J.C. Cleaners, Plantation , Florida

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

Drycleaning using PCE was performed at this site from 1977 until May of 1995 when the facility was converted to a dry drop-off business which ceased operations in June of 2000. The facility is located in a shopping center in a mixed retail commercial/residential setting. The contaminant source area is the soil beneath the facility floor slab near the former location of the drycleaning machine.

Remediation Status: In groundwater monitoring

Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.

Contaminant	Media	Concentration (ppb)	Nondetect
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	groundwater
1,1-Dichloroethene	groundwater
ethylbenzene	soil
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)	groundwater
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)	soil
Trichloroethene (TCE)	groundwater
toluene	soil
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	groundwater
Vinyl Chloride	groundwater

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:		38ft bgs
Plume Size:		Plume Length: 100ft Plume Width: 70ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:		4.34ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

		fine-grained sand with limestone fragments Depth: 0-3ft bgs 3ft thick Conductivity: 69.1ft/day Gradient: 0.0014ft/ft
		silty, fine-grained sand Depth: 3-5ft bgs 2ft thick
		fine-grained sand Depth: 5-14ft bgs 9ft thick
		fine-grained sand with clay Depth: 14-16ft bgs 2ft thick
		fine-grained sand with trace of silt and clay Depth: 16-23ft bgs 7ft thick
		fine-grained sand Depth: 23-43ft bgs 20ft thick
		snady, fossiliferous limestone Depth: 43-51ft bgs 8ft thick

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

Groundwater

Sediments

Soil

DNAPL Present

Vapor Intrusion Pathway

Has the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) been evaluated?		No
Has a vapor mitigation system been installed?		Yes
Type of Vapor Mitigation System(s):		Soil Vapor Extraction

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:		Groundwater: PCE = 3 ug/l, TCE = 3 ug/l, Cis 1,2-DCE = 70 ug/l, trans 1,2-DCE - 100 ug/l, 1,1-DCE = 7 ug/l, vinyl chloride = 1 ug/l Soil: PCE = 30 ug/kg (leachability level)
Remedy Level:		Full Scale Remedy

Technologies

In Situ Bioremediation

Why the technology was selected:
Bioremediation was chosen to polish contaminated groundwater in the source area. As shown by the presence of PCE daughter products in groundwater, conditions at the site are favorable for reductive dechlorination: dissolved oxygen in groundwater was approximately 0.3 mg/L; pH ranged from 6.02 - 7.12 in the shallow surficial aquifer.

Date implemented:
Biostimulation: Initial injection - April 5-6, 2006 Second Injection event: April 27, 2006.

Final remediation design:
The bioremediation system utilized twelve (12) 3/4-inch diameter PVC injection wells installed in three clusters (4 wells per cluster). The wells were screened from 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 ft BLS. Each injection well received 125 gallons of a 10% by weight solution of Anaerobic Biochem (ABC). ABC is described as being a blend of potassium lactate, soybean oil and dipotassium phosphate. Total injection volume was 220 gallons of ABC plus 1,275 gallons of water. The average injection rate was 8 gpm with an injection pressure of 25-30 psi. The second injeciton event utilized the same injection wells and the same volume and concentration of ABC. Additionally, 5 gallons of RTB-2 (Dehalococcoides ethenogenes) microbes was mixed with the ABC prior to injection. Injection rate averaged 7.8 gpm with injection pressures of 10-15 psi.

Other technologies used:
bioaugmentation

Results to date:
The SVE system was shut down on May 24, 2004. Contaminant concentrations in the source area (water table) monitor well had dropped an order of magnitude by the time of SVE shut down. Pre-injection contaminant concentrations in the source area monitor well were: 34 ug/l PCE, 3 ug/l TCE, 236 ug/l Cis 1,2-DCE, 18 ug/l Trans 1,2-DCE and 1 ug/l DCE. The highest contaminant concentrations detected in groundwater samples collected on November 10, 2008 were: PCE = 0.94 ug/l, TCE = 0.92 ug/l, Cis 1,2-DCE = 49.7 ug/l, Trans 1,2-DCE = 18.1 ug/l. No 1,1-DCE or vinyl chloride was detected.

Next Steps:
Additional groundwater monitoring is scheduled.

In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction

Why the technology was selected:
Soil vapor extraction was selected because it is an effective remedial technology for removing VOCs from permeable soils(fine-grained sand in this case).

Date implemented:
Soil Vapor Extraction: April 15, 2002

Final remediation design:
The SVE system consists of one vertical vapor extraction well screened 0.5-4 ft BLS and was installed beneath the facility floor slab near the former location of the drycleaning machine. The system was powered by a 4 HP Rotron regenerative blower. Off gas was treated via a 170 lb. G.A.C. vessel. Design flow rate was 100 scfm.

Next Steps:
Additional groundwater monitoring is scheduled.

Ex Situ Carbon Adsorption

Date implemented:
Soil Vapor Extraction: April 15, 2002

Next Steps:
Additional groundwater monitoring is scheduled.

Costs

Cost for Assessment:		$85,700
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
Total Costs for Cleanup:

Contacts

Aaron Cohen
Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Cleanup, MS 4500
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8974
Aaron.Cohen@dep.state.fl.us

Mike McCoy, PG, Consultant
Earth Tech AECOM
30 South Keller Road
Orlando, Florida 32810-6101
Phone: (407) 262-2911
E-mail: Michael.McCoy@aecom.com

Site Specific References

Site Assessment Report - September 2000

Remedial Action Plan (soil): September 2001

Construction Completion Report (SVE): May 2002

Limited Remedial Action Plan (bioremediation): February 2006

O&M Reports: 2002 - 2004

Groundwater monitoring reports: 2001 - 2008

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