WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 To, the Srp. Progress and Research Webinar Series. Research across Disciplines. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 This is the second session, titled Heavy Metals and Native American Communities. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 This webinar is sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Super Fund Research Program. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 My name is Brittany Trachier, and I'm a health specialist with Nihs superfund research program we'll get started in a few moments. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 But while we wait for others to log on and get them so settled in, I'd like to cover a few housekeeping items. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 So when you register for today's webinar, you should have received the confirmation email with instructions to join us through the live event. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 We also sent the same details and a reminder email yesterday, if there's email to point you both to this, I'm gonna we'll both point you to the seminar homepage I encourage you to check it out as there are important pieces. 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Moderators. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 But before we begin we wanted to get some feedback as to why those who joined us, they are interested in this webinar. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 A poll should have just popped up on your screen, and we would like for you to please answer the questions in the poll that is most appropriate to you. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 I'll give everybody a second or 2. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Answer, that? 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Alright hopefully. Everybody has had a chance to answer that question and submit those poll results. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Alright, and if we get the next slide, I think there's one more slide. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 So, and the disclaimer. The presentation has been provided as a part of the Us. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Environmental Protection Agency, Webinar. The document does not constitute EPA policy. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use listed non EPA, websites do not imply any official EPA endorsement of, or a responsibility for, the opinions ideas data or products presented at those locations or 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 guaranteed the validity of the information provided links to non EPA servers are provided solely as a pointer to information that might be useful to EPA. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.000 Staff and to the public, and with those housekeeping items I believe we are ready to get started and jump on it. 00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:09.000 So now it is my pleasure to introduce a speakers for our first presentation, so we will start with the University of New Mexico. 00:00:09.000 --> 00:00:18.000 Superfund Research Center, we are joined by Dr. Angela Motendani, and this is a professor in the Department of Civil Construction Environmental Engineering. Dr. 00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:22.000 Alicia Bolt, an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Dr. 00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:32.000 Jose Serrato, and an associate professor and regent seler, in the Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering, and is also the deputy director of the Unm Medals Superfund Research Center. So thank you. 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:38.000 All for being here today. And, Dr. Sinatra, I'll turn it over to you. 00:00:38.000 --> 00:00:48.000 Thank you so much Bridney. It's an honor and pleasure for us to participate in this webinar, so we wouldn't like to share the vision for phase. 00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:52.000 2 of the a University of New Mexico medals exposure and Toxicity. 00:00:52.000 --> 00:00:55.000 Assessment on tribal lands in the Southwest. 00:00:55.000 --> 00:01:06.000 So these acronyms stems for medals, of course, because that's what we a a for decades now, with with a group. 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:16.000 So I really appreciate the opportunity to present on behalf of our center. So I am the deputy director now, Johnny Lewis is that director. 00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:20.000 But she retired from the University of New Mexico a year ago. 00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:24.000 So we are in that transition of leadership right now. 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:29.000 So it is a very exciting moment for our center, and that's why. 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:36.000 Well, I decided to present today, and also would like to feature some of our superstar investors from the center. 00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:41.000 So Angela, Emojandani and Alicia Bolt, as were mentioned earlier, so we would like to thank the College of Pharmacy. 00:01:41.000 --> 00:01:55.000 The super fund program. A. Our colleagues in Stanford University, which we collaborate the Southwest Research and Information Center, and of course, a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for the Support. 00:01:55.000 --> 00:02:00.000 So? Why medals? A. The realities that we have a. 00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:05.000 This legacy, and it depends on who you ask. They will give you different numbers. 00:02:05.000 --> 00:02:09.000 So this is a a map that was a assembled a some time ago. 00:02:09.000 --> 00:02:19.000 I, in collaboration with a Johnny Lewis, Joe Hoover, and Deb Mccenzie, which shows that about half of indigenous population is in Thursday and Western States, in the Us. 00:02:19.000 --> 00:02:27.000 Where there are about a hundred 61,000 abundant heroes. And again, it depends who you ask this number could be even higher. 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:28.000 So there is traditional resilience on local resources. 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:45.000 So, of course, these resources are used for agriculture in other daily practices of the communities, including is ceremonial, so these definitely can increase, risk risk. 00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:54.000 For exposure. So our goals is to advance that basic science needed to understand this relationships between metal mixtures and toxicity. 00:02:54.000 --> 00:03:17.000 And of course, complex because of the unique. A cultural context of of our tribal community partners, and then understand through multidirectional communication and translation how a culture and practice in in all stakeholders can unite and really assess you know how this exposure toxicity policy and 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:27.000 interventions can be a one useful to develop a well, you know new strategies for both risk assessment and risk reduction. 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:33.000 So none of these would be possible, of course, without the invaluable support of our community partners. 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:43.000 So these are just some pictures illustrating different that community events that we have held over the years to listen to community concerns. 00:03:43.000 --> 00:03:53.000 And then this helps us to frame our questions and research so that it can be as responsible as possible to our community partner. 00:03:53.000 --> 00:03:57.000 So we are, of course, very honored, very thankful for this. 00:03:57.000 --> 00:04:03.000 A collaborations, and also very humble, because, if anything, I can tell you, I am always very humbled by how much I struggle, communicating often right. 00:04:03.000 --> 00:04:24.000 Our Western science, to our community. So it is definitely an iterative effort where I personally learn a lot, and the progress that we have made is a based on some, premises that I would like to a expose here. 00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:28.000 So that first one is that we definitely have identified nanoparticles. 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:33.000 Of uranium-bane maring minerals. But of course uranium doesn't occur alone. 00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:51.000 If you're a geologist, you know that there are many other elements that co-cure, and in our research we definitely have detected at least that co occurrence of your enemy, financial arsenic and other medals which constitute these mixtures, especially in a solid a sample so in this 00:04:51.000 --> 00:04:57.000 solid samples obtained from mind. Waste, as you can imagine, are the ones that have the highest concentration. 00:04:57.000 --> 00:05:05.000 So in, a if you live here in the Southwest, or you've visited February and April, we get a lot of wind. 00:05:05.000 --> 00:05:15.000 So then we have identified airborne dos and weathering products that also have been transported right in then they contain these metal mixtures. 00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:18.000 And again, you know this, a not only have we detected that these metal mixtures are cure, but many of them occur in particular matters. 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:35.000 Smaller than 2.5 microrons, which is highly respirable, and then also a let's keep in mind that there is regulation for water, but we have no regulations for particulate matter. 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:40.000 So this is, a, you know, an ongoing concern with our community. 00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:43.000 So also we have seen that plants associated with phone. 00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:52.000 I cannot take uranium and arsenic. So we're looking at this as a means of understanding risk assessment, but also recent reduction through bio remedies. 00:05:52.000 --> 00:06:00.000 So on our biological projects. We have seen that there's minimal uptake of uranium ingested, so high exposure of intestinal immune cells. 00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:23.000 And and we identified a new organ to target which is the god and also we are very curious about the microbiome in that got so additionally, we have definitely identified related to the environmental a results that I presented earlier that this a airborne particles can be inhaled in 00:06:23.000 --> 00:06:43.000 exposed a, you know, to a cause. Toxicity and health concerns, and we have a, you know, done some very nice work with our collaborators in the health sciences, indicating, you know, DNA damage and cardiovascular issues and other health outcomes that 00:06:43.000 --> 00:07:01.000 we have are definitely interested on. And then also, we have a developed, an appropriate culture and community planning with an intervention a pro project called a thinking Sink, which is a very fascinating project that we have been a thankful that the community has Us. 00:07:01.000 --> 00:07:09.000 Or the communities have supported us. And finally we repeated by a monitoring in multiple exposures. 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:14.000 So include. Of course, this varying mixture. So that's what we're trying to understand. 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:19.000 Now in this second phases, in more detail, a, you know, this episodic event. 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:23.000 So, and of course there are still concerns. With immunities, regulation, and with, of course, COVID-19. 00:07:23.000 --> 00:07:31.000 So sustainability and susceptibility, so finally, the specific games for our phase 2 is a first one. 00:07:31.000 --> 00:07:49.000 Understand the mechanisms. For this you medals and metal mixtures and there is a systematic, immune responses in direct modulation and environmentally relevant processes that could affect a risk assessment and risk reduction. 00:07:49.000 --> 00:07:58.000 So second would be the development of intercepts or interventions built in name. One. 00:07:58.000 --> 00:08:13.000 But that are based of course, on culturally responsible practices, so that we can again focus on reducing these risks in informing our communities with respect to how we design our biological and environmental studies. 00:08:13.000 --> 00:08:17.000 So this is a bidirectional information. As I said before. 00:08:17.000 --> 00:08:39.000 Then we continue to ensure strong translation and communication with our partners, to hopefully drive decision makers, the initians and other stakeholders to make decisions, and finally bringing together diverse institutions in a broader range of indigenous communities so that we can enhance our team science 00:08:39.000 --> 00:08:58.000 and training. So this is a beautiful image that my good friend Mallory Kotzoke, with the artist of our group, made for us, and it illustrates how our group comes together with this different biomedical and environmental a projects to assess a holistic view that is culturally 00:08:58.000 --> 00:09:16.000 respective, respectful, sorry, and end also a. We are trying to make sure to continue to build trust, because that is definitely our target and our responsibility, and that can only do it be done by spending time and effort on this relationships. 00:09:16.000 --> 00:09:24.000 So we do have the scores. So that community engagement, that trainee which is a key part, of course, of our center. 00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:25.000 And finally, administrative core in our data management and analysis course. 00:09:25.000 --> 00:09:35.000 So I will pass it now to Angela Emjan, who will talk about our environmental project. 00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:39.000 Perfect. Well, thank you so much for being here today, my name is Anjali. 00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:44.000 I am the co-lead for one of the environments projects, and I'll be talking about both of them today. 00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:53.000 So if you could take us to the next slide, Jose, just to kind of ground you on where you are, I want you to directorize to the bottom half of your screen. 00:09:53.000 --> 00:09:57.000 We have 2 environments, science and engineering projects. The first is Pm. 00:09:57.000 --> 00:10:04.000 Which stands for particulate matter. Here we're looking at particulate matter in dust and the concentration character. 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:20.000 Is it characterizing it and looking at uptake into agriculture, and then on the left hand side, we have Ese remed, which stands for remediation, which then looks at how we can clean up the uranium arsenic vanadium or other abandoned wind waste if you could take us to 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:25.000 the next slide. So our goals with our environmental projects are threefold. 00:10:25.000 --> 00:10:34.000 The first is to assess how much and characterize the metals that are present in several different parts of the mine. 00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:47.000 The waste, the soils inside and outside the mine, and then the air that blows in the dust coming off of these mines, when we can then understand how much of these metals are present, or the characteristics of those metals. 00:10:47.000 --> 00:10:48.000 We can then go to the next step, which is looking at. 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:53.000 Whether these metals are taken up by agricultural products. 00:10:53.000 --> 00:11:04.000 The communities that we partner with such as Laguna Pueblo, or the Navajo nation, are heavily relying on agriculture, such as corn as their primary industry. 00:11:04.000 --> 00:11:10.000 So here we want to look at whether these metals are taken up and whether there's these food products are safe to eat. 00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:25.000 And then, finally, we want to look at how we can clean up these mine ways. So we're looking at naturally available materials and processes like limestone are like bioremediation for cleaning up water soils or waste thank you. 00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:32.000 So so on this slide, I want to talk about how we are co-creating knowledge with our community partners. 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:52.000 We are creating research questions hand in hand with community partners, and as we come up with results in the lab, we are finding new creative ways to take those results back to the community to continue to answer their questions and create new questions, so starting in the top left, this here is an image of collecting samples with 00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:57.000 our community partners. When we take those samples back to the lab, we then characterize. 00:11:57.000 --> 00:12:01.000 Whether those metals are taken up by, say, plant roots shoots, or fruits in the middle top you can see this is an image that was created by September. 00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:11.000 Benson, looking at concentrations that are present in different parts of the plant in the bottom, right? 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:21.000 This is a color by numbers, image that was created by Karen Associate, in which we can then talk to kids of different ages about where medals are present. 00:12:21.000 --> 00:12:27.000 In this? Oh, communities. We then have our that was created by our artist in residence, Mallory, Kapaki, and those are the 2 images in the bottom. 00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:34.000 The bottom left is an image of lacuna Pueblo, the Chai cliffs. 00:12:34.000 --> 00:12:48.000 You can see the dust particles that are suspended in the air, and that represents metals in the dust and at the bottom we have Phyto remediation depicted by these flowers looking at natural processes to clean up the medals in the bottom. 00:12:48.000 --> 00:13:04.000 Center this is a an image called extraction and remediation, that, again, is talking about legacy, extraction of uranium, and then Phyto remediation, or other natural processes bringing hope to our lands, and in the top right we're looking at air sampling so how we can 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:09.000 collect dust, samples, and understand metals in the dust which takes me to the next slide. 00:13:09.000 --> 00:13:15.000 Please Jose and our first environmental project, which is Ese, environmental science and engineering particulate math. 00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:23.000 And this is led by Adrian. Next slide. Please. 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:37.000 The goals of this project are to evaluate the transport and bioavailability of your uranium-bearing minerals in waste soils and airborne particles associated with mines as Jose mentioned during the first part of the metal center. 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:55.000 We were looking at characterizing the dust particles, and we found nanoparticles of uranium in these deaths so now what we want to do is understand whether these uranium particles are taken up by agriculture and then finally, come in both of those 2 aims and looking at 00:13:55.000 --> 00:14:10.000 historical dust, transport, and depositional processes and pathways, and seeing how that is going to impact agricultural lands near these abandoned mines, our second environmental project is Ese remediation this here is co-ed by jose myself. 00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:14.000 And Jennifer Rogers, next slide. 00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:20.000 Here we are looking at remit bio remediation, using natural available plants and fungi. 00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:23.000 So these are root Associated Fungi, or endophytic Fungi. 00:14:23.000 --> 00:14:37.000 During phase one of metals, we found that root under phytic fungi could help mobilize metals onto within the fungi are on the roots of plants and actually help these plants grow even more abundantly. 00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:57.000 So we want to take that work further and look at mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these fungi and planets that are naturally already growing at or outside of the mine, and then create bioreactors that would then manipulate temperature humidity or use naturally available waters that would 00:14:57.000 --> 00:14:58.000 be present at the mine to see whether these plants continue to grow as they would, or what conditions we could. 00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:07.000 Maybe use them in to work on remediating the metals in these minds. 00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:09.000 Next slide that takes us to our biomedical products, projects. 00:15:09.000 --> 00:15:14.000 And I will hand this off to Alicia Bolt. Thank you. 00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:18.000 Good afternoon, everybody. It's so nice to be here with you today. 00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:24.000 My name is Alicia Boltz I'm an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the College of Pharmacy. 00:15:24.000 --> 00:15:31.000 Here at, and I'm going to highlight our biomedical projects that we have in our center next slide. 00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:39.000 Please, so again to orient you back to this beautiful image that really illustrates how all of the center interacts with each other. 00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:43.000 To really answer the question of How is exposure to this mind? 00:15:43.000 --> 00:15:51.000 Waste and the metal mixtures that are found there affecting human health and also affecting the environment and so the biomedical medical projects are really centered. 00:15:51.000 --> 00:15:57.000 On looking at 2 important routes of exposure, you can see here in the middle of our slide, we have inhalation. 00:15:57.000 --> 00:16:01.000 So we're focused on the lungs. And we call that bioproject long. 00:16:01.000 --> 00:16:18.000 And then this is a new project that really arose from community concerns, but also from the work that the environmental projects did to really identify nanoparticles of these metals that are present in the environment, and that that could be a very important route of exposure that we weren't looking at 00:16:18.000 --> 00:16:24.000 in phase, one of the super fund, and then second biomedical project is looking at the guts. 00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:31.000 And again we were really interested because of looking at. How does Oral exposure to these metals affect immune system? 00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:47.000 It affect our immune system? In what ways and what we found during that first phase was that we really saw that there was a high concentration of these metal mixtures that were actually staying in the intestines, and not being absorbed systemically and so that really shifted 00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:54.000 our focus to looking at immune dysregulation in the gut, instead of more systemically in places like the spleen or the bone marrow. 00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:59.000 And so that project really has gotten some very exciting data from phase one that is now building interface 2. 00:16:59.000 --> 00:17:05.000 And then the third biomedical project is called Biomedical Bp. 00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:25.000 Community, or Bp. Com, and I feel that that really ties together some of these other 2 routes of exposures, because this is really focused on looking at health effects in these communities that are exposed to these heavy metals mixtures and trying to understand how exposure can play a role in disease but also understanding 00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:28.000 how exposure is happening when it? When does it happening? 00:17:28.000 --> 00:17:36.000 What routes of exposure and what to what types of metals next slide, please. 00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:45.000 So the goals of the biomedical projects first are to really evaluate human exposure levels, and how living we are in proximity to this mind. 00:17:45.000 --> 00:18:02.000 Waste effects, exposure, and, as Jose mentioned during the initial introductory slides, we've seen some very interesting episodic exposures and so one of the main emphasis is of this phase, 2 is to really understand why is some people getting exposed to medals only 00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:03.000 for a day or 2, and then it goes back down, and then it increases again. 00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:08.000 So what's happening there? What is their lifelike? 00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:13.000 What is their exposure? Routes like during those times of high expectosure, and being able to drill down to what's going on so that we can hopefully understand what exposure is. 00:18:13.000 --> 00:18:33.000 And then also how to model that better in our studies. Second goal is to assess how exposure to aandoned uranium mine was affects human health, and one of the focuses that we've been focusing on even since phase one was really looking at immune dysregulation. 00:18:33.000 --> 00:18:51.000 And this is mainly because of community concerns again, and seeing increase levels of immune autoimmune diseases in these communities, but also because we understand mechanistically that metals such as arsenic, can can cause immune suppression and so how do these metals mechanistically drive this and 00:18:51.000 --> 00:19:07.000 lead to immune dysregulation, and then understanding how these metal mixtures can work together to reprogram the immune response that can contribute to diseases like autoimmunity or cancer next slide again, we'd like to highlight some of the ways. 00:19:07.000 --> 00:19:09.000 That we have communicated to the community and worked with the community to answer questions and provide answers back to the community. 00:19:09.000 --> 00:19:20.000 And so in our top left here. I really love this image. 00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:30.000 This is an image of a handout that we had used to start asking and discussing health questions with community members during our community events during our community events during our community events. 00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:35.000 So getting people to start thinking about what kind of concerns do they have about exposure to this mind? 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:40.000 Waste. And what are the things that they really want to know when it comes to their health in the center? 00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:48.000 Here you can see multiple pictures of community events where we have listening sessions or information sessions with our community partners during the feast days, where we can go in and have these handouts and start generating costs. 00:19:48.000 --> 00:20:02.000 And then another way that we have really effectively been able to work with our communities is through art. As we've talked about. 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:09.000 So in the right here, this is actually one of our Unm students from the Laguna Puebla, one of our partnering communities. 00:20:09.000 --> 00:20:26.000 And he is working with our projects, with a lot of our environmental projects to look at what are the negative effects of this mind waste on his own land, and he has been here is some artwork that he has provided that really reflect how he feels about the exposures and the risks that are associated with that and 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:31.000 how it's affected him and his community. And then in the bottom, left hand side. 00:20:31.000 --> 00:20:35.000 Here it's some more beautiful artwork by Mallory Kotaki. 00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:43.000 The first image is really showing how these metals, such as arsenic and uranium, can cause DNA damage and break apart that DNA. 00:20:43.000 --> 00:20:59.000 And then a lot of the exciting work that has been done in phase, one looking at the role of zinc to be able to mitigate those that damage, and you can see here the zinc is these blue balls that are representing rethreading of the DNA strand and sewing 00:20:59.000 --> 00:21:12.000 it back together to health and restoration. And so again, this has been a very effective way to be able to really communicate what's going on at a level that people can really resonate with next slide. 00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:23.000 So the first biomedical project is Bp. Law, and it is initiated by myself as well as Katherine Zakowski, Sarah Blossom and Matthew Campon. 00:21:23.000 --> 00:21:35.000 Next slide. So this project, like I mentioned, is really evaluating how exposure to these metal mixtures and these particulate forms of that specifically, and it contributes to immune dysfunction in the development of autoimmunity. 00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:38.000 And if you look at the image here on the right, you can see that we're really interested in 2 major mechanisms. 00:21:38.000 --> 00:21:45.000 We're looking at activation of immune responses within the long after inhalation. 00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:46.000 And we're interested in looking at changes in the Nlrp. 00:21:46.000 --> 00:21:57.000 3 and flammosome activation. And we're also interested in understanding better how neutrophiles can become activated forming these extracellular traps or nets. 00:21:57.000 --> 00:22:14.000 And how best can be contributing to this immune dysregulation that can lead not only to a long diseases which we see also increased incidence of in these communities, but also autoimmunity, and looking at different systemic endpoints as well and so we're thinking we're planning on 00:22:14.000 --> 00:22:27.000 doing this in multiple ways, looking at using high throughput co-culture models in vitro to be able to really look at mechanisms and then also be able to model that in a mouse model where we can look to see if exposure to inhalation, exposure to these metal 00:22:27.000 --> 00:22:35.000 mixtures can lead to the development of immun dysregulation and autoimmune endpoints, and then finally, in aim, 3. 00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:44.000 We're really interested in going back and looking at communities that are heavily exposed to these metal mixtures to see what is there. 00:22:44.000 --> 00:22:47.000 What is the evidence of inhalation, exposure to these methods? 00:22:47.000 --> 00:23:03.000 And is it leading to changes in airway inflammation that could potentially be leading to these outcomes? To be able to start addressing? Is this an exposure route that's important to be looking at in these communities next slide? 00:23:03.000 --> 00:23:20.000 The second project is called Bp guts, so focusing on oral exposure to these medals, either through food or through the drinking water, and this project is led by Alicio Castillo Julie Inn and Freddie Coe, next Slide so this project is really looking at 00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:34.000 investigating the impact of ingestable metals on the gastro and gastrointestinal tract, and, as I mentioned, we really saw high concentrations of both arsenic and uranium in the gut and so how is this affecting inflammatory pathways, is it 00:23:34.000 --> 00:23:38.000 affecting metabolism? Is it affecting the microbiota of the guts? 00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:56.000 And so if we're looking at the right-hand side of this image, you can see that the first April is really going back to a mouse model and looking at, how does oral exposure to these metal mixtures play a role in altering that intestinal system, even if I changing 00:23:56.000 --> 00:24:12.000 the microbiota, changing the intestinal epithelial cells, and also altering the immune cells that are found there that can play an important role in systemic immunity and aim 2, they're going to use gut organoids which allows them to be able to really model 00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:17.000 individual variability and response, because they'll have different human gut organizers. 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:33.000 They can use, and they can look at characterizing changes in the gut following these mental mixture exposure, using high throughput techniques such as single cell Rna-seq as well as functional assays, and then in the third aim, similar to vp long they are planning to have 00:24:33.000 --> 00:24:39.000 health studies again, where they're being able to. Now look to see what exposure is coming from the Gut by looking at Fec. 00:24:39.000 --> 00:24:50.000 Samples, and trying to better characterize what our immune dysregulation changes that are occurring through gut and how is that being how is the gut being changed next slide? 00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:51.000 And then the final biomedical project is called Vp. 00:24:51.000 --> 00:25:08.000 Community, and this is led by the Lori Hudson, Deborah Mckinsey, Jim Lu, Esther Aerody, as well as Erica Dashner, Titus, in collaboration with our community engagement team that's led by Chris Chewie and his members in the 00:25:08.000 --> 00:25:14.000 Southwest Research Center, Paul Robinson, Sarah Hanoi. 00:25:14.000 --> 00:25:34.000 Next slide, please, and this project, I think, really brings together the rest of the other 2 biomedical projects to really initiate health studies of polluting biomoditoring and analysis of biomarkers and heavily impacted communities and really facilitating the 00:25:34.000 --> 00:25:37.000 the health studies that are being proposed in both Vp. 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:46.000 Long and Vp gut, and so they're really trying to look at understanding how these mental mixtures are, how people are being exposed to biomatering. 00:25:46.000 --> 00:26:00.000 And then also looking at outcomes of oxidative stress, inflammation and immune dysregulation, and how they is associated with exposure, and then aim 2 is really more digging into those mechanisms of understanding how are these metal mixtures leading to enhance 00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:16.000 Updative Stress Inflammation as well as DNA damage, and how the information that we now know about zinc and the importance of a zinc and counteracting these effects can how can we mitigate these exposures through either dietary antioxidants or other metal 00:26:16.000 --> 00:26:21.000 micronutrients like zinc, and be able to protect these communities next slide. 00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:41.000 So with that I'd like to end, and I'd like to think that huge team of people that are part of the UN Met Metal Superfund Center and all of their contributions to this work, both in phase one and we are very excited about starting phase, 2 and momentum that we're feeling and we're really 00:26:41.000 --> 00:26:47.000 excited to be here, and we'd be happy to take any questions. Thank you. 00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:52.000 Thank you, Alisha, for a such a nice closure, and I just want to also close. Of course. 00:26:52.000 --> 00:27:01.000 Again acknowledging our collaborators the people of Laguna and in Alaon Nation Red Water Pon rose lookup that, and Cameron. 00:27:01.000 --> 00:27:06.000 We're also developing all the additional collaborations with other. 00:27:06.000 --> 00:27:25.000 A community. So we're excited about that. And you know you mentioned Sarah Hano Attica, which I just want to feature very quickly, stating that she made a very nice, a a like dictionary if you wanna name it right of how we translate our Western science words to Navajo and back and 00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:31.000 forth, so that this effort is very valuable, because there are no words in the net for uranium. 00:27:31.000 --> 00:27:36.000 For example, Dma is Nowaho, so we're trying to develop this energy. 00:27:36.000 --> 00:27:42.000 So I really appreciate the input from everyone. So any questions for we happy to take. 00:27:42.000 --> 00:27:46.000 Thank you so much Jose Leslie and Angeli, for that excellent presentation. 00:27:46.000 --> 00:27:55.000 I there are a couple of questions that have come into the pod, so as a reminder to everybody that has called in, you can put your questions through the pod because the chat is going to be disabled for anybody. 00:27:55.000 --> 00:28:11.000 That's not a panelist. So the first question that came in was, I believe, was at the beginning, when you were talking about the vegetables that uptake this uranium and arsenic, so do are those vegetables that are exposed to contamination. 00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:15.000 Sold? And if not, how do are those vegetables managed? 00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:20.000 Yeah, so this is Joseph very quickly. You know we have this fascinating project in Covid. 00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:26.000 This came in. Same question came from the community. You know our vegetables contaminate. 00:28:26.000 --> 00:28:31.000 So we did this one a sampling in analysis campaign. 00:28:31.000 --> 00:28:46.000 What we found was that actually, that community practices are a very well taking care of avoiding that contamination because they know how to use soils and waters that are not contaminated, and we weren't able to detect any contamination. 00:28:46.000 --> 00:28:58.000 So it's actually very good news for the community and for their agricultural activities and shows the resilience of just a traditional knowledge on really overcoming some of these challenges. 00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:04.000 So I guess not. Every a research, finding that we, a report, has to be negative right? 00:29:04.000 --> 00:29:08.000 So it's very nice when we can report positive things for a community. 00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:15.000 But definitely the well known as a protocol for determining how a to control. 00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:31.000 You know, a then, how agricultural practices are trained and developed, and also going to the sales so I would develop to them to really answering what they do, but wanted to share this experience where we, as a center collaborated to verify that at least on what we have analyzed 00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:40.000 we? We really haven't seen a, you know concern, let's say, on elevated concentrations on this. 00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:51.000 Thank you. Another question came in asking, does the immunology research have an epidemiological study component in your community? 00:29:51.000 --> 00:29:52.000 And then. 00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:54.000 Alisha, do you wanna give it a 00:29:54.000 --> 00:30:01.000 So definitely, for Bp community. Yes, there are definitely an epidemiological component to that. 00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:21.000 Looking at health outcomes in the communities, we have multiple epidemiologists that are part of our team and looking at associations between exposure to these metal mixtures and health outcomes in these communities and then also bedded and threaded into the other biomedical 00:30:21.000 --> 00:30:29.000 projects are also looking at some of those more epidemiological questions. 00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:39.000 And then the from the same person. Another different comment in question. The artist renderings are great, and the graphic of zinc sewing as the DNA back together, for example, is beautiful. 00:30:39.000 --> 00:30:46.000 Is, your let's see, is your artist a member of the of a local tribe? 00:30:46.000 --> 00:30:51.000 And how does your artist develop graphics to best communicate with the communities? 00:30:51.000 --> 00:30:56.000 If so, let me answer that question, but I will ask Angela also to jump in. 00:30:56.000 --> 00:31:00.000 So first of all, a Mallory is funny because he used to a you know, work with us so closely for some time now, and we have some slides for Recall. 00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:24.000 Her artist in residence. I saw that, but she is now a permanent staff person in different centers that we have with our environmental health programs. So a Mallory Kotak is from the Sunni tribe which is a great because he has that context and and also I'm gonna 00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:42.000 call it a knowledge to help us a bridge. This a gaps, you know, where we sometimes a scientist thinks how clearly we speak, but we really don't, and it has been really incredible how you know, Mallory's not only with the art giving us feedback. 00:31:42.000 --> 00:31:58.000 But also, you know, sometimes, like a peer reviewer, very tough, saying, you know, this is 2 up there, guys, you have to find a way of communicating this more clearly, and I really appreciate that, you know. So that's why I wanted to ask Angela, because they are both collaborating in a science communication. 00:31:58.000 --> 00:32:05.000 Effort. And, Angel, if you can elaborate more about the collaboration with a Mallory quota, I will really appreciate your insights. 00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:10.000 Yes, for sure. So one thing about Mallory is that she is also a scientist and a biologist. 00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:21.000 So it comes with that biology training as well as her traditional knowledge that will help kind of blend both of those to create these wonderful heart pieces. 00:32:21.000 --> 00:32:39.000 But since Mallory is only one person, and we have so many awesome projects within this center that we want to communicate, we have created a pilot program in which we are partnering with local community members, our trainees and then our researchers to create these triads or teams in which we can create 00:32:39.000 --> 00:32:44.000 new art pieces or communication pieces to take back to our communities. 00:32:44.000 --> 00:33:01.000 And in this sense we can work with different tribes that we work with and have them talk to us about the concerns that they have, or symbols that they use to communicate certain features, and then we can work with our trainees and our scientists to put together newer art pieces to talk about the projects that 00:33:01.000 --> 00:33:11.000 we have in development right now. So that's a project that is kicking off this summer and this fall. 00:33:11.000 --> 00:33:18.000 That's great. Okay? So the next question that came in is, Could you please tell us about the cytotoxicity data? 00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:20.000 If you have any. 00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:23.000 What site, or? 00:33:23.000 --> 00:33:30.000 So I can address that at least initially. I am curious what types they're specifically asking about. 00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:31.000 But I can say that you know it's interesting. 00:33:31.000 --> 00:33:42.000 Your uranium itself is not super cyto toxic. If you're looking at it from the standpoint of self. 00:33:42.000 --> 00:33:51.000 But it has been shown to be able to induce DNA damage in certain contexts, and to have other cellular alterations. 00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:55.000 What's interesting, though, is that when you look at it in mixtures, and oftentimes, you know, we don't see uranium alone. 00:33:55.000 --> 00:34:11.000 We see uranium in combination with arsenic, and so oursenic on the other hand, has been very well established to be cytotoxic and can kill cells at the micromolar range, or some and also to lead to DNA damage or some and also to lead to DNA 00:34:11.000 --> 00:34:16.000 damage and inductions of inflammatory processes in different cell types. 00:34:16.000 --> 00:34:19.000 And so oftentimes our work is really more focused on understanding. 00:34:19.000 --> 00:34:20.000 How does uranium play a role in combination with arsenic as well as other metals? 00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:35.000 In combination with arsenic as well as other metals. And so that's some of the work that now we are working on in this phase of the super fund. 00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:43.000 Thanks Alicia for that. Okay? The next question that came in is, are there changes in the gut? Flora? 00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:45.000 Following exposure to these. 00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.000 That's another great question we are working on that right now. 00:34:49.000 --> 00:34:52.000 So hopefully, we will in vp. Long day or sorry. 00:34:52.000 --> 00:34:53.000 PP, dot there'll be able to answer that question soon. 00:34:53.000 --> 00:35:12.000 They are currently working on that and looking at changes in the biodiversity of gut bacteria that is found with and without exposure. And so that's hopefully something that we'll be able to report on the next time we have an update. 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:13.000 And then a comment came in very great presentation, loved all the speakers. 00:35:13.000 --> 00:35:28.000 So thank you for that comment. The next question that came in was, what happens to the contaminants when they're which has been taken up in the plants near mine during wildfires. 00:35:28.000 --> 00:35:37.000 So I'll take a short of this is so. I have been working, and I know my camping, too, and others in in the A UN metal super fun center on Wildfire. 00:35:37.000 --> 00:35:46.000 So interestingly. You know, this is a a key question, because there wouldn't be any mining if you didn't have. 00:35:46.000 --> 00:35:52.000 Naturally occurring medals. In your geology. In the first place, right? 00:35:52.000 --> 00:36:01.000 So what we've see here in the Southwest is in many of our sites a. That are. 00:36:01.000 --> 00:36:04.000 Let's say, reaching medals just naturally a hundred. 00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:10.000 The plants and trees that grow a close to these places accumulate. 00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:19.000 These a metals, and also you have to remember that when you have a wildfire you burn these trees you volatilize the organic matter. 00:36:19.000 --> 00:36:24.000 But what we have seen is that metal constant metals are concentrated through this process in the ash. 00:36:24.000 --> 00:36:27.000 So we do have a lot of projects trying to understand this energy. 00:36:27.000 --> 00:36:46.000 I know mad company has a N. R. One working on these from the toxicological standpoint, and I have been looking at these more because I am very curious about the chemistry of the ash, and I have probably some papers on this that I'll be happy to share if you follow up. 00:36:46.000 --> 00:36:56.000 But this is an interesting question because of how a rich, geologically, this region is with metals, you know, we definitely have to follow up on really understanding. 00:36:56.000 --> 00:37:06.000 Then what are the risks from this particular? A matter that are generated during wildfires like the hermit, speak fire that we just had here about a year ago? 00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:21.000 The you know, biggest firing in the history of New Mexico. So I guess there's a lot of openness in answering that question, but we definitely can tell tell you that we have been trying to address this concern. 00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:24.000 Thanks. Jose, and we have a ton. More questions coming in. 00:37:24.000 --> 00:37:41.000 We only have time for a couple more before we have to move to the next presentation, so we'll try to get through these, and if we don't get through them, either the presenters can answer in the chat or or in the pod as the during the next, throughout the rest of the presentations and 00:37:41.000 --> 00:37:52.000 then, or they can answer them. Offline. So the next question is for the in vitro gut, and what are the biofluids that you will use? 00:37:52.000 --> 00:37:58.000 And they have. And they're also analog. 00:37:58.000 --> 00:38:05.000 So for the long biomedical project we are interested in looking at Excel. 00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:12.000 Breath condensates as well as looking at nasal swaps, to be able to look at inflammatory mediators within the airways, as well as oxidative stress. 00:38:12.000 --> 00:38:13.000 Markers, and then for the Bp guts. They are mostly looking at Feces, and then in the Bp. 00:38:13.000 --> 00:38:38.000 Community. They are going to be also collecting urine and blood, and so we will be able to kind of look at not only routes of exposure, but also looking at systemic exposure and excretion pathways to really understand total body burden and what is happening systemically versus more at these 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:45.000 specific organ targets. 00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:55.000 Lisa, and the next one is a great presentation and excellent work underway regarding the finding of sporadic episodic exposure, exposures. 00:38:55.000 --> 00:39:01.000 Have you considered using ethnographic research to document quotidian life ways among community partners? 00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:06.000 And would that be a culturally appropriate form of research among your partners? 00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:13.000 So thank you for that question. I wanna feature my good friend Thomas de Pri, who is playing an important role in a translation. 00:39:13.000 --> 00:39:39.000 So with these, what I would, a suggest a Thomas is definitely there has to be a very conscientious effort on determining how exposures relate to daily activities, and that in the way that a you know our tribal partners leave is very different in context, to where 00:39:39.000 --> 00:39:40.000 regulators live in Washington, DC. Sometimes and we really need to be very aware of this, a reality. 00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:58.000 So Johnny Lewis and others have been working for a long time on refining how these exposure models can be capered to these reality, that we live here, and that's an excellent point, Thomas. 00:39:58.000 --> 00:40:07.000 That is a work in progress for our center, and I would encourage all of our partners and people who are listening to date to be conscientious and aware about this right that the rules that we come up in an office in Washington DC. 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:23.000 Or New York City, or wherever it is, are not, gonna be the same as they are here. 00:40:23.000 --> 00:40:28.000 Thank you, Jose, and unfortunately, and there's in the interest of time we're going to move on to the next presentation. 00:40:28.000 --> 00:40:31.000 There's a couple more questions in the pods. So if you guys want to go ahead and answer those that'd be great, and thank you again, Dr. 00:40:31.000 --> 00:40:39.000 Sorato, Bolt, and Milton Donnelly, for that great presentation. 00:40:39.000 --> 00:40:42.000 Thank you, our pleasure. 00:40:42.000 --> 00:40:43.000 And our next presentation is from the Columbia University, Northern Plains, Srp. 00:40:43.000 --> 00:41:00.000 Center. We're joined by Dr. Anna Novas Aftien, Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia University, Melland School, Public Health, and the Director of the Columbia University Northern Plains, Srp. 00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:07.000 Center, also Dr. Steve Chilrad, the Lamont Research Professor at Lamont, Doherty Earth Observation of Columbia University. 00:41:07.000 --> 00:41:21.000 And is the co-director of the center and the principal investigator project one and a co-investigator project 5 and lastly, Ray, O'leary, a member of the Terminal Mountain band of Chibewa and public health Analysts with Missouri Breaks 00:41:21.000 --> 00:41:24.000 Industry's research ink, who leads Columbia's community engagement core. 00:41:24.000 --> 00:41:29.000 Dr. Navas Asean. Thank you for being here, and to the rest of your career that's here as well. 00:41:29.000 --> 00:41:31.000 I will now turn it over to you. 00:41:31.000 --> 00:41:40.000 Wonderful. Thank you so much. Brittany, and and it's a real honor to follow the metals. 00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:55.000 Superfunders program, and I am together with Ray, Larry and Steve Chilrot, and we are very privileged to present the work of our new superfund research program. 00:41:55.000 --> 00:42:17.000 The Columbia University in Northern Planes Center. So the goals of our center are to advance science technology, enter the end to leverage traditional knowledge, to protect the Northern plains, water resources and communities from hazard mental health exposures and the logo of awareness center with a put 00:42:17.000 --> 00:42:18.000 together by indigenous scientist artist, Tammy Granados represent the water resources. 00:42:18.000 --> 00:42:44.000 The Missouri bus in in the Northern plane States, April, protected by the medicine we all from the Lakota people, so the motivation for this center, this is a new center that that is, we are just starting we are very excited and the Motivation comes from the sobering 00:42:44.000 --> 00:42:52.000 data of the epidemic of Caribascara disease, and diabetes, that indigenous communities in Northern planes suffer in North Dakota, and South Dakota. 00:42:52.000 --> 00:42:59.000 American Indians have the highest rates of coronary heart disease of the Us. 00:42:59.000 --> 00:43:04.000 And over one third of the deaths occurred before the age of 65 years. 00:43:04.000 --> 00:43:10.000 Moreover, the diabetes burden is 300 times higher than in white communities. 00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:20.000 We need to recognize that this epidemic of cardiovascular disease and diabetes are in great part related to European colonization, and us. 00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:35.000 Policies. But also we need to recognize that sovereignty, cultural resilience, and traditional knowledge are core values in the Northern plane communities and remain strong with very positive influences. 00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:44.000 Given this epidemic of cardiovascular disease and diabity effect in the northern plains, and many other indigenous communities across the United States. 00:43:44.000 --> 00:43:54.000 It's really important to identify and recognize the role that environmental exposures have in this epidemics. 00:43:54.000 --> 00:44:00.000 And data from the strong heart study, which is the longest and and largest study of cariovascular disease in American Indian communities. 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:02.000 Across the Us. With the data from the Northern platinum. 00:44:02.000 --> 00:44:17.000 And the Southwest, and also the Southern planes, has clearly shown that arsenic exposure is serious factor for disease. 00:44:17.000 --> 00:44:35.000 A very clear trend, for how arsenic is related with cardiovascular disease, and how it impacts diabetes many other outcomes have been associated with the arsenic in a strong her study, including several cancers, long function kidney disease. 00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.000 So this exposure's a are often arsenic. 00:44:39.000 --> 00:45:01.000 Exposure is often naturally occurring, but as it was discussed, following the great presentation from Caesarato and and team, and by looking at this map that Johnny Lewis put together to represent the mining mining exposures across the many parts of the country, are particularly affecting 00:45:01.000 --> 00:45:13.000 indigenous communities, and this mining has contributed to arsenic exposure also, as shown by the unm Metals group, as well as to urineium exposure. 00:45:13.000 --> 00:45:16.000 So this combination of mining, and together with naturally occurring and naturally occur. 00:45:16.000 --> 00:45:27.000 It's naturally occurring. This is why there is mining going on there is can be reflected in community water systems, data. 00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:37.000 And this is something very important in this map that some of our group members, our superfund center, investors, and in a Nigerian team put together, you can see how many community water systems across the western part of the Us. 00:45:37.000 --> 00:46:04.000 Are affected by union arsenic in the waters, and this is particularly important in in the Northern plane communities, and however, we know quite relatively little about the long term health effects of this exposures through the drinking water. 00:46:04.000 --> 00:46:20.000 If we go a little bit more in depth to one of our communities that we are working with in in the Northern planes, and you can see in this map how each of these dots reflects a house a family and the color of the map reflects the levels. 00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:29.000 Of either arsenic or uranium, or together, when they are above of the Mcl. 00:46:29.000 --> 00:46:48.000 So arsenic and uranium in red is above of the maximum contaminant level for both elements, and this is reflects a substantial exposure day after day of the life of these people from when children are born during pregnancy, when they are born as a grow 00:46:48.000 --> 00:47:09.000 as older as adults in their orderly. This is a daily dose of exposure to these toxic elements, and with for some of them, especially for uranium relatively little information on the on the long term health effects, and also relatively little knowledge of why is it are the exposure, they are and 00:47:09.000 --> 00:47:15.000 what is a contribution from the mining versus the naturally occurring component? 00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:23.000 So because of this reasons, the widespread exposure, they impact the potential impact of mining and a long term. 00:47:23.000 --> 00:47:31.000 The questions about the long-term health effects, including both the past exportures and the and the current exposures. 00:47:31.000 --> 00:47:38.000 We put together several organizations came together to develop this new superfund research center. 00:47:38.000 --> 00:47:42.000 And including Missouri, breaks, that you'll get more to hear more from Brilli in a minute. 00:47:42.000 --> 00:48:00.000 The star study our partnering population based cohort study, our partnering population based cohort study that we've been working on for a long time as well as investors from multiple is organizations across Columbia. Columbia. 00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:21.000 The main Mar School of Public Health and a Laman authority. Earth Observatory in the Columbia Climate School, and together we have developed this center that has 5 projects with project, one developing a high resolution models of groundwater metal exposures with the goal to be able to predict at a very fine 00:48:21.000 --> 00:48:26.000 scale, when there is going to be water contamination in Project 2. 00:48:26.000 --> 00:48:34.000 Our goal is to use a isotope. Metallomics as tracers for the sources and the cycling of metals. 00:48:34.000 --> 00:48:35.000 Can we address the question that our communities have of where, why do I have metal? 00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:38.000 Why do I have youanium in my drinking water? 00:48:38.000 --> 00:48:48.000 Is it because of the mining, and then in our projects? 00:48:48.000 --> 00:49:13.000 3 and 4, with leverage, epidemiological route, together with mechanistic invivo research, to answer that about understand the health effects of these exposures, arsenic and uranium, primarily with finally, in Project 5 close to circle and be able to provide and support new interventions for sustainable addressing the problem 00:49:13.000 --> 00:49:28.000 of water. Contamination for metal mixtures. So this work in the Northern plane communities could not take place without the key role that the community engagement core has to make this. 00:49:28.000 --> 00:49:43.000 I am. And this collaboration possible. So now I would like to let Aulary join us and describe the work that the community engagement under impeachment in all the projects is taking place. 00:49:43.000 --> 00:49:45.000 So Ray, please go ahead. 00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.000 Thank you, Ana, so you can see here that misery bricks is located throughout South Dakota and North Dakota, which Missouri River conveniently goes through. 00:49:49.000 --> 00:50:07.000 We have a variety of office locations. Our main office, where I'm located is on the Shyam River Reservation in South Texas, and then we have another office and the Spirit Lake Reservation in North Dakota. 00:50:07.000 --> 00:50:17.000 We have a more urban location in Rapid City, and then we also cover the pipe Ridge Reservation with with our research projects. 00:50:17.000 --> 00:50:33.000 So we cover the the code is there, and I think what makes our super fund community engagement work unique is that our community engagement partner, which is necessary breaks, is located, you know, in the communities we are staffed by tribal members. 00:50:33.000 --> 00:50:37.000 We are, you know the people that we're collecting water samples from our relatives and our neighbors. 00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:44.000 And we have a unique advantage, I think, to really make the most out of the partnership with our community partners. 00:50:44.000 --> 00:50:54.000 Since we have those local relationships, you can see it with Missouri, breaks. 00:50:54.000 --> 00:51:01.000 Our logo is above it. Des our vision, which is creating opportunities for health. 00:51:01.000 --> 00:51:02.000 And really we, you know, we can't make people be healthy right? 00:51:02.000 --> 00:51:12.000 But we can create the opportunities. So I love that this super fun research project, you know, has the potential with that project. 00:51:12.000 --> 00:51:21.000 5 to, you know. Give a an insrument that can potentially remediate the heavy metal contaminants in in our water. 00:51:21.000 --> 00:51:40.000 Next slide. Thank you. So, as Ana mentioned the stronghold study as really the what this Super Fund research project surrounds and Missouri bricks, it's been involved with the strategy since the nineties you can see from the visual here that there's been a variety 00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.000 of ancillary studies, as well as other studies that aren't related to strung heart study that have come out of the original phases of the strung heart study. 00:51:44.000 --> 00:52:10.000 We are currently in phase 7, and all of the studies that have a red circle around them indicate studies that have some level of environmental component. So initially, that was really not a focus of the strong heart study or the other studies that was really not a focus of the strong heart study or the other studies that missouri breaks 00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:11.000 works on. But you can see in more recent years that's become a pretty prominent theme to some of our research. 00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:34.000 The stronghold. Study is most known, for, of course, being the as Ana said, the longest and largest cardiovascular study of American Indian health, and one thing that I think is important to note is our 90 or greater than 90% retention rate and I think the reason that 00:52:34.000 --> 00:52:38.000 that's so high is because, you know, we are from the community. 00:52:38.000 --> 00:52:45.000 We've been here since the nineties, and have established a great relationship and trust within within the community. 00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:54.000 Over the last 30 years, and in the next slide you'll see some examples of past committee engagement work that misery breaks has done. 00:52:54.000 --> 00:53:05.000 In the top left is a photo of Ben and Marsha, from Missouri breaks, and Ben from Columbia, meeting with tribal organizations and key partners in the community. 00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:12.000 To better understand the needs and priorities and get feedback on our entire entire process. 00:53:12.000 --> 00:53:16.000 And that's something that we've repeated these meetings on all the reservations we're working with, with all of the key partners to really make sure that we're being respectful of of their needs. 00:53:16.000 --> 00:53:30.000 I can share that one concern of some of the tribal partners and water organizations is leaking information in a bad way about contaminated water. 00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:43.000 They've all been through that before where things have not been handled as carefully as they should have been, and all of a sudden the communities in an uproar over information that the water is bad. 00:53:43.000 --> 00:53:50.000 So I think that's where Missouri breaks. 00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.000 I really see our rolecoming coming coming in is making sure that we're doing it in a good way. 00:53:54.000 --> 00:53:58.000 In a way that all of our partners are comfortable with as well. 00:53:58.000 --> 00:54:07.000 So, we don't create any hysteria but solutions right and information and understanding of how we can move forward in a good way. 00:54:07.000 --> 00:54:23.000 You can also see some examples of our community engagement where we'll just go to community events and talk to the community about what we already know about environmental health and what their concerns are in the future, and in the center photos, you can see some of our work with youth both in their high school 00:54:23.000 --> 00:54:40.000 science projects, as well as symposium, where we can do hands-on activities with the and a lot of our community engagement work that we'll be moving forward with will be using the tobacco coalitions framework in the picture there and this shows kind of the 00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:47.000 intersection of education and policy change in tribal communities as community engagement. 00:54:47.000 --> 00:54:52.000 So there's a full web page that I'll drop in the chat when I'm done presenting that you can check out. 00:54:52.000 --> 00:54:54.000 But this framework will kind of drive. 00:54:54.000 --> 00:54:59.000 How we move forward with the community engagement, core. 00:54:59.000 --> 00:55:00.000 And in the next slide you can see some of our Missouri break staff. 00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:20.000 There were presentations just here couple of weeks ago, right in Pine Ridge and river, on what we know so far and where we're going with this project and so this is some of our staff here and I would say the presentations are very well received. 00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:22.000 I think the community's very eager to learn from this study, and potentially have solutions in the end. 00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:36.000 And you can also see some of our team collecting water samples that just started here in the last couple of months as well, and it's very community driven. All of our staff are. 00:55:36.000 --> 00:55:43.000 Local and again neighbors and relatives to to those we're working with. 00:55:43.000 --> 00:55:47.000 So, yeah, I think that's it for me. 00:55:47.000 --> 00:55:50.000 Wonderful. Thank you, Ray, so much, Steve. Go ahead. 00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:53.000 Yes, Hi, so I'm Steve. 00:55:53.000 --> 00:55:56.000 I'm a geochemist, and I've been associated with one Srp. 00:55:56.000 --> 00:56:11.000 Center or another since I was a post, doc. So I feel like my whole professional career has been growing up with with the superfund research program. 00:56:11.000 --> 00:56:24.000 And I have to say that our current, our new project, is the most integrated of the of the super fund research programs that I've been associated with in the past. 00:56:24.000 --> 00:56:31.000 And and so I'm really proud of our current program. 00:56:31.000 --> 00:56:43.000 So project one is all about understanding the concentrations in in the ground water and then using that information in different ways. 00:56:43.000 --> 00:56:54.000 So, and the first thing we need to do is increase the data density because of all the past history that you've heard about in both. 00:56:54.000 --> 00:57:13.000 The first presentation. And now it's just a very small amount of data on that on the tribal lands, and so that's our first aim, and that's to help us characterize the factors that control the distribution and arsenic and uranium 00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:19.000 in the ground water and differentiate factors that mobilize arsenic in your own. 00:57:19.000 --> 00:57:24.000 And we need that information so that we can develop the groundwater models. 00:57:24.000 --> 00:57:47.000 And our goal is not to just develop a groundwater model, but to have it be a model that can really predict at the 60 to a hundred meter scale, where clean water is versus where water is contaminated, which will really help under people understand where they can drill which is an expensive process to 00:57:47.000 --> 00:57:51.000 to get clean water, and and then whoops go back. 00:57:51.000 --> 00:58:03.000 One, and then the third aim is to use that information together with to estimate long-term arsenic and uranium exposures for the project. 00:58:03.000 --> 00:58:07.000 3 go ahead! 00:58:07.000 --> 00:58:13.000 So a little bit more about the prediction model. We're using a machine learning model. 00:58:13.000 --> 00:58:34.000 A random forest model noise can often be black boxes, but our overarching premise to our approach is that the best models should be grounded, and a mechanistic understanding of the geochemical processes that control the water quality and if you really need to predict at a fine spatial 00:58:34.000 --> 00:58:40.000 scale. Well, then, your models need predictor veil variables that are actually available at that fine spatial scale. 00:58:40.000 --> 00:58:51.000 There are a lot of models out there that have 179 variables in their prediction, but most of those variables are not available here. 00:58:51.000 --> 00:59:09.000 We're looking at remote sensing as one of the few data sets that really provides complete data at a fine spatial scale and flooding frequen and flooding duration were the master variables that were used in the creation of this model which was originally created in 00:59:09.000 --> 00:59:14.000 Cambodia in a very in the deltaic areas in Cambodia. 00:59:14.000 --> 00:59:27.000 And now we're applying this model up in the northern plains, and and it actually applying a model that was trained and validated in Cambodia is doing an okay job in the northern plains. 00:59:27.000 --> 00:59:33.000 But we wanna do better. And so a lot of our effort is gonna be focused on that next slide. 00:59:33.000 --> 00:59:35.000 Please. 00:59:35.000 --> 00:59:54.000 So project 2. So project 2 is a a very novel project, as Ada said, it's using isotopes as traces for looking at the sources and cycling of not only the uranium and the Swinium, but also the arsenic and its premise is to look 00:59:54.000 --> 01:00:18.000 at the spatial distribution of these isotope ratios, which are called ice escapes similar to how you look at a topographic map, and you would have you would have this information showing where the highs and low is in in the different isotopes and that would tell you a lot about 01:00:18.000 --> 01:00:25.000 what's going on in the ground as far as the Redox cycling and the transport of those elements. 01:00:25.000 --> 01:00:44.000 But there are also going to look at them in the urine of the cohort, and there they really hope to develop these novel biomarkers of the uptake and cycling of these readouts, sensitive metals in in the body and be able to validate those through the 01:00:44.000 --> 01:00:50.000 Animal model on project 4. Next slide. Please. So I'm gonna skip this for time. 01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:57.000 So we can go onto the next slide. 01:00:57.000 --> 01:01:18.000 So project 5 is the last kind of geochemical project, and it's really focused on trying to develop treatments systems that are effective and lost lasting and sustainable, by leveraging what's already in the water which are the natural constituents including the microbes 01:01:18.000 --> 01:01:24.000 and use those 2 produce the iron oxide media. 01:01:24.000 --> 01:01:33.000 That is very useful for taking out the contaminants, and but also recycl them so that they can last for a really long time. 01:01:33.000 --> 01:01:44.000 The next thing is really focused on enhancing the treatment through photo catalysts to change the arsenic and uranium into the into the fos that are easier to remove. 01:01:44.000 --> 01:01:52.000 That means for uranium to make them into the axis form. 01:01:52.000 --> 01:02:10.000 Well in the arsenic to make them. I'm sorry in uranium to make them into the reduced form, and then they arsenic to make them into the to the oxic form, and the third aim is to develop a drinking water quality monitor that will provide 01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:17.000 automated information to the, to the user, to know when their water is clean and good. 01:02:17.000 --> 01:02:18.000 What do you know when it really does need some maintenance? 01:02:18.000 --> 01:02:26.000 So many of the water treatment systems that are out in everyone's homes around the country. 01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:33.000 Are put there and then forgotten, and are no longer treating the water, and sometimes even making the water worse. 01:02:33.000 --> 01:03:00.000 And then our final point about this project is, we really have a major translation of goal that to be prepared to commercialize the products we're beginning and to do that and collaboration with unbiased community members to not only transfer capacity and knowledge, but to develop jobs. 01:03:00.000 --> 01:03:09.000 and to develop expertise locally that they can use for having a business next slide. 01:03:09.000 --> 01:03:24.000 So here's a schematic of where we currently are with our design of of just the preliminary experiments for for getting to the end goal of having a system that can be in homes. 01:03:24.000 --> 01:03:29.000 So we can see here that it has a reactor. 01:03:29.000 --> 01:03:40.000 And we have 2 reactors, one where we're testing out, where arsenic is already in the more easily form and one where we're adding the arsenic in the reduced and harder to remove form. 01:03:40.000 --> 01:03:44.000 And we're pumping in currently artificial groundwater. 01:03:44.000 --> 01:03:54.000 That's mimics the ground water as far as we can in the lab to what's in the local groundwater on the tribal lands. 01:03:54.000 --> 01:04:10.000 And then we have. We also put in other contaminants through uranium and phosphorus, which can be a big issue in many different treatment systems. 01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:21.000 And then we pump it through and iron oxides form, which is this red color here, and then we collect the effluent and measure that over time. 01:04:21.000 --> 01:04:26.000 So this fraction collector can collect a sample every couple of minutes and so that's our current system. 01:04:26.000 --> 01:04:30.000 And through this we'll be testing and developing this system over time and adding more and more of the components. 01:04:30.000 --> 01:04:44.000 I spoke of previously. Next slide, please, and so this is just a picture of that cartoon model of what it really looks like in the lab. 01:04:44.000 --> 01:04:49.000 And with that I'll hand it back to you, Anna. 01:04:49.000 --> 01:05:13.000 Wonderful. Thank you, Steve. So now, as as Steve mentioned in our center, is very integrated, so, leveraging the information that the community engagement core and the work they are doing, the geosciences projects are doing, we want to understand what are these exposures, what are the health effects in you know our communities and 01:05:13.000 --> 01:05:31.000 for that. We are going in Project 3. We are going to look into an epidemiological study and over hypotheses are that exposure to metals in particular arsenic and uranium have latent and concurrent carrier metabolic effects and this is important because 01:05:31.000 --> 01:05:43.000 the latent effects are the ones that might be related to in utero exportures, and might be persistent over time, even if you stop the extraure today. 01:05:43.000 --> 01:06:06.000 So this is why we want to really distinguish between the latent and the concurrent, and then we want to understand which are the pathways which are the mechanisms that we can identify, especially the impact that this exposure might have the mechanism that we can identify especially the impact that this exposure might have on our DNA DNA 01:06:06.000 --> 01:06:13.000 gene expression and impact on the DNA methylation. The epigenome as well as the metabolic lomic signatures that might be a result of this effect. 01:06:13.000 --> 01:06:26.000 And so we plan on developing the this multi-armic and models to be able to look at those pathways and ultimately identify the metabolic, and cardiovascular effects. 01:06:26.000 --> 01:06:45.000 So to do that we are a very privileged to leverage the stronger study, as we've mentioned every long-term cohort which has data going on from the late eighte nineties, and in the late nineties for 10 years a cohort of adults were followed and later on starting in 01:06:45.000 --> 01:07:08.000 the late nineties, and early 2 thousands. The family study of the Stormhasadi was initiated, which recruited family members, including the children of the original parents in the cohort, so leveraging the parents and the children already as adults, because it's not her family study recruited the children already as 01:07:08.000 --> 01:07:27.000 adults, and putting all of this information together, we want to study this latent and concurrent current metabolic effects of metals, and the new measures that we are going to be adding to the cohort is new data on the DNA methylation for the children because we don't have currently the 01:07:27.000 --> 01:07:36.000 nmfilation data in the, in the family study, as well as more data on metals. 01:07:36.000 --> 01:07:42.000 Because we know that in visit 5 the water system change in many of our communities. 01:07:42.000 --> 01:07:48.000 The Mcl. For oursinic was implemented at the time, and that's resulted in important expression. 01:07:48.000 --> 01:08:06.000 Reductions in our scenic. So if you reduce their scenic exporture because of these interventions that were set in place in community water systems, can you see reductions and benefits in cardiovascular disease, or do you still see the lasting effects of the past exposures, both when they were 01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:07.000 a younger as well as from their parental exposures. 01:08:07.000 --> 01:08:15.000 So that's what we are aiming to do through our longitudinal design. 01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:19.000 And then through the effort going on in Project One. We are collecting. 01:08:19.000 --> 01:08:22.000 We are leveraging these water samples, now used in obtain to check what is the exporture today in our communities? 01:08:22.000 --> 01:08:34.000 Are we still? Are we really affectively? Have we effectively reduce exposure? 01:08:34.000 --> 01:08:37.000 Are there still pockets of high exposure going on? 01:08:37.000 --> 01:08:38.000 And how this information is going to help us model, develop new models. 01:08:38.000 --> 01:08:46.000 For assessing water exposure in recent in the past. 01:08:46.000 --> 01:08:48.000 So this is our project. 3. But, as you know, many of you know epidemiological studies are subject to multiple sets of biases. 01:08:48.000 --> 01:08:59.000 Confounding selection, bias, measurement, error. 01:08:59.000 --> 01:09:09.000 So we want to leverage a and interdisciplinary approach, and with an experimental study to look at the same research questions from a different angle. 01:09:09.000 --> 01:09:23.000 And in that, in this work openly, we are going to first of all, I wanted to kind of mentioned that the metallamis core facility that we have with great Icpms. 01:09:23.000 --> 01:09:25.000 Hpl. C. Icms. For the Rsn. Association and the Muticollor Icpm. 01:09:25.000 --> 01:09:33.000 S to measure the metal metallic. Isotopes is what's really allow us to do. 01:09:33.000 --> 01:09:40.000 All of these epidemiological work at great sensitivity and specificity. 01:09:40.000 --> 01:09:51.000 And and this the data on the past exposures and the current exposures we've already have some preliminary data for diabetes that makes it really compelling. 01:09:51.000 --> 01:09:56.000 And we're busy. We found that the maternal arsenic related DNA. 01:09:56.000 --> 01:10:06.000 Methylation is associated with offspring, insulin resistance, and that this association is that is attenuated for offspring, adiposity, but not for maternal adiposity. 01:10:06.000 --> 01:10:13.000 Kind of reflecting that maternal arcsenic DNA methylation. 01:10:13.000 --> 01:10:18.000 It has influenced offspring, adiposity, and so this is a core hypothesis that supports our project. 01:10:18.000 --> 01:10:29.000 3, and that we also want to test in an experimental design in our project. 01:10:29.000 --> 01:10:49.000 For so in Project 4, we are going to be evaluating the cosine molecular mechanisms that link drinking water, metal exposures to cario metabolic disease, leveraging an animal model of early life, programming to look at the past early life exposures 01:10:49.000 --> 01:10:57.000 versus an animal model that continues with exposure throughout the life course to be able to look at the concurrent. 01:10:57.000 --> 01:11:05.000 The difference between early life only pursues the long-term, concurrent adult effects, and we follow a very similar model. 01:11:05.000 --> 01:11:19.000 But now under very control conditions, we're everything is carefully conducted, and we'll look at also the multiomics pathways and the mark, caria, metabolic phenotypes. 01:11:19.000 --> 01:11:24.000 And so that you can look while at over expliments, we'll be able to communicate the combination of arsenic and uranium versus arsenic alone. 01:11:24.000 --> 01:11:31.000 Uranium alone, to tap water, and we'll do that with combining this prenatal and personal exposures. 01:11:31.000 --> 01:11:58.000 This is modeling populations that have been exposed throughout a lifetime versus an export, a population that would be exposed only prenatally may be a population that was only exposed in the past prenatally, but were an intervention with treatment of water has now occurred but as we were planning 01:11:58.000 --> 01:12:04.000 this work, and the super fun and the discussion with the community engagement tech and the communities. 01:12:04.000 --> 01:12:12.000 The big question was, How does the water in the lab compare to the well water that people are actually drinking? 01:12:12.000 --> 01:12:19.000 And this is something that has not been done previously. So together, again leveraging the expertise of our over Geo. 01:12:19.000 --> 01:12:21.000 Scientists, the knowledge of the community to know which wells are contaminated and which ones we might be able to leverage. 01:12:21.000 --> 01:12:36.000 We are going to be bringing well water from the communities to our lab, to be able to test and compare. 01:12:36.000 --> 01:12:44.000 How does well water with higher in high uranium, but with many other high levels for many other contaminants. 01:12:44.000 --> 01:12:50.000 How does that compare to the lab water, and to del tap water in the lab? 01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:55.000 So this is what the our project for is going to be to be doing. 01:12:55.000 --> 01:13:18.000 So with all of this work and our 5 projects working together, we're a community and as well as our training core, which is an amazing group of leaders and trainees, making everything possible as well as a word, demac our data, management and analysis core prospecting a tribal sovereignty that are 01:13:18.000 --> 01:13:29.000 sovereignnty, and being extremely careful with all the data that we are collecting, we expect that in 5 years from now will be able, will have developed predictions at a very fine scale. 01:13:29.000 --> 01:13:44.000 As Steve described for arsenic and uranium, so that, for instance, drillers can decide where to go for low arsenic and uranium ground water, and also for community water systems. 01:13:44.000 --> 01:13:57.000 To decide which ground water resources to use, because very often in our communities a combination of surface water and ground water is taking place for those community water systems. 01:13:57.000 --> 01:14:04.000 We also hope to be able to provide data on the distance at the groundwater uranium is coming from. 01:14:04.000 --> 01:14:15.000 This is really important for our travel partners. They really want to know how the mining is affecting their groundwater contamination, and we'll be able to do it for uranium. 01:14:15.000 --> 01:14:21.000 But for arsenic also, as Steve mentioned, because they uranium inslene, and isotopes can actually help us predict where they are. 01:14:21.000 --> 01:14:33.000 Senic is coming from. So this is really exciting and very new novel science. 01:14:33.000 --> 01:14:34.000 Okay. 01:14:34.000 --> 01:14:39.000 Sorry to jump in, but we're a little bit over time from the presentation standpoint, so if you could if you wouldn't mind wrapping it up so we can get to questions, you're on a roll. 01:14:39.000 --> 01:14:40.000 Sorry. 01:14:40.000 --> 01:14:44.000 Very good sorry for the thank you so much for this. We are almost done so. 01:14:44.000 --> 01:14:50.000 Yes, the epymeological and and data. And then hopefully, we can launch this tech company that Steve mentioned. 01:14:50.000 --> 01:14:58.000 So we just want to really acknowledge the indigenous principles that motivate our work and partnerships, and also the study team and all the trainees that are not hearing the picture. 01:14:58.000 --> 01:15:20.000 But they are here, and our external advisory committee members that include members from universities as well as from the Usgs and Indian Health Service, which are really key partners for this for for our center. So with this and I'm going to stop and we can take the question sorry for taking a 01:15:20.000 --> 01:15:22.000 bit long. I got too excited. 01:15:22.000 --> 01:15:23.000 That was a great presentation. Thank you, Anna. 01:15:23.000 --> 01:15:28.000 Steven that was really great. So we have questions coming in as a reminder to to the people that are listening in. 01:15:28.000 --> 01:15:42.000 Please use the pod for your questions. The first question that came in is lead being considered in your studies. 01:15:42.000 --> 01:15:58.000 So thank you so much for that question. So we actually have data on lead in the in the story Youinar relat is not a very good biomarker of fed exposure. That's the data that has been available. 01:15:58.000 --> 01:15:59.000 But with the collaboration with the Cdc. And Atsd. 01:15:59.000 --> 01:16:08.000 Are we recently were able to measure blood lead in the summer study? 01:16:08.000 --> 01:16:12.000 So this is great because we are going to be able to look at that 2. 01:16:12.000 --> 01:16:23.000 And while lead mining as far as I believe, is not occurring in our communities, we have data on with the collaboration with the Usgs. 01:16:23.000 --> 01:16:33.000 They did a water expos on study in collaboration with Missouri brakes and and investigators, including myself and others, and in that water expos some study. 01:16:33.000 --> 01:16:34.000 We actually found some lead in some of the water data in the tap water, so that will be an important question. 01:16:34.000 --> 01:16:45.000 So thank you. Yes, so we can study lead. Yes. 01:16:45.000 --> 01:16:57.000 Awesome thanks, Ana. The next question that came in is, thanks for these insightful studies is the insid of cardiovascular disease, mostly attributed to high levels of to the uranium and arsenic metal. 01:16:57.000 --> 01:16:59.000 Could there be other key factors? 01:16:59.000 --> 01:17:15.000 Of course there are many factors, because cardiovascular disease, a very multifactorial disease with a of course, diabetes is playing a big role, but part of the diabetes could be related to mental exposures. Of course, physical activity. 01:17:15.000 --> 01:17:23.000 Diet, and many other factors. However, something I didn't have time to go into detail is that we want to develop a multiomic fingerprint. 01:17:23.000 --> 01:17:39.000 And what that means is that with the multi-armic pathways related to arsenic and and disease and diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we might be able to disentangle what part of these diabetes and cardiovascular disease 01:17:39.000 --> 01:17:47.000 epidemic is actually related to this metal exposure versus other general risk factors, such as diet or physical activity. 01:17:47.000 --> 01:17:56.000 So this is something that we hope to be able to address in our study, and I didn't have time, because I was already too long. 01:17:56.000 --> 01:18:01.000 So the next question that came in is great presentation, exciting work. 01:18:01.000 --> 01:18:17.000 Have you considered using any other isotopic signatures beyond light and heavy uranium and solenium isiscates to help differentiate anthropogenic and naturally occurring uranium and groundwater for example, the geochemist earl dixon has used life so 01:18:17.000 --> 01:18:26.000 for isisotopes to fingerprint and mine was in grant theory and district using a method that was developed for uranium deposits in the sixties. 01:18:26.000 --> 01:18:27.000 So, Steve, I let you answer that. 01:18:27.000 --> 01:18:33.000 Yup, sure. So first of all, the uranium isotope. 01:18:33.000 --> 01:18:41.000 Tracy is also include uranium activity, ratios which help trace the sources. 01:18:41.000 --> 01:18:45.000 And then, secondly, we are using the water isotopes. 01:18:45.000 --> 01:18:56.000 We actually see a very strong correlation between the water isotopes and the arsenic in uranium and surface waters. 01:18:56.000 --> 01:19:06.000 And so that's gonna also be very helpful. We have not currently planned to do the self-repe work. 01:19:06.000 --> 01:19:14.000 It's so far as top signature, maybe very similar in mining related sources and natural sources. 01:19:14.000 --> 01:19:25.000 Because they might have the same genesis. So we weren't planning to do that in our work. 01:19:25.000 --> 01:19:27.000 Next question, and then thank you for the question. 01:19:27.000 --> 01:19:33.000 Alright. Next question the next question is on the project for slide. 01:19:33.000 --> 01:19:37.000 How is the well water being compared? Is it an average of results? 01:19:37.000 --> 01:19:43.000 So we are going to. That's a great question, because it's not going to be easy to do, as we cannot test. 01:19:43.000 --> 01:19:46.000 We would love to test multiple wells, but that would not be possible. 01:19:46.000 --> 01:19:47.000 So we are going to have to select a well that hopefully is representative of what people are drinking. 01:19:47.000 --> 01:20:02.000 But we are aiming to select a well that has quite high levels as high as we can within the community that has quite high levels as high as we can within the community. 01:20:02.000 --> 01:20:09.000 And the reason is because our animal model, of course, is not, it's very short exposure, even though we are trying to do chronic exposure. 01:20:09.000 --> 01:20:12.000 But it's not exactly replicable with human exposures. 01:20:12.000 --> 01:20:20.000 So yeah, it's going to be one. Well, which hopefully reflects some types of average. 01:20:20.000 --> 01:20:24.000 Alright. Next question is, have you compared diabetes? 01:20:24.000 --> 01:20:31.000 Prevalence with other nations who may not be mining in areas such as the Nys, Seneca. 01:20:31.000 --> 01:20:34.000 So that's a great question. I think. 01:20:34.000 --> 01:20:40.000 Comparing, we have within the stronger study in the Oklahoma community. 01:20:40.000 --> 01:20:54.000 I believe I am not sure I need to go check. I think the mining picture is different, so that would allow us to do some comparisons actually, we know there are setting exposure and uranium exposure is much lower. 01:20:54.000 --> 01:21:00.000 Within our over Oklahoma communities. So the stronger study, in a way, help us address that comment. 01:21:00.000 --> 01:21:08.000 But it will be interesting to to be able to collaborate with other indigenous communities in the future. 01:21:08.000 --> 01:21:17.000 Alright got more coming in. So other regions, such as India, Indonesia, South Africa, are affected by high levels of natural, naturally occurring metals. 01:21:17.000 --> 01:21:25.000 Have you established international collaboration with other mining regions and trying to leverage, sharing of experience? 01:21:25.000 --> 01:21:26.000 Steve, do you want to talk about the Bangladesh work? 01:21:26.000 --> 01:21:28.000 Maybe. 01:21:28.000 --> 01:21:45.000 I'll talk about various work. But first and foremost, one of our main collaborators is heading, Penning in Australia, and there's a lot of mining and Austin, Australia. 01:21:45.000 --> 01:22:02.000 So we have that, and then Ben Bosnick has a number of international collaborations also in Asia, with a long running projects in India, Thailand, Cambrodia. 01:22:02.000 --> 01:22:10.000 So so, yeah, we do have a lot of international work. 01:22:10.000 --> 01:22:12.000 The only one that I'm aware of. 01:22:12.000 --> 01:22:24.000 That's specifically focused on mining, though, is the work in Australia. 01:22:24.000 --> 01:22:30.000 Alright! Thank you for that. Alright. The next question is, if iron is that low? 01:22:30.000 --> 01:22:43.000 Some other issue, or sorry to comment. If the iron is not low, some other issues going on with the arsenic situation in your target area regarding multi-omex, what parameters are you focusing? 01:22:43.000 --> 01:22:46.000 Or suggesting from the Omic studies. 01:22:46.000 --> 01:22:51.000 So we with the parameters that we are going to be using, is the DNA methylation. 01:22:51.000 --> 01:22:54.000 That's the one for for the epigenomics. 01:22:54.000 --> 01:22:59.000 And we are focusing on them metabolomics data and the metabolics. 01:22:59.000 --> 01:23:03.000 We have 2 types of Omega metabolics, data. 01:23:03.000 --> 01:23:09.000 We have one which is lipid, based epidemics, and then we have the non lipid base platform. 01:23:09.000 --> 01:23:16.000 So all of this data will be integrated. We also have access to a microbiome data. 01:23:16.000 --> 01:23:23.000 And actually, this would provide some opportunities for a intercenter collaborations with the University of New Mexico. 01:23:23.000 --> 01:23:40.000 As we can leverage. But the microbiome data actually is going to be is ongoing the data collection for the microbiome is going right now in this summer study face 7. So it's going to take a while for us to be able to access that. 01:23:40.000 --> 01:23:45.000 Thanks, Anna, and then how many monitoring wells do you have at this moment? 01:23:45.000 --> 01:23:49.000 Are they under circle of site, of investigation? 01:23:49.000 --> 01:23:51.000 So we have. We've done monitoring for more than 400 wells right now, based on the stronger water. 01:23:51.000 --> 01:24:11.000 Study, and some of our previous collaborations. The collaboration with Usgs that I mentioned earlier, as well as now, the new sampling that ray show the picture with a new sampling going on, and they've already accomplished a lot of sampling in the last but the supplies 01:24:11.000 --> 01:24:16.000 we need more supplies. We are learning because they, our team locally. 01:24:16.000 --> 01:24:18.000 So amazing that they've collected a lot of water. 01:24:18.000 --> 01:24:24.000 Samples are already, but I don't know if they're under the surplus site of investigation. 01:24:24.000 --> 01:24:33.000 I'm not sure, Steve, do you know that answer to that question is that is that related to the quality control for the what does that mean? 01:24:33.000 --> 01:24:44.000 No, I mean we don't. We're not investigating a specific circus site, you know. 01:24:44.000 --> 01:24:47.000 We're working on in the tribal areas. 01:24:47.000 --> 01:24:53.000 And but not specifically focused on any specific superfund site. 01:24:53.000 --> 01:24:58.000 Yeah, because there is the supercom site in our area are a little bit further away. 01:24:58.000 --> 01:25:10.000 And so so we are not looking into the super fun site, particularly. Yeah. 01:25:10.000 --> 01:25:17.000 Awesome. Well, thank you for that, and with that it's time to wrap up and move along to the closing of everything. 01:25:17.000 --> 01:25:18.000 Thank you again. Anna, Steve and Ray. It was a great presentation, and thank you to the Unm. 01:25:18.000 --> 01:25:34.000 Folks as well to Jose, Alicia, and Anjali. 01:25:34.000 --> 01:25:35.000 Thank you so much. Everyone. 01:25:35.000 --> 01:25:37.000 Thank you so much to all of you for the great work that you present, that you presented, and we're looking really forward to your research, and throughout the next 5 years, so so I have a couple of concluding things. 01:25:37.000 --> 01:25:44.000 So please don't leave yet everybody. So before we conclude, let's take a look at the the seminar homepage. 01:25:44.000 --> 01:25:54.000 So this website will be active from today on. 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