 and remained high for several weeks and drop to inlet levels 535 00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:22.000 during this period the dash line represents the up flow. Removed 536 00:41:22.000 --> 00:41:31.000 over 80% continuing to remains -- Remain low. As 537 00:41:31.000 --> 00:41:37.067 a concluding statement of this 538 00:41:37.067 --> 00:41:43.067 study the Coal 539 00:41:43.067 --> 00:41:49.000 Mac system, this is an appropriate size 540 00:41:49.000 --> 00:41:53.000 construction cost $765.000. less than the full 541 00:41:53.000 --> 00:41:58.000 cost of the membrane treatment system which 542 00:41:58.000 --> 00:42:01.000 was the backup treatment. 543 00:42:01.000 --> 00:42:04.000 This is much less than the full scale system in practice has been 544 00:42:04.000 --> 00:42:10.000 proven less. Based upon this success we have built 545 00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:16.000 a total of 13 using an integrated system demonstrated 546 00:42:16.000 --> 00:42:22.000 by the project, vertical flow 547 00:42:22.000 --> 00:42:27.000 bed, and subsurface gravel media bed. In conclusion for 548 00:42:27.000 --> 00:42:33.000 this clay on the case setting, this is 549 00:42:33.000 --> 00:42:37.000 a consistent performance thus far, and no indication of hydraulics 550 00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:39.000 or any issues requiring maintenance at all, the 551 00:42:39.000 --> 00:42:41.000 only cause consists of monitoring. 552 00:42:41.000 --> 00:42:45.934 Substrate enhancements or adjustment have been necessary none have 553 00:42:45.934 --> 00:42:53.934 been necessary. This is very low for treatment. Even after 554 00:42:53.934 --> 00:42:59.934 20 years or so, the replacement of substrate treatment. As 555 00:42:59.934 --> 00:43:03.934 an innovative technology, testing this over to BT for the 556 00:43:03.934 --> 00:43:09.934 second case history. 557 00:43:09.934 --> 00:43:16.934 >> Thank you Jim. 558 00:43:16.934 --> 00:43:21.934 >> As we have this study 559 00:43:21.934 --> 00:43:27.934 for this treatment system, in collaboration of our client, 560 00:43:27.934 --> 00:43:31.934 Dr. 561 00:43:31.934 --> 00:43:38.000 Robert Naim, they realize none of the crew has 562 00:43:38.000 --> 00:43:44.000 been studying hold 563 00:43:44.000 --> 00:43:49.934 decade, these expressed 564 00:43:49.934 --> 00:43:55.934 information allowing this 565 00:43:55.934 --> 00:44:01.934 and approximately 200 since [Indiscernible - 566 00:44:01.934 --> 00:44:06.934 low volume] and pretreatment prior to treatment with 567 00:44:06.934 --> 00:44:12.934 BCR, multiple process units are used 568 00:44:12.934 --> 00:44:18.934 to follow down by the mine coal 569 00:44:18.934 --> 00:44:24.934 discharge. Continuing with all data presented by 570 00:44:24.934 --> 00:44:28.934 our part, and the University of Oklahoma. What 571 00:44:28.934 --> 00:44:31.934 is this? 572 00:44:31.934 --> 00:44:38.000 >> What is your location? The new property allows within the Southwest 573 00:44:38.000 --> 00:44:43.000 portion in the north east corner of Oklahoma, this 574 00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:48.934 site is a portion of the abandoned lead, and the zinc 575 00:44:48.934 --> 00:44:53.934 mine area. Writing along mistake 576 00:44:53.934 --> 00:44:56.934 -- Riding along the state lines. 577 00:44:56.934 --> 00:45:01.934 >> In the district started in 578 00:45:01.934 --> 00:45:05.934 the late 1800s, and in the seven years, they have led 579 00:45:05.934 --> 00:45:14.934 to impact and highly impacted surface water quality. This was a 580 00:45:14.934 --> 00:45:20.934 mining oversight including communities, and 581 00:45:20.934 --> 00:45:26.934 10 medical tribes, from the 1890s to 582 00:45:26.934 --> 00:45:36.000 the 60s, -- Over 583 00:45:36.000 --> 00:45:42.000 26 hundred currently exist, 1979 metal 584 00:45:42.000 --> 00:45:47.000 rich waters where the iron. Again to discharge in 585 00:45:47.000 --> 00:45:52.000 the surface water for natural springs and minds shaft, the first current 586 00:45:52.000 --> 00:46:00.000 was there on the property. The mining district 587 00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:06.000 was added to the priorities list, for the 588 00:46:06.000 --> 00:46:15.000 Superfund site. Starting in 1997. your comprehensive 589 00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:21.000 monitoring program continuing to run to the state. The 590 00:46:21.000 --> 00:46:30.000 average map loading of metals that branch almost is 591 00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:36.067 based on this 592 00:46:36.067 --> 00:46:42.067 which started in 79. 90 8/10 of iron and zinc per year. 593 00:46:42.067 --> 00:46:48.000 Discharging to the watershed over 20 years 594 00:46:48.000 --> 00:46:54.000 before the Aqua system had been built. Once 980 595 00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:58.000 tons of iron and 70 tons of think, in 596 00:46:58.000 --> 00:47:01.000 the first 10 years of operation will demonstrate on the following 597 00:47:01.000 --> 00:47:04.000 slide. 598 00:47:04.000 --> 00:47:09.000 >> How does the system 599 00:47:09.000 --> 00:47:12.000 evolves? 600 00:47:12.000 --> 00:47:18.000 >> Bob began 601 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:20.000 to conceptualize the vision. 602 00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:26.000 With EPA, Dr. Nairn was able to first give that design and construction, 603 00:47:26.000 --> 00:47:30.000 and in that Dr. Nairn and Dr. Jacobs 604 00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:36.067 in the -- And Jacobs in the design frame. 605 00:47:36.067 --> 00:47:42.067 >> And precipitate iron, and in 606 00:47:42.067 --> 00:47:48.000 the solid to reiterate for 607 00:47:48.000 --> 00:47:54.000 those in the VCR, limestone 608 00:47:54.000 --> 00:48:00.000 beds were added, on 609 00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:06.000 the final prior to discharge, as discussed earlier 610 00:48:06.000 --> 00:48:10.000 in this system, anybody has the appropriate tools for this 611 00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:15.000 toolbox and laying out the components in the logical sequence, to manipulate 612 00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:20.000 the chemistry or the longevity of a 613 00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:26.000 healthy system, we layout the principal components of a system in the 614 00:48:26.000 --> 00:48:32.000 most fundamental concept of the biological treatment followed 615 00:48:32.000 --> 00:48:36.067 by posttreatment policy. In 616 00:48:36.067 --> 00:48:42.067 these systems, as a treatment system for the 617 00:48:42.067 --> 00:48:48.000 mine coal discharge, and the University of Oklahoma, funding from USEPA 618 00:48:48.000 --> 00:48:53.000 come design was completed in 2007 and construction 619 00:48:53.000 --> 00:48:59.000 done in June 2008. and in November 2008. approaching 620 00:48:59.000 --> 00:49:05.000 11 the entire tri-state, 621 00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:10.000 and develops for the last 15 years. A system 622 00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:16.000 that was designed down from an influent use 623 00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:31.000 in the process is 624 00:49:31.000 --> 00:49:37.067 including service flow. The reiteration plan and the bed 625 00:49:37.067 --> 00:49:43.067 react yours, there is been ON 626 00:49:43.067 --> 00:49:49.000 them this O&M vent we will discuss later in 627 00:49:49.000 --> 00:49:52.000 this presentation. 628 00:49:52.000 --> 00:49:58.000 From the artesian mind poll discharge, this meets 629 00:49:58.000 --> 00:50:03.000 the stream, receiving [Indiscernible 630 00:50:03.000 --> 00:50:08.000 - low volume]. Receiving 631 00:50:08.000 --> 00:50:09.000 criteria. 632 00:50:09.000 --> 00:50:15.000 >> This chart shows the average water quality for the 10 years 633 00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:21.000 in operation, for the tenures, key parameters pointed out are 634 00:50:21.000 --> 00:50:27.000 the iron. The dropping from 635 00:50:27.000 --> 00:50:33.000 192 milligrams, from 11 milligrams per 636 00:50:33.000 --> 00:50:38.067 liter, two 637 00:50:38.067 --> 00:50:41.067 0.25. 638 00:50:41.067 --> 00:50:45.000 >> If you look more closely at iron removal, 639 00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:51.000 you can see almost all is removed prior to the BCR, the bulk of the 640 00:50:51.000 --> 00:50:59.000 iron and the remaining, 20 grams 641 00:50:59.000 --> 00:51:04.000 of iron per square meter per day, after 10 years, Dr. Manning and 642 00:51:04.000 --> 00:51:10.000 his crew, had been 20.4. and 5.4 grams 643 00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:16.000 of iron per day. Pretty spot on. Another key 644 00:51:16.000 --> 00:51:22.000 observation led for all in various degrees. For the 645 00:51:22.000 --> 00:51:28.000 oxide salads in the first use of the 646 00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:31.000 unit. 647 00:51:31.000 --> 00:51:37.067 >> The known observation. 648 00:51:37.067 --> 00:51:46.000 Therefore were stable at a time 649 00:51:46.000 --> 00:51:52.000 it re-crystallizes for a more stable 650 00:51:52.000 --> 00:51:58.000 form the more stable iron oxide 651 00:51:58.000 --> 00:52:01.000 for removal. 652 00:52:01.000 --> 00:52:05.000 This photo shows taken from the surface on 653 00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:11.000 the left. In the picture from the 654 00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:17.000 deeper iron oxide sludge showing on 655 00:52:17.000 --> 00:52:19.000 the right. 656 00:52:19.000 --> 00:52:25.000 These dominant trace metals we will use for examples on 657 00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:31.000 the efficacy of the unit, and we will see 658 00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:37.000 the plan, 659 00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:40.000 Maine system. 660 00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:45.934 As part of 661 00:52:45.934 --> 00:52:50.934 the BSR, the trace mill 662 00:52:50.934 --> 00:52:55.934 load matching the productivity to come up with the appropriate 663 00:52:55.934 --> 00:53:01.934 sizing. Bob and his crew at BCR unit, generating 664 00:53:01.934 --> 00:53:07.934 between two, the 200 665 00:53:07.934 --> 00:53:13.934 and 400. All of the trace units entered in 666 00:53:13.934 --> 00:53:19.934 that unit. Looking up the substrate we 667 00:53:19.934 --> 00:53:25.934 found metal within the substrate samples. SCM 668 00:53:25.934 --> 00:53:31.934 on the left shows attached to the substrate, 669 00:53:31.934 --> 00:53:38.000 the photo on the right, shows this grain, and the top 670 00:53:38.000 --> 00:53:49.934 left which is known as a 671 00:53:49.934 --> 00:54:05.934 playwright -- Pyrite framboidal 672 00:54:05.934 --> 00:54:21.934 You see on the left the 673 00:54:21.934 --> 00:54:34.934 purple represents the organic sulfite, this 674 00:54:34.934 --> 00:54:41.000 can become more, and not much removal is 675 00:54:41.000 --> 00:54:44.934 in the system. 676 00:54:44.934 --> 00:54:50.934 In summary for the conservation of the entire system, we 677 00:54:50.934 --> 00:54:56.934 found lead and cadmium 678 00:54:56.934 --> 00:55:05.934 resulting in 150 kilograms lead and 15% of 679 00:55:05.934 --> 00:55:10.934 the cadmium has been removed. 680 00:55:10.934 --> 00:55:16.934 For a total of 750 metric tons of iron over the life of the 681 00:55:16.934 --> 00:55:22.934 system. 98.6% has been removed maybe we are 682 00:55:22.934 --> 00:55:28.934 in the wrong EPR unit, and over the life 683 00:55:28.934 --> 00:55:34.934 of the system. Other metals include cobalt both 684 00:55:34.934 --> 00:55:41.000 detection levels in the system 0.3 metric tons 685 00:55:41.000 --> 00:55:50.000 of arsenic, and 11 grams of 686 00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:56.000 coal but this is not a primary concern at this 687 00:55:56.000 --> 00:55:59.000 Superfund site. 688 00:55:59.000 --> 00:56:03.000 This desists, and only 31% of the input needed 689 00:56:03.000 --> 00:56:09.000 from the water of a total of two metric tons over the life 690 00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:13.000 of the system. Anything targeted if anything was targeted, 691 00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:22.000 this different treatment approach can be added to 692 00:56:22.000 --> 00:56:28.000 this design. The final figure shows in the system, 693 00:56:28.000 --> 00:56:33.000 these are not typically impacted significantly in the case of calcium 694 00:56:33.000 --> 00:56:37.067 or magnesium, and such can be 695 00:56:37.067 --> 00:56:45.000 used in the system. This demonstrates the 696 00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:51.000 removal, shown in the system, the final comment moving on in the 697 00:56:51.000 --> 00:56:57.000 session, it is very exciting with the consistency of 698 00:56:57.000 --> 00:57:00.000 this data. 699 00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:06.000 Publishing new papers yearly, I encourage you 700 00:57:06.000 --> 00:57:12.000 from oncology to the 701 00:57:12.000 --> 00:57:21.000 standpoint lookup.her Nairn 702 00:57:21.000 --> 00:57:25.000 website. Over 11 years now, 703 00:57:25.000 --> 00:57:31.000 not without some hydraulic issues, clog pipe, large 704 00:57:31.000 --> 00:57:36.067 wetland systems had to be removed and replaced, and 705 00:57:36.067 --> 00:57:41.067 probability had been shown after years of 706 00:57:41.067 --> 00:57:45.000 operations still removing metals after nine years of operation the 707 00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:53.000 prime minister -- The proactive move to rejuvenate 708 00:57:53.000 --> 00:57:59.000 the subset, the substrate was turned using a 709 00:57:59.000 --> 00:58:05.000 mini excavator. And water treatment, shut 710 00:58:05.000 --> 00:58:11.000 off and drained to be averted to the other BCR, 711 00:58:11.000 --> 00:58:17.000 and flip and allowed to refill, once operational the 712 00:58:17.000 --> 00:58:23.000 others was shut down so that it can be trained 713 00:58:23.000 --> 00:58:27.000 as well. During a partial shutdown this reinforces 714 00:58:27.000 --> 00:58:29.300 the efficiency of this. Did it 715 00:58:29.300 --> 00:58:29.968 work? 716 00:58:29.968 --> 00:58:37.067 >> In this conductivity measured in the lab, on 717 00:58:37.067 --> 00:58:41.067 samples taken during construction of 2008. 718 00:58:41.067 --> 00:58:47.000 variety of dates have studies performed in 2016. After eight years of 719 00:58:47.000 --> 00:58:56.000 operation, showing the hydraulic performance, and hydraulic can 720 00:58:56.000 --> 00:59:02.000 be evaluated, right after the substrate splits, these 721 00:59:02.000 --> 00:59:07.000 values, show maintenance efforts 722 00:59:07.000 --> 00:59:13.000 completely rejuvenate conductivity, after nine years of 723 00:59:13.000 --> 00:59:16.000 continuous operation. 724 00:59:16.000 --> 00:59:22.000 How much did this major O&M effort 725 00:59:22.000 --> 00:59:27.000 cost? $4000 while repairs to the piping 726 00:59:27.000 --> 00:59:33.000 in the pond where for a $400 roughly about $10.000. motor 727 00:59:33.000 --> 00:59:39.067 rising this amount of 10 years operation showing the cost of $800 per 728 00:59:39.067 --> 00:59:47.000 year in major O&M costs, these are approximately 729 00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:53.000 $10.000 a year most of the money spent with the lab 730 00:59:53.000 --> 00:59:55.000 monitoring data. 731 00:59:55.000 --> 01:00:01.000 In some several key points can be taken away. From this 732 01:00:01.000 --> 01:00:06.000 treatment system, they have had 11 years of consistent 733 01:00:06.000 --> 01:00:12.000 performance and minimal maintenance to restore 734 01:00:12.000 --> 01:00:17.000 hydraulic systems key maintenance based as opposed to chemical and 735 01:00:17.000 --> 01:00:23.000 mechanical maintenance such 736 01:00:23.000 --> 01:00:29.000 as animals, videos Haitians, storm 737 01:00:29.000 --> 01:00:33.000 damage, -- Vegetation and 738 01:00:33.000 --> 01:00:38.067 storm damage. And also we are having to do a 739 01:00:38.067 --> 01:00:42.067 fee for maintenance, and maintain an excellent rapport with 740 01:00:42.067 --> 01:00:48.000 the community and generally embrace the effort to clean up 741 01:00:48.000 --> 01:00:54.000 the area, as such, we've had minimal issues with trends 742 01:00:54.000 --> 01:01:00.000 on trespassing. Overall 743 01:01:00.000 --> 01:01:05.000 O&M is 10.000 per year, and major maintenance over 744 01:01:05.000 --> 01:01:11.000 the 11 year life of the project, this is an average cost of 745 01:01:11.000 --> 01:01:16.000 $.10 per thousand gallons of treatment. This is highlighted in 746 01:01:16.000 --> 01:01:24.000 ITRC guidance document as one success story. In conclusion I would 747 01:01:24.000 --> 01:01:28.000 like to state designed and managed properly, 748 01:01:28.000 --> 01:01:37.067 to meet this requirement of the system, this main 749 01:01:37.067 --> 01:01:43.067 concern of hydraulic activity 750 01:01:43.067 --> 01:01:48.000 these systems and current operations, there is no 751 01:01:48.000 --> 01:02:03.000 adverse trends completion 752 01:02:03.000 --> 01:02:08.000 substrate design should be geared towards maintaining a 753 01:02:08.000 --> 01:02:14.000 long-term conductivity. I would like to thank our 754 01:02:14.000 --> 01:02:23.000 collaborating partners, in particular Carrie Potter, 755 01:02:23.000 --> 01:02:26.000 and Dr. 756 01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:31.000 Robert Nairn, and 757 01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:35.000 students in the University of Oklahoma, and the engineering and science 758 01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:40.000 staff of Jacobs. 759 01:02:40.000 --> 01:02:44.000 >> All right thank you. I think we are going 760 01:02:44.000 --> 01:02:46.934 to move on to our Q&A period right now. I just want to remind the audience, 761 01:02:46.934 --> 01:02:52.934 if you have Russians or comments for either speakers continue to 762 01:02:52.934 --> 01:02:55.934 submit them in the lower right-hand corner of your 763 01:02:55.934 --> 01:03:00.934 screen, we had a few questions coming in already. I will start with those 764 01:03:00.934 --> 01:03:04.934 as more questions come in, we will try to address those picked the 765 01:03:04.934 --> 01:03:10.934 first question. In reference to the Coal Mac 766 01:03:10.934 --> 01:03:15.934 system, what work was done to project time to failure or 767 01:03:15.934 --> 01:03:21.934 that point where you needed to replace due 768 01:03:21.934 --> 01:03:25.934 to the Selenium exceeding the limits? 769 01:03:25.934 --> 01:03:28.934 >> Thank you for your question. 770 01:03:28.934 --> 01:03:32.934 I can answer that definitively in some 771 01:03:32.934 --> 01:03:39.000 ways, give me one chance. The first part. This is 772 01:03:39.000 --> 01:03:43.000 literally conceived in 2009. A 773 01:03:43.000 --> 01:03:46.934 system where there is a really long process of discussions. Negotiations 774 01:03:46.934 --> 01:03:50.934 with the EPA. And the local state 775 01:03:50.934 --> 01:03:55.934 regulators. So we looked at the history of chemical react yours, 776 01:03:55.934 --> 01:04:01.934 or Selenium treatment at that time, when the best go to examples 777 01:04:01.934 --> 01:04:07.934 in Colorado by the Bureau of recreation on the 778 01:04:07.934 --> 01:04:13.934 mind seepage -- The Mine seepage source, and 779 01:04:13.934 --> 01:04:19.934 showing a removal of Selenium in general 780 01:04:19.934 --> 01:04:23.934 projections of the lifespan, we knew there was at least one 781 01:04:23.934 --> 01:04:28.934 Case History out there that projected at least 10 to 20 782 01:04:28.934 --> 01:04:34.934 year timeframe. For the life and the media itself. And 783 01:04:34.934 --> 01:04:39.000 our loading here, from this particular site were relatively 784 01:04:39.000 --> 01:04:44.934 low. And lower than what we thought a typical outflow from the 785 01:04:44.934 --> 01:04:49.934 system. We felt this was an 786 01:04:49.934 --> 01:04:53.934 imbalance there. And that alone in itself, our confidence necessarily 787 01:04:53.934 --> 01:04:59.934 wasn't completely what it was hooked do 788 01:04:59.934 --> 01:05:03.934 in this system, if it didn't work. The company that we 789 01:05:03.934 --> 01:05:09.934 would be working with, was committed to a alternative 790 01:05:09.934 --> 01:05:15.934 design implementing a membrane treatment process as 791 01:05:15.934 --> 01:05:21.934 an active treatment step. This was 792 01:05:21.934 --> 01:05:24.934 substantially more to implement, and those implications 793 01:05:24.934 --> 01:05:30.934 in the framework in doing that at the time, if in fact the Selenium 794 01:05:30.934 --> 01:05:32.934 system failed. 795 01:05:32.934 --> 01:05:38.000 There was an alternative method of treatment proposed at 796 01:05:38.000 --> 01:05:42.000 the time, should there be a need, these days on projects what we are 797 01:05:42.000 --> 01:05:48.000 typically doing. Taking stock of the organic carbon within the media 798 01:05:48.000 --> 01:05:54.000 source, conducting pilot projects to develop 799 01:05:54.000 --> 01:05:59.000 carbon depletion rate and looking at the 800 01:05:59.000 --> 01:06:05.000 long-term nitrate. In these systems to calculate a 801 01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:11.000 total carbon demand, and at some 802 01:06:11.000 --> 01:06:13.000 point, outstrip of this demand. 803 01:06:13.000 --> 01:06:15.000 One thing I will say about the project. 804 01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:20.000 What we have seen there has been a slight decreasing trend 805 01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:24.000 in the Selenium coming into the system which 806 01:06:24.000 --> 01:06:30.000 is naturally a rate of depletion coming 807 01:06:30.000 --> 01:06:33.000 in. Gradual. 808 01:06:33.000 --> 01:06:37.067 And occurring. The expectation is in itself, it may 809 01:06:37.067 --> 01:06:42.067 be achieving standards after a couple of decades by itself without Passive 810 01:06:42.067 --> 01:06:51.000 Treatment. The working thought there, achieving these now and in the 811 01:06:51.000 --> 01:06:57.000 longer and there wouldn't be a failure so it is 812 01:06:57.000 --> 01:07:03.000 a bit of observation again at the last trends, I hope that answers 813 01:07:03.000 --> 01:07:07.000 your question. Please let us know if there is more I could say 814 01:07:07.000 --> 01:07:10.000 on it. 815 01:07:10.000 --> 01:07:16.000 Paul please don't 816 01:07:16.000 --> 01:07:17.000 hesitate to type in another message. 817 01:07:17.000 --> 01:07:23.000 >> Would you like to add anything to that BT? 818 01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:28.000 >> No I think you covered it. A one of those things 819 01:07:28.000 --> 01:07:37.067 that we found with these bioreactor substrates, 820 01:07:37.067 --> 01:07:40.067 to the migration system, it is more applicable if you have any medals 821 01:07:40.067 --> 01:07:45.000 in the system. You can go in and take 822 01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:51.000 substrate sampling, to look through to see 823 01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:56.000 we find with this Selenium accumulating at the top of the 824 01:07:56.000 --> 01:08:02.000 substrate. You can monitor that progress. 825 01:08:02.000 --> 01:08:06.000 Of health just by picking corners in that 826 01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:12.000 media. And aware of the removal which is still the 827 01:08:12.000 --> 01:08:18.000 highest. Again I think it is more applicable when you have medals 828 01:08:18.000 --> 01:08:22.000 or even a 829 01:08:22.000 --> 01:08:28.000 steak system. At really high levels, we have systems 830 01:08:28.000 --> 01:08:34.000 to cash, and breakout this 831 01:08:34.000 --> 01:08:40.067 and catch breaking it out into phases. 832 01:08:40.067 --> 01:08:46.000 >> Okay. We have another question 833 01:08:46.000 --> 01:08:52.000 on the Coal Mac project, what was the 834 01:08:52.000 --> 01:08:54.000 total area of the wetlands? 835 01:08:54.000 --> 01:08:57.000 >> Yes for John. 836 01:08:57.000 --> 01:09:00.000 >> The total area. Let me see here. 837 01:09:00.000 --> 01:09:04.000 I know the individual components, which is about an acre 838 01:09:04.000 --> 01:09:12.000 of treatment surface, if you add up this in the pulsing systems. 839 01:09:12.000 --> 01:09:16.000 This is the what surface area. The total 840 01:09:16.000 --> 01:09:20.000 footprint of the working area given the 841 01:09:20.000 --> 01:09:25.000 surrounding adjacent side slopes and the adjacent Valley, that 842 01:09:25.000 --> 01:09:29.000 is greater than that and the total area. The actual surface treatment, 843 01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:35.067 and the system providing most really the significant levels 844 01:09:35.067 --> 01:09:40.067 is.248 acres. 845 01:09:40.067 --> 01:09:43.067 Okay. 846 01:09:43.067 --> 01:09:47.000 >> Can you share your thoughts about 847 01:09:47.000 --> 01:09:53.000 using this Selenium technology in a 848 01:09:53.000 --> 01:09:59.000 PRB per meal -- 849 01:09:59.000 --> 01:10:06.000 Permeable reactor -- Do you 850 01:10:06.000 --> 01:10:08.000 want to take a shot at this? 851 01:10:08.000 --> 01:10:12.000 >> I'm thinking about a couple of projects 852 01:10:12.000 --> 01:10:15.000 here. 853 01:10:15.000 --> 01:10:21.000 >> For the bioreactor on this 854 01:10:21.000 --> 01:10:27.000 very design. For the drainage. We have this design for a barrier 855 01:10:27.000 --> 01:10:33.000 wall. PRV design 856 01:10:33.000 --> 01:10:38.067 for organic PRB in Ontario, which is in 857 01:10:38.067 --> 01:10:44.067 the funding stall right now, and we are looking and it is a 858 01:10:44.067 --> 01:10:50.000 plausible option. In the big challenge with PRB, being able to 859 01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:54.000 place a typical lower density material at depth 860 01:10:54.000 --> 01:11:00.000 below the ground level table to keep 861 01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:04.000 it there. It is more of construction challenge really then 862 01:11:04.000 --> 01:11:13.000 it is once you can get it built. We also 863 01:11:13.000 --> 01:11:19.000 looked at PRB where we have Doug 864 01:11:19.000 --> 01:11:24.000 30 foot diameter caissons, and use 865 01:11:24.000 --> 01:11:31.000 those, trying to get this 866 01:11:31.000 --> 01:11:40.067 elevated up into the aquifer, certainly there is 867 01:11:40.067 --> 01:11:47.000 room for conception 868 01:11:47.000 --> 01:11:52.000 and putting these into the groundwater system mainly a construction challenge 869 01:11:52.000 --> 01:11:56.000 to get it to work. 870 01:11:56.000 --> 01:12:03.000 >> I would use all of your points BT. One of those. In terms 871 01:12:03.000 --> 01:12:08.000 of operability and maintenance access, if there was a way to collect that 872 01:12:08.000 --> 01:12:14.000 groundwater flow, or create that ideally, nothing else but 873 01:12:14.000 --> 01:12:20.000 pumping it. You would be able to maintain 874 01:12:20.000 --> 01:12:26.000 your site, with relatively greater ease. And I think to dig 875 01:12:26.000 --> 01:12:29.000 up and a place for that media. 876 01:12:29.000 --> 01:12:35.000 It may last decades. And typically you 877 01:12:35.000 --> 01:12:39.000 can see that. It depends on the load, and 878 01:12:39.000 --> 01:12:44.000 at some point there is a future time where you do have to 879 01:12:44.000 --> 01:12:48.934 maintain this at 20 years, 40 years or 60 years, this comes part of 880 01:12:48.934 --> 01:12:54.934 the cost of the analysis on 881 01:12:54.934 --> 01:12:59.934 this, and to do it over again. It may be 882 01:12:59.934 --> 01:13:04.934 easy to do. In terms of overall access. 883 01:13:04.934 --> 01:13:13.934 And maintenance. Think with PRB as BT 884 01:13:13.934 --> 01:13:18.934 was saying. It is hard exactly, and there is 885 01:13:18.934 --> 01:13:24.934 a chance, stepping back I would say the biochemical 886 01:13:24.934 --> 01:13:32.934 process of Selenium removal, I think in 887 01:13:32.934 --> 01:13:38.000 terms they are comparable. There is another aspect of the 888 01:13:38.000 --> 01:13:43.000 long-term maintenance which we just mentioned there. 889 01:13:43.000 --> 01:13:45.934 >> Answering the question. 890 01:13:45.934 --> 01:13:50.934 Please correspond, on the follow-up for that. 891 01:13:50.934 --> 01:13:59.934 >> Sure. I will switch give a discussion and one of the 892 01:13:59.934 --> 01:14:03.934 participants wanted to know on sulfate removal and the 893 01:14:03.934 --> 01:14:05.934 ranch system can be improved specifically if 894 01:14:05.934 --> 01:14:10.934 you can get these technologies, and meet 895 01:14:10.934 --> 01:14:16.934 your sulfate standard of 250 milligrams per 896 01:14:16.934 --> 01:14:19.934 liter. 897 01:14:19.934 --> 01:14:25.934 >> So we have looked at this removal 898 01:14:25.934 --> 01:14:31.934 using bioreactor at a different site. We found the 899 01:14:31.934 --> 01:14:36.000 problem with the sulfate in the bioreactor, and 900 01:14:36.000 --> 01:14:43.000 then downstream. Typically there is not enough metal in 901 01:14:43.000 --> 01:14:48.934 the water to capture all of that sulfide, and 902 01:14:48.934 --> 01:14:53.934 it gets oxidizing goes back to sulfate. You need some kind 903 01:14:53.934 --> 01:14:59.934 of capture mechanism in the media or downstream. We found if you do 904 01:14:59.934 --> 01:15:05.934 what we call 905 01:15:05.934 --> 01:15:11.934 precipitation, this will feed 906 01:15:11.934 --> 01:15:22.934 into upload iron filings or iron oxide of sometime, 907 01:15:22.934 --> 01:15:27.934 the sulfate would react. 908 01:15:27.934 --> 01:15:31.934 >> Did we lose you BT? You may have lost you on 909 01:15:31.934 --> 01:15:36.000 the phone line BT? 910 01:15:36.000 --> 01:15:39.000 >> If you are there. It looks like he has been disconnected hopefully 911 01:15:39.000 --> 01:15:41.000 he will call back in. 912 01:15:41.000 --> 01:15:48.000 >> Should we move on to another question? 913 01:15:48.000 --> 01:15:51.000 >> To Leonard's question I could say an issue where we are 914 01:15:51.000 --> 01:15:57.000 highlighting is reactivation of reduce sulfide back to 915 01:15:57.000 --> 01:16:02.000 sulfate and how difficult it is to sustain a 916 01:16:02.000 --> 01:16:07.000 removal, and a removal of a lower sulfate coming out, if there 917 01:16:07.000 --> 01:16:11.000 is room in the concept of the foot print 918 01:16:11.000 --> 01:16:17.000 to consider. The passive media bed, before reacting, replacing 919 01:16:17.000 --> 01:16:23.000 not bed. We have definitely seen a 920 01:16:23.000 --> 01:16:28.000 significant reduction at or below the levels you are citing, 921 01:16:28.000 --> 01:16:33.000 a different kind of reactor bed to resemble the media 922 01:16:33.000 --> 01:16:39.067 bed, and the maintenance would be 923 01:16:39.067 --> 01:16:45.000 more frequent this sediment and 924 01:16:45.000 --> 01:16:53.000 the sulfate sedimentation and dissipation, should be 925 01:16:53.000 --> 01:16:56.000 a sample position it could be done. 926 01:16:56.000 --> 01:17:01.000 It's just that there might be going down the path, we 927 01:17:01.000 --> 01:17:06.000 can take a closer look at the active system. And I hope that answers 928 01:17:06.000 --> 01:17:08.534 some kind of response I be happy to follow-up if 929 01:17:08.534 --> 01:17:09.400 you need me to. 930 01:17:09.400 --> 01:17:13.000 >> Thank you. 931 01:17:13.000 --> 01:17:17.000 >> It looks like that did help with the question, Inc. 932 01:17:17.000 --> 01:17:20.000 you very much I appreciate the confirmation. 933 01:17:20.000 --> 01:17:26.000 >> Jim Lesher if you can handle this one, 934 01:17:26.000 --> 01:17:32.000 going back to me 935 01:17:32.000 --> 01:17:38.067 year rawer 936 01:17:38.067 --> 01:17:47.000 -- This certain type of environment a more 937 01:17:47.000 --> 01:17:53.000 physical parameter the trapping and the 938 01:17:53.000 --> 01:17:59.000 accumulation of particles this potential 939 01:17:59.000 --> 01:18:05.000 of hydraulics and distribution in the 940 01:18:05.000 --> 01:18:14.000 system. The solution at 941 01:18:14.000 --> 01:18:20.000 the ranch, and the 942 01:18:20.000 --> 01:18:27.000 many ones that they help distribute and recover, and 943 01:18:27.000 --> 01:18:33.000 help minimize that potential for solids accumulating per say. 944 01:18:33.000 --> 01:18:39.067 When you look at the literature, they have been 945 01:18:39.067 --> 01:18:45.000 shown to be applicable to a constructed surface flow, 946 01:18:45.000 --> 01:18:51.000 in the milligrams and leader range, 947 01:18:51.000 --> 01:18:56.000 and this will derive from some other stormwater, for our purpose 948 01:18:56.000 --> 01:19:01.000 we would look at evaluating the 20 to 50 949 01:19:01.000 --> 01:19:07.000 milligram per liter range, which is a useful target 950 01:19:07.000 --> 01:19:13.000 for this, at this may or ranch, 951 01:19:13.000 --> 01:19:19.000 we knew not much of it, we 952 01:19:19.000 --> 01:19:25.000 would have this concentration of solids moving 953 01:19:25.000 --> 01:19:37.067 through before it got to 954 01:19:37.067 --> 01:19:43.067 VCR -- BCR And those potential solids and what 955 01:19:43.067 --> 01:19:48.000 those are we see here you probably would need 956 01:19:48.000 --> 01:19:54.000 to date and that lower range if you were going 957 01:19:54.000 --> 01:20:00.000 to have that accumulation, and building enough as well as these 958 01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:06.000 internal storage areas, and the solid settling 959 01:20:06.000 --> 01:20:12.000 to expand the life by five or 960 01:20:12.000 --> 01:20:20.000 10 years I hope that was helpful? 961 01:20:20.000 --> 01:20:23.000 >> Yes indeed it did. 962 01:20:23.000 --> 01:20:29.000 >> Regarding the BCR and cost, can you 963 01:20:29.000 --> 01:20:35.067 talk about costs in flipping those BCR cells 964 01:20:35.067 --> 01:20:38.067 in Oklahoma? 965 01:20:38.067 --> 01:20:40.067 >> BT knows that go ahead. 966 01:20:40.067 --> 01:20:46.000 >> That site was flipped. Actually one of Bob's 967 01:20:46.000 --> 01:20:52.000 former students. They went out and self performed, and 968 01:20:52.000 --> 01:20:56.000 they were able to acquire local equipment 969 01:20:56.000 --> 01:21:02.000 come the students went out and had the capability 970 01:21:02.000 --> 01:21:05.000 to operate, they flipped it on their 971 01:21:05.000 --> 01:21:11.000 own, and they were able to do this at a little cheaper than perhaps 972 01:21:11.000 --> 01:21:17.000 a construction company might do. 973 01:21:17.000 --> 01:21:25.000 Fairly low cost and that you have to train 974 01:21:25.000 --> 01:21:28.000 the system down, and he will get your equipment and rotate 975 01:21:28.000 --> 01:21:34.000 that substrate around, and drive that path through it. Really 976 01:21:34.000 --> 01:21:37.067 it is pretty low tech. 977 01:21:37.067 --> 01:21:44.067 And here are the O&M cause's, and the equipment was 978 01:21:44.067 --> 01:21:50.000 $1900 to rent that, and building the route so 979 01:21:50.000 --> 01:21:56.000 that they didn't tear the liner. It was pretty 980 01:21:56.000 --> 01:22:00.000 low in labor. Student labor, and then 981 01:22:00.000 --> 01:22:05.000 miscellaneous price for about $4000. they were able to flip that substrate 982 01:22:05.000 --> 01:22:10.000 on both of these unit. 983 01:22:10.000 --> 01:22:15.000 >> How about the other part of the question? Following the 984 01:22:15.000 --> 01:22:18.000 event, where they being oxidized? 985 01:22:18.000 --> 01:22:22.000 Did Bob see that if you recall? 986 01:22:22.000 --> 01:22:25.000 >> I don't think so. 987 01:22:25.000 --> 01:22:31.000 This was the Mayer Ranch 988 01:22:31.000 --> 01:22:37.000 water was beginning with, the vicinity 989 01:22:37.000 --> 01:22:43.000 generated, by the generation of sulfite they flooded the 990 01:22:43.000 --> 01:22:45.934 system. 991 01:22:45.934 --> 01:22:49.934 Held it so that it can go back to anaerobic, before they turned it 992 01:22:49.934 --> 01:22:53.934 back on, it would be the process of draining and flipping, and re-flooding. 993 01:22:53.934 --> 01:22:57.934 Holding the water let's say a week in few 994 01:22:57.934 --> 01:23:03.934 days. And maybe reducing this again, and then turning the water 995 01:23:03.934 --> 01:23:10.934 back on. We haven't heard anything that there was a 996 01:23:10.934 --> 01:23:16.934 big log or metal rich water that came up, when we turn 997 01:23:16.934 --> 01:23:21.934 the system back on, I would error in caution that you would 998 01:23:21.934 --> 01:23:25.934 want to hold it for a few days, when you start backup, you would 999 01:23:25.934 --> 01:23:31.934 ease the flow back on the system, if there is a flush 1000 01:23:31.934 --> 01:23:38.000 in metals, we can dampen 1001 01:23:38.000 --> 01:23:44.000 that before going into the system, this is a benefit of the 1002 01:23:44.000 --> 01:23:51.934 ranch, and to train, this is a 1003 01:23:51.934 --> 01:24:00.934 dual operation. It is possible to have 2 BCR in sequence, 1004 01:24:00.934 --> 01:24:04.934 we have them in Columbia where we have them in 1005 01:24:04.934 --> 01:24:11.934 sequence, we could take that first one off-line, but the load all on 1006 01:24:11.934 --> 01:24:15.934 the second, and do maintenance on the first, or vice versa, take second 1007 01:24:15.934 --> 01:24:24.934 off-line, and do maintenance on it while we bypass from 1008 01:24:24.934 --> 01:24:30.934 the first BCR, mainly in the spring runoff when we have higher 1009 01:24:30.934 --> 01:24:34.934 flows, we need higher capacity, as long 1010 01:24:34.934 --> 01:24:39.000 as you try to time your maintenance. So that you are 1011 01:24:39.000 --> 01:24:43.000 doing the maintenance in the low flow, the single BTR should be 1012 01:24:43.000 --> 01:24:48.934 in the dual system and manage the water, in this design. 1013 01:24:48.934 --> 01:24:54.934 >> One of those, we don't have a lot of those quote 1014 01:24:54.934 --> 01:25:02.934 unquote failures in the field. The part where they did a really in 1015 01:25:02.934 --> 01:25:05.934 depth survey of these failed systems. 1016 01:25:05.934 --> 01:25:11.934 A lot of this. Is poor design. Or undersized 1017 01:25:11.934 --> 01:25:17.934 design or change in water chemistry. Or hearing 1018 01:25:17.934 --> 01:25:21.934 a designer after the changes done 1019 01:25:21.934 --> 01:25:27.934 so dramatically, there's a lot to go on in the early stages of 1020 01:25:27.934 --> 01:25:31.934 designing itself. To determine long-term 1021 01:25:31.934 --> 01:25:32.934 performance. 1022 01:25:32.934 --> 01:25:38.000 >> Well I hate to cut it short here, we are at the scheduled end time 1023 01:25:38.000 --> 01:25:44.067 at 3 PM. What we will do is closeout our 1024 01:25:44.067 --> 01:25:50.000 Q&A period, I appreciate those who send questions in, Kate I know 1025 01:25:50.000 --> 01:25:54.000 there are some materials you want to cover before we close out today? 1026 01:25:54.000 --> 01:26:01.000 >> I will recall your last slide of, feel free to go through 1027 01:26:01.000 --> 01:26:05.000 before the final reminders to close things out. 1028 01:26:05.000 --> 01:26:09.000 >> BT and Jim thank you for your presentation I think informative 1029 01:26:09.000 --> 01:26:15.000 and a great follow-up on presentations that we've had at the 1030 01:26:15.000 --> 01:26:16.000 symposium events. 1031 01:26:16.000 --> 01:26:22.000 As I alluded to in the beginning of the webinar 1032 01:26:22.000 --> 01:26:27.000 the EPA SAME collaborations, you will see 1033 01:26:27.000 --> 01:26:33.000 the next four months schedules, and mix of array 1034 01:26:33.000 --> 01:26:36.067 of topics, if any of these appeal to you or your colleagues, I suggest 1035 01:26:36.067 --> 01:26:41.067 that you send them out encourage them 1036 01:26:41.067 --> 01:26:46.000 to attend. In addition I just want to put a plug in, we have a day 1037 01:26:46.000 --> 01:26:52.000 and a half designing construction, 1038 01:26:52.000 --> 01:26:57.000 symposium scheduled April 3. 2020. We have 1039 01:26:57.000 --> 01:27:01.000 150 attendings approximately 30 the 30% public-sector 1040 01:27:01.000 --> 01:27:07.000 and remaining being private sector the call for abstract is open and 1041 01:27:07.000 --> 01:27:11.000 a call for moderators through December 1042 01:27:11.000 --> 01:27:15.000 13th, if you are interested please feel free to take a look at the 1043 01:27:15.000 --> 01:27:22.000 link on the PowerPoint. Register and look at the abstract, we have 1044 01:27:22.000 --> 01:27:24.000 a great case study we would love to have an abstract from you all 1045 01:27:24.000 --> 01:27:27.000 there. 1046 01:27:27.000 --> 01:27:31.000 >> With that Jean I will turn it over 1047 01:27:31.000 --> 01:27:33.000 for closing. 1048 01:27:33.000 --> 01:27:41.067 >> Let me start our final reminder, thank you to both speakers today. 1049 01:27:41.067 --> 01:27:44.067 We really appreciate your time and expertise. Number of 1050 01:27:44.067 --> 01:27:48.000 participants have already thanked me for the session today. I want 1051 01:27:48.000 --> 01:27:52.000 to thank the 100 individuals join in his 1052 01:27:52.000 --> 01:27:55.000 life for the broadcast we appreciate you participating and sharing your 1053 01:27:55.000 --> 01:28:01.000 comments for the speakers. Those of you looking for 1054 01:28:01.000 --> 01:28:09.000 copies, we have a PDF copy available to download on the resource 1055 01:28:09.000 --> 01:28:13.000 link page. And also for organizers if you have additional questions, 1056 01:28:13.000 --> 01:28:17.000 we can replay today's session if you have follow-up questions on 1057 01:28:17.000 --> 01:28:22.000 the topic today. I would ask each of you to fill out the 1058 01:28:22.000 --> 01:28:26.000 feedback form let us know what you thought about the 1059 01:28:26.000 --> 01:28:29.000 delivery. In the way and the content. 1060 01:28:29.000 --> 01:28:35.067 If we 1061 01:28:35.067 --> 01:28:40.067 offer CEU's we can provide you with the certificate 1062 01:28:40.067 --> 01:28:46.000 you can save, often times that's enough to verify 1063 01:28:46.000 --> 01:28:51.000 and occupant a documentation for your credit 1064 01:28:51.000 --> 01:28:55.000 for your own affiliation please enter 1065 01:28:55.000 --> 01:29:01.000 your email address correctly check the box certifying that you 1066 01:29:01.000 --> 01:29:06.000 are here you will have access to a certificate 1067 01:29:06.000 --> 01:29:11.000 that looks like the sample will have all of the 1068 01:29:11.000 --> 01:29:15.000 details on the session. If you happen to participate in a group each person 1069 01:29:15.000 --> 01:29:18.000 can actually fill out the form on their own, whether they individually 1070 01:29:18.000 --> 01:29:24.000 registered or not I would ask those of you who sent 1071 01:29:24.000 --> 01:29:33.000 their and, share the URL to get 1072 01:29:33.000 --> 01:29:39.067 there old number and their feedback in. 1073 01:29:39.067 --> 01:29:45.000 If you are lucky REAP there under the 1074 01:29:45.000 --> 01:29:50.000 Q&A level, share feedback to get 1075 01:29:50.000 --> 01:29:54.000 it participation certificate thank you for joining 1076 01:29:54.000 --> 01:29:58.000 today's session we will formally conclude today's broadcast thank 1077 01:29:58.000 --> 01:30:01.000 you so much for joining us. 1078 01:30:01.000 --> 01:30:06.000 >> Thank you very much Jean, thank you everybody.