WEBVTT

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Good morning. My name is Cindy Frickle.

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I work with Jim Cummings in the

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office of Superfund Remediation

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and technology innovation and I'm

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excited to be sharing with you

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today a presentation that covers.

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Information in a document that we

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will be putting out shortly from EPA.

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So this presentation and document

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are called geology best practices,

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conceptual site model development for

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site characterization and remediation.

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So why are we creating this document?

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We have seen that geologic principles

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are often underrepresented in our

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work and the environmental field.

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Often practitioners will use

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geotechnical approaches more frequently,

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focusing on grain size and sorting

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rather than the larger geologic picture.

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So we are now coming into what we

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call a geological renaissance.

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We want to reestablish the importance

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of a strong geologic model in

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our investigation and remedies.

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Data has also shown us that we need it,

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so more than 80% of Epas optimization

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reviews have identified an incomplete

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conceptual site model as a significant issue.

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So by going back to the geology,

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we think that this will help improve

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our site team's knowledge and give

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them a better ability to speak about

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the working conceptual site model.

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And this will also help us take care of

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those lagging or ineffective remedies.

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That. Are in such a state because

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of incomplete understanding

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of groundwater flow pathways.

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The topics of my presentation to cover

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those of our document coming out.

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So that will include a overview of the

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conceptual site models and how to build them.

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Understanding geologic

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environments for site remediation,

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testing and validating a CSM.

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00:02:40.070 --> 00:02:44.095
Developing a 3D CSM and then applying

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that CSM for use in selecting remedies.

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May talk about conceptual site

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model or CSM. This is really what?

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Should be helping to drive our data needs.

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And help us determine what?

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Remedies we will use for the site.

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We want to build a CSM by working

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from large scale to smaller scale.

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And this helps us determine what

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remedial processes are possible.

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And what data is needed to support the CSM?

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And one important thing that is often

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overlooked is just where are the

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water supplies screens in an area and

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what units might they be screened in?

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An EPA Superfund program.

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We identify 6 stages in the

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cleanup projects lifecycle.

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The CSM is a living document whose

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life spans all six of these stages.

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As additional data is. Collected

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throughout the project lifecycle.

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The CSM should be updated for later use.

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So each remediation site will of

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course have a project manager.

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For those of you who are project managers,

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I encourage you to always have a

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project geologist on your team.

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This is very important when

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groundwater contamination is present.

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Without understanding geology,

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we really can't understand what controls

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contaminant movement in the subsurface.

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By collaborating with the project geologist.

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This team member can help design

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data collection activities assist

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with development of your CSM.

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And they will bring an understanding

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of the local and regional geologic

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setting and use geologic principles.

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To analyze data.

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That will support decision making

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throughout the project life cycle.

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Throughout this paper we

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we include best practices.

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The first one is listed here,

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which is that you should use an

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experienced project geologist to

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design a data collection plan and to

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interpret the data that is collected.

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So when I mentioned the basic

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principles of geology and that

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the project geologists would

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apply these in their work.

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This is exactly what I'm speaking about.

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00:05:45.080 --> 00:05:47.184
Basic principles of geology

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00:05:47.184 --> 00:05:48.251
are uniformitarianism,

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00:05:48.251 --> 00:05:50.956
or the concept that geologic

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00:05:50.956 --> 00:05:54.161
processes work the same today as

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00:05:54.161 --> 00:05:56.556
they have throughout geologic time.

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00:05:56.560 --> 00:05:59.880
Superposition and original horizontality.

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00:06:02.010 --> 00:06:07.099
Which means that sediments are laid out.

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Laterally or horizontally?

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00:06:10.160 --> 00:06:12.200
And they're.

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00:06:12.200 --> 00:06:16.079
Originally relatively flat.

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00:06:16.080 --> 00:06:19.368
And the older rocks would be.

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00:06:19.370 --> 00:06:21.008
To the bottom,

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00:06:21.008 --> 00:06:24.284
the younger rocks on top originally.

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00:06:24.290 --> 00:06:27.002
Cross cutting relationships means

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00:06:27.002 --> 00:06:30.210
that formations or features that cut

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00:06:30.210 --> 00:06:33.300
through other rocks those formed later,

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00:06:33.300 --> 00:06:36.210
such as the Gray colored ****

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00:06:36.210 --> 00:06:37.902
that we see cutting through the

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00:06:37.902 --> 00:06:40.110
Red Rock on the lower left image.

NOTE Confidence: 0.833700491764706

00:06:42.290 --> 00:06:44.670
Lateral continuity means that layers

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00:06:44.670 --> 00:06:47.510
of sediment begin as continuous beds

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00:06:47.510 --> 00:06:49.850
that spread out in all directions.

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00:06:49.850 --> 00:06:52.558
And then heterogeneity um

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00:06:52.558 --> 00:06:55.943
heterogeneous means that something is.

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00:06:55.950 --> 00:06:57.794
Not the same throughout.

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00:06:57.794 --> 00:07:00.099
That would be called homogeneous.

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00:07:00.100 --> 00:07:02.340
So when we say something is heterogeneous,

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00:07:02.340 --> 00:07:04.716
we mean that it is not the same throughout.

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00:07:11.460 --> 00:07:13.860
In our document, we discussed

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geological environments in three groups.

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00:07:16.260 --> 00:07:17.276
Overburden, fracture,

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00:07:17.276 --> 00:07:19.308
bedrock and the transitional

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00:07:19.308 --> 00:07:21.340
environment between the two,

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00:07:21.340 --> 00:07:22.692
which is sometimes referred

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to as the top of bedrock.

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00:07:24.720 --> 00:07:27.288
Each of these components has specific

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characteristics that we should consider

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while creating and revising a CSM.

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00:07:31.780 --> 00:07:33.300
These are discussed in much

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more detail in our paper.

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00:07:38.740 --> 00:07:40.260
So when you're building CSM,

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where should you start?

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Well you should always start at the

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large scale and then work your way in

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smaller so to begin building the media

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00:07:50.022 --> 00:07:52.390
and transport portion of your CSM.

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00:07:52.390 --> 00:07:54.438
You first determine what

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are the lithologic units.

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00:07:56.490 --> 00:08:00.495
And structures that are likely to be on site.

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00:08:00.500 --> 00:08:02.495
Then you would zoom in to the

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site scale and look at the site

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00:08:04.979 --> 00:08:06.535
specific geology and lithology,

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00:08:06.540 --> 00:08:09.030
such as the vertical and spatial

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00:08:09.030 --> 00:08:11.932
extent of rock units or subunits

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00:08:11.932 --> 00:08:14.004
or the soil texture.

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00:08:14.010 --> 00:08:15.740
Or bedrock type and competency.

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00:08:18.610 --> 00:08:20.619
All of this is going to help

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00:08:20.619 --> 00:08:22.204
inform our understanding of how

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00:08:22.204 --> 00:08:23.869
contaminants move in the subsurface.

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00:08:29.690 --> 00:08:31.994
So I mentioned that we would start at

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the regional scale and then zoom in

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locally and down to the site scale.

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00:08:35.970 --> 00:08:38.352
So when working at the site scale, remember

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to work within the regional framework.

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00:08:40.890 --> 00:08:45.394
So keep in mind what is happening regionally.

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And just kind of check in between the two.

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00:08:53.190 --> 00:08:54.502
What geologic characteristics are

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00:08:54.502 --> 00:08:56.470
features do you think are going

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00:08:56.525 --> 00:08:57.935
to be important at the site?

NOTE Confidence: 0.83135172125

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And then develop a mapping

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00:09:04.955 --> 00:09:06.500
strategy that emphasizes.

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00:09:06.500 --> 00:09:08.424
The identification and mapping

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00:09:08.424 --> 00:09:09.867
of appropriate features.

NOTE Confidence: 0.723439298

00:09:20.860 --> 00:09:23.004
Like geologic features, heterogeneity

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00:09:23.004 --> 00:09:26.220
can occur at all spatial scales.

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00:09:26.220 --> 00:09:28.284
What's important is that we determine

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which scales of heterogeneities

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00:09:29.716 --> 00:09:31.186
are likely to control contaminant

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00:09:31.186 --> 00:09:32.995
migration or storage at a site

NOTE Confidence: 0.723439298

00:09:32.995 --> 00:09:34.410
based on that site's geology.

NOTE Confidence: 0.803625113333333

00:09:37.030 --> 00:09:39.375
The scale of the study and CSM

NOTE Confidence: 0.803625113333333

00:09:39.375 --> 00:09:41.479
should be considered to inform

NOTE Confidence: 0.803625113333333

00:09:41.479 --> 00:09:43.018
the investigation strategies.

NOTE Confidence: 0.907555206

00:09:45.560 --> 00:09:48.660
And this needs to be done at the right scale.

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00:09:48.660 --> 00:09:51.560
For example, fine scale hydraulic

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00:09:51.560 --> 00:09:53.880
conductivity variability may be

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00:09:53.880 --> 00:09:56.904
important at the source area scale at

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00:09:56.904 --> 00:09:59.314
the source area for characterization,

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00:09:59.320 --> 00:10:01.084
but it may not be so important

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00:10:01.084 --> 00:10:03.213
if the goal is simply to define

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00:10:03.213 --> 00:10:04.848
and excavate the source zone.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:08.180 --> 00:10:10.490
Minor variations in hydraulic conductivity

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00:10:10.490 --> 00:10:13.381
in the horizontal or vertical direction

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00:10:13.381 --> 00:10:15.921
can have significant implications on

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00:10:15.921 --> 00:10:18.660
groundwater flow and contaminant transport,

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00:10:18.660 --> 00:10:21.096
for example in the second line

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00:10:21.096 --> 00:10:23.309
of the chart highlighted in red.

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00:10:23.310 --> 00:10:25.930
A relatively homogeneous speech sand

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:25.930 --> 00:10:28.550
was characterized at this site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:28.550 --> 00:10:31.706
A horizontal change in deposition was

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:31.706 --> 00:10:34.998
observed on average across 2.8 meters.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:34.998 --> 00:10:37.968
However, a vertical change was

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00:10:37.968 --> 00:10:41.370
observed at only 12 centimeters.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:41.370 --> 00:10:43.106
As you can see in this chart,

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00:10:43.110 --> 00:10:46.210
vertical heterogeneity is much greater

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00:10:46.210 --> 00:10:48.690
than the horizontal heterogeneity,

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:48.690 --> 00:10:51.350
which is often by two or more

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:51.350 --> 00:10:52.490
orders of magnitude.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:52.490 --> 00:10:54.830
So This is why we sample.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:54.830 --> 00:10:57.446
We use much closer vertical spacing

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:10:57.446 --> 00:11:02.030
for sampling than we do horizontally.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:11:02.030 --> 00:11:04.333
So looking at this kind of information

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:11:04.333 --> 00:11:07.421
on a site specific basis will help you

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:11:07.421 --> 00:11:10.452
determine how many samples are needed in

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:11:10.452 --> 00:11:12.787
the horizontal and vertical directions

NOTE Confidence: 0.837872038571428

00:11:12.787 --> 00:11:15.450
to characterize the site appropriately.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:19.570 --> 00:11:22.195
Now when you're starting to build your

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:22.195 --> 00:11:25.696
CSM at the regional scale and site scale.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:25.700 --> 00:11:28.732
You really can. You can go out and

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:28.732 --> 00:11:31.773
find all sorts of information before

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:31.773 --> 00:11:35.590
actually taking any samples at the site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:35.590 --> 00:11:41.695
Um. We have. I have here.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:41.695 --> 00:11:46.560
We have included in the in the paper a list

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:46.560 --> 00:11:49.998
of US specific documents or resources,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:54.050
but I found that there are.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:54.050 --> 00:11:56.025
There are very similar resources

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:56.025 --> 00:11:57.210
available in Taiwan,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:11:57.210 --> 00:12:00.708
so there's a National Geological Survey.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:00.710 --> 00:12:05.158
You might have some local agencies that also.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:05.160 --> 00:12:07.295
Keep track of some of this information.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:07.300 --> 00:12:09.060
Carry these kinds of records.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:09.060 --> 00:12:12.096
There are universities that may have

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:12.096 --> 00:12:14.590
local information about your site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:14.590 --> 00:12:16.700
They're professional societies that exist,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:16.700 --> 00:12:20.550
such as the geological society.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:20.550 --> 00:12:21.278
Environmental agencies,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:21.278 --> 00:12:23.826
which I think includes all of you

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:23.826 --> 00:12:25.773
that are watching you maintain

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:25.773 --> 00:12:27.668
your own site cleanup documents.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:27.670 --> 00:12:30.694
So perhaps there's another site nearby that

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:30.694 --> 00:12:32.978
has geological information that you could.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:32.980 --> 00:12:36.900
Sift through and then there are also

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:36.900 --> 00:12:40.896
other field trip guides or I did see that

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:40.896 --> 00:12:44.460
there is a roadside geology of Taiwan.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:44.460 --> 00:12:45.572
That is available online.

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:45.572 --> 00:12:46.674
I have, we have,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:46.674 --> 00:12:48.578
we have a whole series of those

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:48.578 --> 00:12:49.610
in the States,

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:49.610 --> 00:12:52.268
but they also provide important information

NOTE Confidence: 0.809990301333334

00:12:52.268 --> 00:12:55.089
about local geology that can be applied.

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:12:58.560 --> 00:13:02.600
We have many best practices in the document

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:02.600 --> 00:13:05.760
about choosing your your data sources.

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:05.760 --> 00:13:07.475
So you want to use peer reviewed,

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:07.480 --> 00:13:08.672
published technical

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:08.672 --> 00:13:10.460
sources whenever possible,

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:10.460 --> 00:13:13.456
use and cite those primary data sources.

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:13.460 --> 00:13:15.728
And then if you're using boring

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:15.728 --> 00:13:18.340
logs from a previous investigation,

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:18.340 --> 00:13:21.136
there are actually quite a few

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:21.136 --> 00:13:23.000
quality control checks that

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:23.087 --> 00:13:25.417
we included in this document,

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:25.420 --> 00:13:28.556
the biggest one being that it's important

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:28.556 --> 00:13:32.180
to apply your quality control procedures.

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:32.180 --> 00:13:34.120
Before you use an,

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:34.120 --> 00:13:36.060
interpret those boring logs.

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:36.060 --> 00:13:38.142
So ensure that the boring logs

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:38.142 --> 00:13:40.792
are of high enough quality to use

NOTE Confidence: 0.879759404444445

00:13:40.792 --> 00:13:43.156
before you go digging through them.

NOTE Confidence: 0.865678716

00:13:46.320 --> 00:13:49.064
OK, now once we have much of

NOTE Confidence: 0.865678716

00:13:49.064 --> 00:13:50.000
this information together,

NOTE Confidence: 0.865678716

00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:53.507
how do we express the geologic CSM?

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:13:55.520 --> 00:13:59.070
So this is going to depend on what you want

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:13:59.159 --> 00:14:02.543
to show and how complicated is your site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:02.550 --> 00:14:04.608
That right, here's a chart of many

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:04.608 --> 00:14:06.220
different types of expressions.

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:06.220 --> 00:14:09.060
I will go through a handful of these,

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:09.060 --> 00:14:11.769
but your CSM will be a combination

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:11.769 --> 00:14:14.429
of written and graphical formats.

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:14.430 --> 00:14:16.845
This will explain what's known about the

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:16.845 --> 00:14:20.227
site in a logical and comprehensive manner.

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:20.230 --> 00:14:22.288
In the early stages of characterization,

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:22.290 --> 00:14:24.898
you may have very little data and a

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:24.898 --> 00:14:27.809
lot of uncertainties about the CSM,

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:27.810 --> 00:14:30.994
so you might use very simple graphics and

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:30.994 --> 00:14:34.296
text here to express the site conditions.

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:34.300 --> 00:14:37.058
As your knowledge about the site increases,

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:37.060 --> 00:14:39.548
the CSM will become more detailed and then

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:39.548 --> 00:14:42.701
you may need more sophisticated ways to

NOTE Confidence: 0.922494819444445

00:14:42.701 --> 00:14:44.669
express those geologic characteristics.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:14:50.930 --> 00:14:54.770
The first example CSM would be a 2

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:14:54.770 --> 00:14:58.234
dimensional CSM including plan, view, maps.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:14:58.234 --> 00:15:01.608
I think we're all familiar with these.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:01.610 --> 00:15:03.722
These are beneficial because

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:03.722 --> 00:15:05.306
they're easily understood.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:05.310 --> 00:15:08.439
You don't necessarily need to be very

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:08.439 --> 00:15:11.029
technical to understand what's on a map.

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:11.030 --> 00:15:14.840
And if they're prepared correctly,

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:14.840 --> 00:15:17.836
you can use a mix of quantitative

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:17.836 --> 00:15:19.777
and interpretive spatial data from

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:19.777 --> 00:15:21.931
which the user can very quickly

NOTE Confidence: 0.837319800833333

00:15:21.931 --> 00:15:23.549
observe patterns spatially.

NOTE Confidence: 0.836068024

00:15:27.390 --> 00:15:30.490
Another another type of two-dimensional

NOTE Confidence: 0.836068024

00:15:30.490 --> 00:15:33.590
CSM is a cross section.

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:36.660 --> 00:15:39.397
So this is a diagram which shows

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:39.397 --> 00:15:41.476
geologic features that have been

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:41.476 --> 00:15:43.556
transected by a vertical plane.

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:43.560 --> 00:15:47.488
So you may have a singular cross section.

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:47.490 --> 00:15:49.356
We have a singular cross section,

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:49.360 --> 00:15:52.312
or you may have many of them put together.

NOTE Confidence: 0.844540628235294

00:15:52.320 --> 00:15:54.120
These are called fence diagrams.

NOTE Confidence: 0.871764404375

00:15:56.820 --> 00:15:59.697
So these provide a good understanding of

NOTE Confidence: 0.871764404375

00:15:59.697 --> 00:16:03.016
the sequence of geologic materials at a

NOTE Confidence: 0.871764404375

00:16:03.016 --> 00:16:05.166
specific location and an interpretation

NOTE Confidence: 0.871764404375

00:16:05.166 --> 00:16:07.458
of the continuity of these letters

NOTE Confidence: 0.871764404375

00:16:07.458 --> 00:16:09.670
both horizontally and vertically.

NOTE Confidence: 0.806496253

00:16:12.250 --> 00:16:14.780
Many CSM's use cross sections

NOTE Confidence: 0.806496253

00:16:14.780 --> 00:16:17.310
to show the geologic framework.

NOTE Confidence: 0.806496253

00:16:17.310 --> 00:16:18.766
Often, um, most commonly,

NOTE Confidence: 0.806496253

00:16:18.766 --> 00:16:20.950
we use boring log data to

NOTE Confidence: 0.806496253

00:16:21.027 --> 00:16:23.099
produce these cross sections.

NOTE Confidence: 0.588672376666667

00:16:25.570 --> 00:16:26.698
And fence diagrams.

NOTE Confidence: 0.83238044

00:16:29.490 --> 00:16:33.510
Other 2D geologic representations may also

NOTE Confidence: 0.83238044

00:16:33.510 --> 00:16:37.006
be useful and become a part of the CSM,

NOTE Confidence: 0.83238044

00:16:37.010 --> 00:16:38.470
so these can include tables,

NOTE Confidence: 0.83238044

00:16:38.470 --> 00:16:40.518
graphs, photographs and figures.

NOTE Confidence: 0.825015339090909

00:16:44.630 --> 00:16:47.246
Here's an example of an initial

NOTE Confidence: 0.825015339090909

00:16:47.246 --> 00:16:50.020
2 DCSM that was developed.

NOTE Confidence: 0.825015339090909

00:16:50.020 --> 00:16:54.838
So in this example we have.

NOTE Confidence: 0.825015339090909

00:16:54.840 --> 00:16:59.034
Local scale. Of. Fractured data

NOTE Confidence: 0.825015339090909

00:16:59.034 --> 00:17:01.194
traced out around the site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:12.480 --> 00:17:15.900
What's an initial CSM is developed?

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:15.900 --> 00:17:18.525
Then we can test or validate the

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:18.525 --> 00:17:21.779
CSM using 3 dimensional exploration.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:21.780 --> 00:17:24.120
This can include drilling,

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:24.120 --> 00:17:26.996
test pitting or geophysics to

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:26.996 --> 00:17:29.140
assess the vertical dimension.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:29.140 --> 00:17:32.500
And then we can assess the lateral

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:32.500 --> 00:17:34.564
and vertical connectivity using

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:34.564 --> 00:17:36.740
hydraulic or tracer testing.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:36.740 --> 00:17:39.356
Another way is to assess hydraulic

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:39.356 --> 00:17:41.694
gradients in conjunction with the

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:41.694 --> 00:17:43.766
hydraulic or geologic information.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:43.770 --> 00:17:46.170
And as we go, as we.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:46.170 --> 00:17:47.259
Obtain more information.

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:47.259 --> 00:17:49.437
Then we should revise and update

NOTE Confidence: 0.68733296

00:17:49.437 --> 00:17:51.179
the conceptual site model.

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:17:54.100 --> 00:17:57.080
The conceptual block diagram is

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:17:57.080 --> 00:18:00.060
similar to a stratigraphic column.

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:00.060 --> 00:18:02.818
This is used to express the general

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:02.818 --> 00:18:04.660
relationship of geologic features,

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:04.660 --> 00:18:08.320
but they're displayed in three dimensions,

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:08.320 --> 00:18:10.462
so these will commonly include surface

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:10.462 --> 00:18:12.349
features in hydrologic or chemical

NOTE Confidence: 0.811824802

00:18:12.349 --> 00:18:14.349
conditions related to the geology.

NOTE Confidence: 0.849484606923077

00:18:16.510 --> 00:18:18.890
These are generally created as

NOTE Confidence: 0.849484606923077

00:18:18.890 --> 00:18:21.270
graphic images and not derived

NOTE Confidence: 0.849484606923077

00:18:21.352 --> 00:18:23.458
from geostatistical models.

NOTE Confidence: 0.849484606923077

00:18:23.460 --> 00:18:25.608
Which are driven by quantitative data.

NOTE Confidence: 0.867151437333333

00:18:27.640 --> 00:18:29.896
So we may commonly see this

NOTE Confidence: 0.867151437333333

00:18:29.896 --> 00:18:31.400
in an introductory section

NOTE Confidence: 0.867151437333333

00:18:31.470 --> 00:18:33.490
of the conceptual site model.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:18:45.630 --> 00:18:52.450
With a 3D CSM, we may choose to do a.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:18:52.450 --> 00:18:54.790
3D VA which is 3 dimensional.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:18:54.790 --> 00:18:56.422
Visualization and analysis.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:18:56.422 --> 00:18:59.686
So 3D VA is the representation,

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:18:59.690 --> 00:19:02.520
analysis and presentation of actual

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:02.520 --> 00:19:06.450
site data in three spatial dimensions.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:06.450 --> 00:19:08.940
This is a database geospatial

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:08.940 --> 00:19:11.430
representation of surface and subsurface

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:11.504 --> 00:19:13.780
conditions that incorporates all

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:13.780 --> 00:19:16.056
appropriate and available data.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:16.060 --> 00:19:18.528
It uses geostatistical interpolation

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:18.528 --> 00:19:21.613
methods to provide estimated values

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:21.613 --> 00:19:24.699
in regions where data is sparse.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:24.700 --> 00:19:29.160
Meaning in between sample locations.

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:29.160 --> 00:19:31.281
Now, there is a chart here of

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:31.281 --> 00:19:33.402
considerations that you should use when

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:33.402 --> 00:19:35.584
preparing and interpreting your 3D VAS,

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:35.584 --> 00:19:37.516
but in the interest of time,

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:37.520 --> 00:19:38.840
I'll leave this here and

NOTE Confidence: 0.731379592

00:19:38.840 --> 00:19:40.390
let you refer back to it.

NOTE Confidence: 0.898697289166667

00:19:44.850 --> 00:19:47.489
Now that we've seen some examples of

NOTE Confidence: 0.898697289166667

00:19:47.489 --> 00:19:50.119
conceptual site model types representations,

NOTE Confidence: 0.898697289166667

00:19:50.120 --> 00:19:52.202
let's step back to consider what

NOTE Confidence: 0.898697289166667

00:19:52.202 --> 00:19:53.940
is appropriate for specific site.

NOTE Confidence: 0.845552173333333

00:19:57.190 --> 00:19:59.380
So when you're planning for scoping.

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:02.650 --> 00:20:05.700
How do you know what you want to do or

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:05.785 --> 00:20:08.917
what you need to do in a specific site?

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:08.920 --> 00:20:11.360
So first you would identify

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:11.360 --> 00:20:13.800
the uncertainties in the CSM,

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:13.800 --> 00:20:17.200
what we do through the project life cycle.

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:17.200 --> 00:20:22.130
Is. Collect data that will help

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:22.130 --> 00:20:24.530
us decrease that uncertainty.

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:24.530 --> 00:20:28.010
So we want to go about planning activities.

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:28.010 --> 00:20:31.160
That will, um, help us.

NOTE Confidence: 0.880718598947368

00:20:31.160 --> 00:20:32.380
Systematically.

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:34.420 --> 00:20:37.048
Map out the project.

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:37.050 --> 00:20:40.160
So this means, um, EPA,

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:40.160 --> 00:20:41.995
we call this systematic project

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:41.995 --> 00:20:44.367
planning and this is a method

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:44.367 --> 00:20:46.211
for developing and revising

NOTE Confidence: 0.8740268125

00:20:46.211 --> 00:20:48.055
the conceptual site model.

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:20:50.070 --> 00:20:52.512
We have created several tools and

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:20:52.512 --> 00:20:54.607
technical guides that EPA that

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:20:54.607 --> 00:20:56.965
can help project teams balance the

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:20:56.965 --> 00:20:59.995
costs and benefit of geologic data

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:20:59.995 --> 00:21:03.685
collection and develop a strong scope.

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:21:03.690 --> 00:21:07.085
So here at the right we have

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:21:07.085 --> 00:21:09.370
this smart scoping guides.

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:21:09.370 --> 00:21:11.548
And I will share with you links to these

NOTE Confidence: 0.810647896

00:21:11.548 --> 00:21:13.439
guides at the end of the presentation.

NOTE Confidence: 0.833484744545455

00:21:17.730 --> 00:21:20.010
Important part of scoping is

NOTE Confidence: 0.833484744545455

00:21:20.010 --> 00:21:22.670
determining what your data needs are.

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So each CSM will have

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00:21:24.470 --> 00:21:25.910
different data density needs.

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This is determined by the local geology.

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00:21:29.780 --> 00:21:32.395
Reviewing existing data from previous

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00:21:32.395 --> 00:21:36.130
investigations of on site or nearby areas.

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Um such as from the resources mentioned

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00:21:38.706 --> 00:21:41.171
earlier will give a general understanding

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00:21:41.171 --> 00:21:43.331
of how consistent the geologic

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00:21:43.331 --> 00:21:45.813
features are and what depositional

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00:21:45.813 --> 00:21:47.877
environments created the deposits.

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00:21:52.190 --> 00:21:53.810
There's really, unfortunately,

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00:21:53.810 --> 00:21:57.050
no rule of thumb for determining

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00:21:57.050 --> 00:21:59.425
how the number determining what

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00:21:59.425 --> 00:22:02.120
the number of borings needed is.

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00:22:02.120 --> 00:22:04.060
But the scale of heterogeneity

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that's at the site and the

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00:22:06.499 --> 00:22:08.171
acceptable level of uncertainty

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00:22:08.171 --> 00:22:11.070
in your CSM will help guide you.

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00:22:19.990 --> 00:22:23.378
Here's a list of scoping best practices.

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00:22:23.380 --> 00:22:24.852
For example, scope from

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00:22:24.852 --> 00:22:26.692
large scale to small scale,

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00:22:26.700 --> 00:22:30.579
small scale when it comes to your data needs.

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00:22:30.580 --> 00:22:33.185
Scope by the project objectives

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00:22:33.185 --> 00:22:34.748
and decision points.

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00:22:34.750 --> 00:22:37.620
Use a dynamic work strategy.

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00:22:37.620 --> 00:22:40.920
That may mean that you have

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00:22:40.920 --> 00:22:42.570
iterative investigation phases

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00:22:42.570 --> 00:22:44.941
or contingent investigations to

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00:22:44.941 --> 00:22:48.980
address new data as it comes along.

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00:22:48.980 --> 00:22:53.250
I'm sure to utilize all available resources.

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00:22:53.250 --> 00:22:54.924
These can include those that were

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00:22:54.924 --> 00:22:56.990
in the list I shared earlier.

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00:23:00.870 --> 00:23:04.668
Now we've talked about the types

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00:23:04.668 --> 00:23:08.840
of CSMS. And representations.

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00:23:08.840 --> 00:23:10.244
We talked about scoping.

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00:23:10.244 --> 00:23:12.690
What's going to go into your CSM?

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00:23:15.080 --> 00:23:17.852
And so now when you have

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a good CSM put together.

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00:23:20.890 --> 00:23:23.020
How do you use it?

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00:23:23.020 --> 00:23:23.960
So here at the left,

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00:23:23.960 --> 00:23:25.676
there's an example of a site.

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00:23:25.680 --> 00:23:29.124
This is from 2011 paper on conceptual

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00:23:29.124 --> 00:23:31.972
site models by EPA. And again,

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00:23:31.972 --> 00:23:35.094
I'll share that link with you shortly.

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00:23:35.100 --> 00:23:37.818
So this shows a preliminary CSM,

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00:23:37.820 --> 00:23:41.279
very simple geology.

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00:23:41.280 --> 00:23:44.730
It's more conceptual and throughout

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00:23:44.730 --> 00:23:48.180
the evolution of the project.

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00:23:48.180 --> 00:23:50.676
Much more information was

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collected and the CSM was updated.

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00:23:54.620 --> 00:23:57.620
Which resulted in this diagram,

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00:23:57.620 --> 00:24:01.400
the larger diagram this design CSM.

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00:24:01.400 --> 00:24:04.592
So by updating the CSM for this

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00:24:04.592 --> 00:24:06.950
site throughout its lifecycle.

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00:24:06.950 --> 00:24:09.533
We learned that the geology was more

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00:24:09.533 --> 00:24:12.269
complicated than the initial CSM had assumed.

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00:24:12.270 --> 00:24:15.300
This led to a change in

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00:24:15.300 --> 00:24:16.815
remediation strategy which.

NOTE Confidence: 0.786546242727273

00:24:16.820 --> 00:24:18.900
Surely resulted in a more

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00:24:18.900 --> 00:24:20.980
effective cleanup than would have

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00:24:21.055 --> 00:24:23.435
happened if they had not done

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00:24:23.435 --> 00:24:24.524
this additional characterization.

NOTE Confidence: 0.894377589285714

00:24:31.380 --> 00:24:33.599
So in general, what we're doing with

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00:24:33.599 --> 00:24:35.847
all of these updates to our CSM.

NOTE Confidence: 0.894377589285714

00:24:35.850 --> 00:24:39.055
Is. Understanding the geology at

NOTE Confidence: 0.894377589285714

00:24:39.055 --> 00:24:41.900
the site which is going to help

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00:24:41.900 --> 00:24:43.460
us select more effective remedies

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00:24:43.523 --> 00:24:45.028
like in this example shown.

NOTE Confidence: 0.906444283076923

00:24:47.920 --> 00:24:49.576
Without understanding the geology,

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00:24:49.576 --> 00:24:53.250
we may spend a lot of time and money.

NOTE Confidence: 0.906444283076923

00:24:53.250 --> 00:24:55.194
And not have the most effective

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00:24:55.194 --> 00:24:56.490
cleanup that we could.

NOTE Confidence: 0.871918266

00:24:59.160 --> 00:25:02.976
By updating our CSM, we are ensuring that

NOTE Confidence: 0.871918266

00:25:02.976 --> 00:25:06.537
we understand what's happening at the site.

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00:25:06.540 --> 00:25:08.804
And that we are working with the geology.

NOTE Confidence: 0.920333085

00:25:13.240 --> 00:25:15.823
So this is just a preview of

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00:25:15.823 --> 00:25:17.939
the document that's coming soon.

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00:25:17.940 --> 00:25:20.268
So I'll remind you to check

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00:25:20.268 --> 00:25:22.261
our website in early 2023.

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00:25:22.261 --> 00:25:25.348
And keep an eye out for our

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00:25:25.348 --> 00:25:27.430
best practices for geology.

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00:25:27.430 --> 00:25:29.980
Meanwhile, we do have some documents

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00:25:29.980 --> 00:25:32.133
that are available which will

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00:25:32.133 --> 00:25:34.048
help you scope your studies.

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00:25:34.050 --> 00:25:36.647
So the one that I mentioned recently,

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00:25:36.650 --> 00:25:38.790
most recently is environmental

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00:25:38.790 --> 00:25:40.930
cleanup best management practices

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00:25:40.930 --> 00:25:43.668
about the project lifecycle CSM.

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00:25:43.670 --> 00:25:47.198
There are also a few smart scoping and

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00:25:47.198 --> 00:25:49.648
strategic sampling guides that can

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00:25:49.648 --> 00:25:52.118
help you scope your investigations.

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00:25:52.120 --> 00:25:54.164
These are all available on Epps website.

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00:25:58.630 --> 00:26:01.318
I'd like to thank my team that

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00:26:01.318 --> 00:26:03.569
has helped develop this document

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00:26:03.570 --> 00:26:05.635
and I thank you for your attention

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today and I hope you enjoy the rest

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of the presentations. Thank you.