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DIVEX: Response and Removal Action: Produced by U.S. EPA Environmental Response Team Published
This video highlights a unique site consisting of two different locations within Richland County, South Carolina. After a large explosion resulted in the death of Divex’s site operator, the U.S. EPA, working in conjunction with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the Department of Defense, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Coast Guard Strike Force, determines the extent of contamination at the chemical company’s site. The cleanup personnel perform many dangerous tasks, including identifying and moving scores of unknown volatile chemicals and detonating 40,000 pounds of explosives. Running time is 22 minutes.

DNAPL Characterization Methods and Approaches Published 2002
Contamination from the use of chlorinated solvents, often classified as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) when in an undissolved state, represents an environmental challenge with global implications. The identification of DNAPL source zones located beneath the water table is critical to ultimately achieve site remediation and aquifer restoration. These papers from Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation provide a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of many of the methods being used for detecting and delineating DNAPL contaminant source zones and compare the costs for implementing various characterization approaches using synthetic unit model scenarios. The objective is to determine which options are best to pursue based on site characteristics, method performance, and method costs. The findings can be used to assist with selection of appropriate site remediation management options.

DNAPL Remediation: Selected Projects Approaching Regulatory Closure Published 2004
This paper is a status update on the use of DNAPL source reduction remedial technologies, and provides information about recent projects where regulatory closure has been reached or projects that are approaching regulatory closure, following source reduction. Information is presented about the challenges associated with DNAPL remediation, the types of in situ technologies used, and data and findings concerning the relative effectiveness of field applications of these technologies. Appendix A contains project profiles for eight field applications that illustrate some of the findings presented in this paper.

DNAPL Site Evaluation Published 1993
This manual is designed to guide investigators involved in the planning and implementation of characterization studies at sites suspected of having subsurface contamination by Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). The primary goal of this manual is to help site managers minimize the risks and maximize the cost-effectiveness of site investigation/remediation by providing the best information available to describe and evaluate activities that can be used to determine the presence, fate, and transport of subsurface DNAPL contamination.

Data Validation Procedure for Routine Inorganic Analysis Published 11/03/1994
Establish a protocol for evaluation and validation of the routine inorganic data generated in the SERAS lab as well as data submitted to SERA by subcontract labs in preparation for inclusion into an analytical report.

Data Validation Procedures for Dioxin/Furan Analysis by HRGC/HRMS Published 09/15/1994
To outline a procedure to facilitate the validation process of dioxin and furan data reported by subcontracting labs and to ensure that the data is being reviewed in a uniform manner.

Data Validation Procedures for Routine Organic Analysis Published 10/04/1994
To establish a protocol for evaluation and validation of the data generated in the REAC lab as well as data submitted to REAC by subcontract labs in preparation for inclusion into an analytical report.

Data Validation Procedures for Routine Volatile Organic Analysis Published 01/13/2004
To establish a protocol for evaluation and validation of the volatile organic compound data generated by the Response Engineering and Analytical Contract laboratory as well as VOC data generated by subcontracted labs.

Demonstration of Two Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization Approaches Published 2004
This report summarize the results of a demonstration of optimization methods to improve the design of long-term groundwater monitoring programs. The report discusses the results of application of two different long-term groundwater monitoring optimization (LTMO) methods including:

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS) software tool; and
The Three-Tiered Monitoring Network Optimization (MNO) approach.

The two methods were applied at three different sites (the Fort Lewis Logistics Center, the Long Prairie Groundwater Contamination Superfund site, and Operable Unit D at McClellan Air Force Base). The primary goals of this demonstration project were to highlight current strategies for applying optimization techniques to existing long-term monitoring programs, and to assist site managers in understanding the potential benefits associated with monitoring program optimization.

Demonstrations of Method Applicability under a Triad Approach for Site Assessment and Cleanup - Technology Bulletin Published 2008
Demonstrations of Method Applicability (DMA) are a key component of using real-time measurement technologies and are presented in this bulletin through: answers to frequently asked questions on key aspects of DMAs, examples of DMAs performed at hazardous waste sites, and sources of additional information for communities and project teams that desire to implement DMAs and the Triad approach.

Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Cleanup: Accomplishments at Twelve NPL Sites Published 2010
This document was prepared by Serena Ryan, a National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) grantee under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of this report is to provide an overview of remedial accomplishments at 12 current or former NPL sites affected by DNAPL and/or associated dissolved, vapor, or sorbed phase contamination. This report summarizes relevant information about these sites, including site sizes, contaminants, technologies, concentration level reductions, and current remedial status. A discussion of DNAPL characteristics, fate, and transport, as well as a summary of DNAPL remediation technologies, is also included. Case studies of individual sites are also provided.

Description and Identification of Soils Published 02/23/2004
The intent of this SOP is to establish a consistent method for describing oils that are to be sampled and analyzed in the course of a site investigation. Soil descriptions and identifications provide key information when investigating HW sites.

Destruction Technologies for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) Published 2000
A critical, necessarily not exhaustive, review of destruction technologies for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is reported. PCBs are one of the best known of the twelve compound classes defined as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP). Produced by International Centre for Science and High Technology United Nations Industrial Development Organization (ICS-UNIDO).

Detailed Hydraulic Assessment Using a High-Resolution Piezocone Coupled to the GeoVIS Published 2008
The objective of this effort was to conduct a full-scale demonstration of the use of the high-resolution piezocone and GeoVIS to determine direction and rate of ground water flow in three dimensions. While the GeoVIS did not provide effective porosity values within the anticipated range, the high-resolution piezocone and resulting models fall within the quantitative tolerances set forth in this demonstration. Therefore, the sensor probe approach to determining hydrogeologic characteristics is deemed appropriate for the demonstration site characteristics. When compared to conventional approaches comprised of clustered well installations, aquifer tests, sample analyses, and three-dimensional and cross-sectional interpolations, cost savings for flux distribution determination using the high-resolution piezocone coupled with a membrane interface probe system exceeds 60 percent.

Determination of Fluoride in Air Samples by Ion-Selective (ISE) Methods Published 02/07/2001
This method can be used for analyzing particulate and gaseous (soluble) fluoride in air samples that have been collected using filter/treated pad cassettes.

Determination of Granular Soil Permeability (Constant Head) Published 06/27/2003
Outlines the procedure for the determination of the coefficient of permeability by a constant-head method for granular soils.

Determination of Mercury by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absortion (CVAA) (EPA/SW-846 Methods 7000A/7470A/7471A) Published 03/17/2006
Based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 Methods 7000A, 7470A and 7471A and those requirements set forth in the latest approved version of the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Committee (NELAC) Quality Systems section.

Determination of Metals by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA) (EPA/SW-846 Methods 3015/7000A/7421/7740/7841/7060A) Published 01/20/2006
This method is applicable for the GFAA analysis of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and thallium (Tl) in waters.

Determination of Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Methods (EPA/SW-846 Methods 3015/3050B/6010B) Published 03/17/2006
This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the digestion and analysis procedures for metals in water and solid matrices using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy.

Determination of Methyl Parathion in Wipe Samples by Immunoassay Published 03/01/1998
Provide guidance on the requirements for the analysis of methyl parathion in wipe samples using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).

Determination of Nitroglycerin in Soil Gas by Scan X Jr. Published 12/16/1994
This procedure was developed to analyze for nitroglycerine in soil gases. A level of action was selected at 1 ppm (part per million) as determined by headspace analysis of a commercially obtained 1 ppm nitroglycerine in soil standard.

Determination of Percent Moisture, pH, Melting Point and Cloud Point at the Standard Chlorine-Metachem Site Published 02/11/2004
Describes the methods to be used for the on-site determination of percent (%) moisture, pH, melting point and cloud point in pure product and other matrices.

Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air Published 09/16/1994
This method was developed to determine the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air. The method can be slightly modified for testing pesticides in air.

Dexsil L2000 PCB/Chloride Analyzer for Drum Surfaces Published 1999
This case study is one of a series designed to provide cost and performance information for innovative tools that support less costly and more representative site characterization. These case studies will include reports on new technologies as well as novel applications of familiar tools or processes.

Directory of Technical Assistance for Land Revitalization Published 2003
This directory includes information about the different types of support available to help with site assessment and cleanup, including technical support and funding sources.

Directory of Technology Support Services to Brownfields Localities Published 1999
This directory provides information about EPA offices, nongovernment organizations funded by EPA, and other federal agencies, that may be able to provide expertise to assist in the selection of technologies to characterize and clean up brownfields properties.

DoD Vapor Intrusion Handbook Published 2009
This handbook was developed by the Tri-Service Environmental Risk Assessment Work Group (TSERAWG) to serve as a resource for remedial project managers (RPMs) who may need to investigate the vapor intrusion pathway at Department of Defense (DoD) sites. The Tri-Services of the DoD include the Departments of the Air Force, Army, and Navy, with the Department of the Navy (DON) including both the Navy and the Marine Corps. This handbook was developed to support RPMs working on both active and closed Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps bases, as well as Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS). The handbook is intended to provide a general framework for conducting vapor intrusion investigations under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP). Both residential and occupational exposure scenarios are discussed since both groups can be affected by vapor intrusion.

Drum Sampling Published 11/16/1994
Provide technical guidance on implementing safe and cost-effective response actions at hazardous waste sites containing drums with unknown contents.

Drum Site (Matthews, NC): Produced by U.S. EPA Environmental Response Team Published
In Matthews, NC, EPA Region IV was faced with the formidable task of identification and disposal of 5,000 contaminant-filled drums from an abandoned warehouse. Various wastes were contained in the drums including ethylene glycol, peroxides, acids, and flammable liquids and solids. An on-site laboratory was set up at the small 2-acre site to aid in the characterization of wastes, allowing compatible waste streams to be 'bulked' for disposal. Running time is 6 minutes.

Drycleaner Remediation Programs: An Overview and Case Studies Published 2001
EPA's Technology Innovation Office (TIO) provided a grant through the National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) to assess the status of state drycleaner remediation programs and cleanups. This report, prepared by a graduate student from the University of Michigan during the summer of 2001, is intended to provide an overview of the drycleaner remediation programs in Kansas, Oregon and Wisconsin, an analysis of the common program strengths and weaknesses, and case studies documenting drycleaner site cleanups within these states.

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