| This publication provides potential private sector partners interested in the development of new and innovative hazardous waste technologies with information on opportunities for entering into joint public-private development projects. |
EPA 542-R-96-006
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| This issue paper has been prepared by EPA's Federal Facilities Forum to provide information about technologies available for treatment of perchlorate contamination in environmental media, including technologies that have been used to date and others that show potential for treating such contamination. Furthermore, this paper provides site-specific information on 51 projects where treatment technologies have been or are being applied for full-scale treatment or field demonstrations. A brief overview of key perchlorate issues, including health effects and risks, regulatory standards and cleanup levels, degradation processes, and treatment technologies, is provided to give the reader context. However, these issues are not addressed in depth in this paper. |
EPA 542-R-05-015
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| This document provides technical recommendations regarding the types of monitoring parameters and analyses useful for evaluating the effectiveness of the natural attenuation component of ground-water remedial actions. The information will be helpful during the design of the performance monitoring plan as well as during its implementation. |
EPA 600-R-04-027
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| This document provides sufficient background in the science of PRB technology to allow a basic understanding of the chemical reactions that transform contaminants. It contains sections on PRB-treatable contaminants and the treatment reaction mechanisms; information on feasibility study, site characterization, design, emplacement, and monitoring issues specific to PRBs; and summaries of several field installations. |
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| This document was prepared by Kate Bronstein, a National Network of Environmental Management studies grantee, under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper is meant to be an updated reference for project managers, engineers, students, and others interested in a review of case studies of the instances where permeable reactive barriers have been used to remediate sites contaminated with inorganics and radionuclides. This paper mainly focuses on case studies, but a brief overview is given on topics such as: treatment media types, reactive processes, site characterization, configuration, and the nature of contamination. |
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| This report was prepared under grant for EPA by Nichole Ott, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) fellow. This report is intended to provide a basic summary and current status of permeable reactive barriers for inorganics. It contains information gathered from a range of currently available sources, including project documents, reports, periodicals, Internet searches, and personal communication with involved parties. |
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| Prepared by EPA's ORD, the document discusses the use of barrier walls employing zero-valent iron as the reactive substrate for treating groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons or chromium. |
EPA 600-F-97-008
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| This paper, prepared for ENRY2000 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia on September 27, 2001, describes some of the data on the kinds of contamination, media, and technologies deployed to deal with problems at sites with contaminated soil and groundwater. In addition, it highlights technology partnerships that have evolved to demonstrate and verify site measurement and clean-up technologies and to assure a more robust set of clean-up options. |
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| The purpose of this report is to develop a framework for policy makers to significantly accelerate the successful commercialization of innovative clean-up, treatment and site characterization technologies. The Environmental Capital Network has attempted to identify and understand the steps that can be taken to increase the quantity and speed of private equity investments in early stage companies developing and commercializing innovative remediation technologies. |
EPA 542-R-99-900
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| This analytical procedure is applicable to the determination of organochlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tissue matrices, using a gas chromatograph (GC) electron capture detector (ECD) method. |
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| Identifies information resources intended to aid users in remedial decisions. Includes abstracts of field reports and guidance documents. |
EPA 542-B-94-008
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| Remediation of sites contaminated with toxic metals is particularly challenging. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and the cleanup usually requires their removal. However, this energy-intensive approach can be prohibitively expensive. In addition, the metal removing process often employs stringent physicochemical agents which can dramatically inhibit soil fertility with subsequent negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a cost-effective, environmental-friendly alternative technology. A great deal of research indicates that plants have the genetic potential to remove many toxic metals from the soil. Despite this potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available technology. Progress in the field is hindered by a lack of understanding of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant-based mechanisms which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants. In this paper, four research areas relevant to metal phytoextraction from contaminated soil are reviewed. The review concludes with an assessment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions for future phytoremediation research. |
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| The Conference objectives included exchanging information on phytoremediation research, development, demonstrations, and the formation of an RTDF Action Team. |
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| This decision tree allows the user to take basic information from a specific site and use a flowchart layout to decide if phytoremediation is feasible at that site. |
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| This document was prepared by Ana Hoffnagle and Cynthia Green, two undergraduate students under internships with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The paper briefly explains the concept of phytoremediation, details phytoremediation site considerations, and summarizes the successes and failures of field-scale sites where phytotechnologies have been applied or proposed. |
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| This Guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and demonstrations, research articles, and Internet resources. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. |
EPA 542-B-99-003
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| This issue paper provides a concise overview of the processes associated with the use of phytoremediation as a cleanup or containment technique for remediation of soil, sediment, groundwater, and/or surface water at hazardous waste sites. |
EPA 540-S-01-500
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| This document was prepared by Amanda Van Epps during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. The purpose of this report is to compile existing data to evaluate the appropriateness of phytoremediation for particular sites. |
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| This report was prepared under grant for EPA by Jonathan Chappell, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) fellow. The publication provides a basic understanding and current status of phytoremediation for shallow groundwater. |
View Report
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| This report was prepared under grant for EPA by Amelie Van Den Bos, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) fellow. This report provides a basic orientation and current status of phytoremediation for shallow groundwater. It contains information gathered from a range of currently available sources, including project documents, reports; periodicals, Internet searches, and personal communication with involved parties. |
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| Phytotechnologies are a set of techniques that make use of plants to achieve environmental goals. These techniques use plants to extract, degrade, contain, or immobilize pollutants in soil, groundwater, surface water, and other contaminated media. This fact sheet provides information that will help you evaluate whether phytotechnologies will work at your site, summarizes the applications of phytotechnologies for various contaminants, and includes links to additional sources of information. |
EPA 542-F-10-009
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| Based on previous success with conducting independent optimization evaluations at Fund-lead pump and treat sites (i.e., those sites with pump and treat systems funded and managed by Superfund and the States), the EPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) and the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) commissioned a study to pilot similar evaluations at facilities subject to corrective action under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). During 2003 and 2004, independent evaluations were performed at five RCRA facilities by an independent EPA contractor. The Remediation System Evaluation (RSE) process developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was used. For each of the five sites, the RSE process included a review of site documents, a site tour to interview site stakeholders, and preparation of an RSE report. The RSE reports provided site background, summarized the findings from the site visit, and provided recommendations. |
(EPA 542-R-04-018)
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| Following the success with conducting independent optimization evaluations at Superfund-financed pump and treat (P&T) sites, the U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste (OSW) and the U.S. EPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) sponsored independent optimization evaluations in 2003 and 2004 at five facilities with pump and treat (P&T) systems regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Remediation System Evaluation (RSE) process developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was used. Based on the positive results of these RSEs and the consideration that many sites would receive a similar benefit from a streamlined RSE with a lower cost, OSRTI and OSW commissioned a new pilot study to develop and pilot a streamlined RSE process (or 'RSE-lite') that reduces the evaluation cost relative to a full-scale RSE. Four sites were selected by the EPA OSRTI and OSW to receive RSE-lites based on nominations provided by EPA project managers. Upon completion of the draft RSE-lite reports, one of the four sites was selected to receive a site visit and additional analysis to convert the RSE-lite into a full-scale RSE. |
EPA 542-R-06-001
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| Based on previous success with conducting independent optimization evaluations at Fund-lead pump and treat sites (i.e., those sites with pump and treat systems funded and managed by Superfund and the States), the EPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) and the Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) commissioned a study to pilot similar evaluations at State-funded leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites. During 2003 and 2004, independent evaluations were performed at three State-funded UST sites by an independent EPA contractor. The Remediation System Evaluation (RSE) process developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was used. For each of the three sites, the RSE process included a review of site documents, a site tour to interview State project managers, and preparation of an RSE report. The RSE reports provided site background, summarized the findings from the site visit, and provided recommendations. |
(EPA 542-R-04-019)
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Download Individual RSE Reports
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| This report summarizes Phase II (site optimization) of the Nationwide Fund-lead Pump and Treat Optimization Project. This phase included conducting Remediation System Evaluations (RSEs) at each of the 20 sites selected in Phase I with the purpose of providing recommendations to improve remedy effectiveness, reduce remedy costs, improve technical operations, and gain site closeout. RSEs at four of the 20 P&T systems (two in Region 4 and two in Region 5) were previously conducted as part of a demonstration project completed in 2000. |
Order EPA 542-R-02-008a
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| These 12 reports document the current (as of December 2005) and baseline site conditions and the results of streamlined optimization evaluations carried out at 12 sites in EPA Region 3. |
EPA 542-R-06-006
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| Describes the method for determining biomass of herbaceous plant tissues. This analysis along with other plant physiological and toxicological techniques will be used to assess the impact of contaminants on primary productivity. |
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| Describe procedures for determining the peroxidase (POD) activity of plant tissues. Peroxidases are found throughout the plant kingdom. An increase in peroxidase activity has been associated with environmental stresses on plants. |
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| In order to compare the concentration of a specific component in a sample with the concentration of that same component in another sample, a common basis for the comparison must be provided. |
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| This report evaluates the potential applicability of assembled chemical weapons treatment technologies to RCRA waste streams and contaminated media found at RCRA and Superfund sites. The information in this report is intended to provide site managers and other technology users with a better understanding of the potential uses of these technologies and to help technology providers better understand the potential market for those and similar technologies. Information is derived from the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) program, established by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for identifying and demonstrating alternatives to incineration for the demilitarization of chemical weapons. |
EPA 542-R-00-004
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| To define procedures for preparing standards used in various analyses that are performed by SERAS labs. |
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| The purpose of this directive is to provide guidance on selecting a presumptive remedy or combination of presumptive remedies for wood treater sites with soils, sediments, and sludges that are contaminated primarily with creosote, pentachlorophenol, and/or chromated copper arsenate. This guidance describes the contaminants generally found at wood treater sites; presents the presumptive remedies for contaminated soils, sediments, and sludges at wood treater sites; describes the presumptive remedy process concerning the site characterization and technology screening steps; and outlines the data that should be used to select a presumptive remedy. This directive is designed to assist Superfund site managers (i.e., Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs)) in selecting remedies for wood treater sites. To ensure a full understanding of wood treater site characterization and remedy selection, site managers should refer to the FS/ROD analysis, which is summarized in Appendix A of this document, and the documents cited as references at the end of this document. |
EPA 540-R-95-128
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| Information on technology performance for wood treater sites is presented in this Technology Selection Guide; it will be supplemented by additional analyses of previous remedy selection decisions and remedy performance. This additional analyses will be developed into a Presumptive Remedy Guide. This document is intended for use by a decision-making team experienced with wood treater sites. |
EPA 540-F-93-020
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| Produced by EPA and the USAF, this fact sheet provides an explanation of the technology and explains how to determine whether multi-phase extraction is applicable to a site contaminated with VOCs in soil and groundwater. The fact sheet also recommends MPE as a potential enhancement for SVE in the presumptive remedy for sites with VOCs in soil. |
EPA 540-F-97-004
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| Produced by EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, this guidance defines EPA's presumptive response strategy and technologies for the ex-situ treatment component of a ground water remedy. It explains how EPA intends to exercise its discretion in implementing the National Contingency Plan. |
EPA 540-R-96-023
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| Intended for use when cleaning polished stainless steel SUMMA type or glass-lined Silco type canisters. |
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| To address the technical concerns related to ecological impacts in the ground-water/surface-water transition zone, EPA’s Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) sponsored a workshop in January 1999 to provide an opportunity for individuals from various scientific and technical backgrounds to discuss the importance of the ground-water/surface-water transition zone and help regulators better understand environmental issues relating to the connections between ground water and surface water. The workshop and these proceedings provide a first step to understanding the fundamentals of evaluating the effects of contaminated ground water discharging through the transition zone. |
EPA 542-R-00-007
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| Produced with the support of the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology, this document gives the current (May 1998) status of projects of the Joint Research Group. |
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| Define the means of processing air samples with a portable sample concentrator. The sample concentrator is a field portable sorption tube concentration device used to concentrate dilute air samples prior to chromatographic analysis. |
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| The purpose of this study is to offer detailed information about the market, financial, and stock market performance over time of a sector of the environmental technology market – companies that offer innovative remediation technology approaches. While successful commercialization of technologies is tied to many factors, this report attempts to provide a realistic backdrop and set of expectations for financial performance for new entrants into that market. This multi-year review highlights the importance of building alliances beyond the market niche of remediation to achieve better financial results. In addition, by reviewing both the successful and the less successful approaches that have been taken, the report suggests strategies for achieving successful commercialization. |
EPA 542-R-99-012
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| The addition of pure liquid edible oil and edible oil emulsions, referred to as the edible oil process, has been used to stimulate the in situ anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents and related contaminants at commercial, industrial and military sites throughout the United States. The protocol presented in this document is intended to assist base managers and project engineers in 1) determining if the edible oil process is appropriate for their site; 2) designing and implementing an edible oil engineered system; and 3) evaluating and optimizing remedial performance over time. This protocol also provides background information on the development and scientific basis of this technology. |
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| This report was produced by the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC). This guidance contains protocols for five passive sampling technologies. Passive sampling is synonymous with no-purge sampling. The technologies included in this document include Snap SamplerTM and HydrasleeveTM (grab-type well water samplers); regenerated-cellulose dialysis membrane sampler and rigid, porous polyethylene sampler (diffusion/equilibrium-type samplers), and GORETM Module (a diffusion and sorption-type sampler). The intent of the current document is to provide a sound guidance on how to properly deploy and collect samples using passive devices. |
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| This issue paper, developed for EPA's Engineering Forum, identifies and summarizes experiences with proven aboveground treatment alternatives for arsenic in groundwater, and provides information on their relative effectiveness and cost. The four technologies included in the report are precipitation/coprecipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration. The report describes the theory and operation of each technique, available project-specific performance and cost data, and limitations. The report also discusses special considerations for retrofitting systems to meet the lower arsenic drinking water standard (maximum contaminant level or MCL) of 10 µg/l |
EPA 542-S-02-002
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