| This guide describes techniques for managing project uncertainty through decision rules and contingency planning. This document was issued jointly by DOE and EPA. |
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| This document was prepared by Jewel Lipps, an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) research participant working with staff of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation. The purpose of this report is to help representatives of the Superfund program understand ecosystem services (ES) and their relevance to greener cleanups at contaminated sites. The discussion focuses on the use of ES evaluations to support greener cleanups and related environmental footprint analyses. It describes ES evaluation tools, as well as greener cleanups best management practices to minimize impacts of site cleanup on ES and to support land reuse. |
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| The EPA Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (BTSC) has prepared this document to highlight methods and strategies that have been successfully used to procure services under a Triad framework. The document includes examples and lessons learned from actual Triad projects implemented in the federal, state, local, and private sector arenas. |
EPA 542-R-05-022
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| This is the fifth in a series of two-year reports which summarize the progress made through implementation of the Superfund Administrative Reform. Since this reform was announced on October 5, 1995, the Superfund program has continuously tracked national progress from updating remedies. This summary report shows that in FY04 and FY05, EPA updated more than 130 remedies, reducing estimated future cleanup costs by more than $260 million. |
EPA-540-R-06-07
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| This document introduces the most promising amendments for in situ remediation of sediments and summarizes some of the information on contaminated sediment sites that have already employed these amendments. This document is not a guidance or design document and provides information on the state of the practice of the use of amendments for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments, as well as three case studies where these amendments have been used. This document also focuses on the use of amendments either by themselves or in conjunction with a conventional isolation cap or a thin layer cap and EMNR. The amendments discussed are designed to treat hydrophobic organic contaminants, metals, or both. Some of these amendments may also be effective in reducing risks from NAPL. |
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| This report focuses on the use of enhanced bioremediation technologies at 104 Superfund remedial action sites and other contaminated sites. It provides a snapshot of current applications of bioremediation and presents trends over time concerning selection and use of the technology, contaminants and site types treated by the technology, and cost and performance of the technology. |
EPA 542-R-01-019
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| The EPA Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (BTSC) is preparing a series of technical bulletins to provide additional information about how to implement specific aspects of the Triad approach. This bulletin focuses on planning and implementation of DWSs, presenting: answers to frequently asked questions on implementing a DWS; summaries of the application of DWS at two redevelopment sites, including: Former Cos Cob Power Plant, Greenwich, CT and Assunpink Creek Greenway, Trenton, NJ; and sources of additional information for communities and project teams desiring to implement a DWS and the Triad approach. |
EPA 542-F-05-008
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| U.S. EPA collected information from 79 field-scale phytotechnology projects conducted throughout the U.S. and Canada for treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents, metals, explosives and pesticides. This report was compiled to inform readers of the status of these projects and to share lessons learned and practical experiences with field-scale applications of phytotechnology. |
EPA 542-R-05-002
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| This Directive provides guidance to EPA staff, the public, and the regulated community on how EPA intends to exercise its discretion in implementing national policy on the use of Monitored Natural Attenuation for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater at sites regulated under Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) programs. |
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| This new MNA directive for inorganic contaminants expands on and is designed to be a companion to the 1999 MNA guidance. Both policy directives say that multiple lines of evidence should be obtained to evaluate the feasibility of including MNA in the site's selected response action as well as tiered analysis of site characteristics that control and sustain attenuation. This new guidance recommends a phased analytical approach tailored specifically for inorganic contaminants. |
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| Analysis of the volatile organic compound content of tree cores is an inexpensive, rapid, simple approach to examining the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compound contaminants. The method has been shown to detect several volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic compounds associated with vapor intrusion and ground-water contamination. Tree cores, which are approximately 3 inches long, are obtained by using an increment borer. The cores are placed in vials and sealed. After a period of equilibration, the cores can be analyzed by headspace analysis gas chromatography. Because the roots are exposed to volatile organic compound contamination in the unsaturated zone or shallow ground water, the volatile organic compound concentrations in the tree cores are an indication of the presence of subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. Thus, tree coring can be used to detect and map subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. For comparison of tree-core data at a particular site, it is important to maintain consistent methods for all aspects of tree-core collection, handling, and analysis. Factors affecting the volatile organic compound concentrations in tree cores include the type of volatile organic compound, the tree species, the rooting depth, ground-water chemistry, the depth to the contaminated horizon, concentration differences around the trunk related to variations in the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds, concentration differences with depth of coring related to volatilization loss through the bark and possibly other unknown factors, dilution by rain, seasonal influences, sorption, vapor-exchange rates, and within-tree volatile organic compound degradation. |
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| U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response is promoting more effective strategies for characterizing, monitoring, and cleaning up hazardous waste sites. In particular, a paradigm based on using an integrated triad of systematic planning, dynamic work plans, and real-time measurement technologies is encouraged. A central theme of the triad approach is a clear focus on overall decision quality as the overarching goal of project quality assurance, requiring careful identification and management of potential causes for errors in decision-making (i.e., sources of uncertainty). |
EPA 542-R-01-016
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| EPA's Brownfields Technology Support Center (BTSC) has prepared this document to provide an educational tool for site owners, project managers, and regulators to help streamline assessment and cleanup activities at brownfields sites. Strategies that reduce costs, decrease time frames, and positively affect regulatory and community acceptance also can improve the economics of redevelopment at brownfields sites. Increased attention to brownfields sites and the manner in which they are redeveloped places greater importance on the approach to site cleanup. This primer is one in a series that will address specific cleanup issues. |
EPA 542-B-03-002
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