| This fact sheet provides a report template that can be used to present information on the operations and maintenance (O&M) of a ground water remedy, particularly those including pump-and-treat (P&T). The template includes various report sections, suggested items to be included in those sections, and example tables and figures. |
EPA 542-R-05-010
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| This document summarizes contaminant occurrence findings for 30 regulated contaminants in support of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Six-Year Review of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ('Six-Year Review'). Included is detailed information regarding each contaminant's occurrence in drinking water and related information relevant to initial exposure assessments. Brief reviews regarding each contaminant's production, uses and occurrence in ambient water are also included. |
EPA 815-D-02-006
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| This document provides state-of-the-practice information on off-gas treatment technologies for soil vapor extraction systems currently being used to clean up hazardous waste sites. It provides information on common practices such as carbon adsorption and thermal oxidation, less frequently used technologies such as biofiltration, and emerging alternatives including photocatalytic and non-thermal plasma treatment. The report presents the state of the practice for these technologies based on applicability, limitations, performance, engineering considerations, residuals management, cost and economics, and developmental status. |
EPA 542-R-05-028
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration of contaminated soil at the Baird and McGuire Superfund site (Baird and McGuire) in Holbrook, Massachusetts. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from March 1995 through March 1997 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern in the soil were dioxins, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals, including lead and arsenic. |
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Full Report (109K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) Superfund Site near Commerce City, Colorado. An on-site submerged quench incinerator (SQI) was used from July 1993 through July 1995 to treat liquid wastes generated at RMA. |
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Full Report (68K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Bayou Bonfouca Superfund site in Slidell, Louisiana. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from November 1993 through July 1995 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site included specific polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). |
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Full Report (71K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Bridgeport Rental and Oil Services Superfund Site (Bridgeport site) in Logan Township, New Jersey. A rotary kiln incinerator operated at the Bridgeport site from December 1991 through January 1996 as part of a remedial action. |
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Full Report (61K/ PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Celanese Corporation Shelby Fiber Operations (Celanese) Superfund site in Shelby, North Carolina. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from April 1991 through December 1991 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site were trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, phenols, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lead, chromium, ethylene glycol, and antimony. |
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Full Report (54K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Coal Creek Superfund Site in Chehalis, Washington. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from January 1994 to May 1994 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and lead. |
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Full Report (53K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the FMC Corporation - Yakima Pit(Yakima) Superfund site in Yakima, Washington. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from January 1993 through May 1993 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site included pesticides and metals. |
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Full Report (82K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the MOTCO Superfund site in Texas City, Texas. Incineration began in May 1990 but was halted in December 1991 by a contractor dispute. Contaminants of concern at the site were PCBs, styrene tars, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metals. |
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Full Report (81K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Old Midland Products Superfund site in Ola, Arkansas. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from June 1992 through May 1993 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site included entachlorophenol (PCP) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). |
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Full Report (70K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Petro Processors (Petro) Superfund site in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Since November 1994, an incinerator designed to dispose of fumes and liquids from the groundwater treatment system has been operating as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site include chlorinated hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and oils. |
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Full Report (81K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Rose Disposal Pit Superfund Site (Rose Site) in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from February 1994 to July 1994 as part of a remedial action. |
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Full Report (53K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Rose Township Dump Superfund Site (Rose Township Site) in Holly, Michigan. An infrared incinerator was operated from September 1992 through October 1993 as part of a remedial action. The contaminants of concern at the Rose Township site were PCBs, metals, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. |
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Full Report (100K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Sikes Disposal Pits Superfund site in Crosby, Texas. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from February 1992 through June 1994 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site were organic and phenolic compounds including naphthalene, chlorobenzene, creosote, toluene, xylene, halides, dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. |
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Full Report (88K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Times Beach Superfund site in Times Beach, Missouri. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from March 1996 through June 1997 as part of a remedial action. The contaminant of concern at the site was 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). |
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Full Report (86K/PDF)
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| This report presents cost and performance data for the application of on-site incineration at the Vertac Chemical Corporation (Vertac) Superfund site in Jacksonville, Arkansas. A rotary kiln incinerator was operated from January 1992 through September 1994 as part of a remedial action. Contaminants of concern at the site included 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxacetic acid (2,4,5-T); chlorinated benzene; and chlorinated phenols. |
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Full Report (86K/PDF)
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| Fifteen case studieswere prepared to obtain additional data on operating experience for completed incineration projects. This report summarizes the 15 case studies, provides technology descriptions, and makes general observations based on individual applications. |
View the Introduction
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| A Beckman GPK centrifuge may be used to rapidly sediment, precipitate, and separate substances of differing densities by centrifugal force, from a fluid. This SOP covers the operation and maintenance the centrifuge. |
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Download (166KB/5pp/PDF)
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| Outline the methods for locating buried ferrous and non-ferrous metal using a Geonics EM61-MK2 High Sensitivity Metal Detector. |
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Download (113KB/6pp/PDF)
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| Describe the operation of the Inficon HAPSITE field-portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). |
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Download (1KB/47pp/PDF)
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| Describes the procedures for assembly, pre-calibration verification, usage, and post-use verification of the Hydrolab Surveyor 4a and Data Sonde 4a Water Quality Management System. This system is used to collect representative in situ water quality data. |
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Download (166KB/11pp/PDF)
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| Describes the operation, maintenance, and functional test procedures of the Ohio Lumex Company, Inc., Model RA-915+ Mercury Analyzer for the determination of mercury vapor in ambient air. |
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Download (255KB/17pp/PDF)
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| To outline the steps required for the start-up, check out, operation, calibration, and routine use of the NITON VL722S XRF and supplements the user's guide that contains detailed information for optimizing performance. |
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Download (611KB/31pp/PDF)
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| Outline the steps required for the start-up, check out, operation, calibration, and routine use of the NITON Xlt 792YW field-portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument. |
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Download (607KB/33pp/PDF)
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| To define procedures for checking the operation and cleaning of the Sample Refrigeration Untis (SRUs) and freezer; and to establish a procedure for receiving, logging, storing and disposing of samples. |
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Download (640KB/21pp/PDF)
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| The North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site (NPA6 Site) addresses multiple sources of contamination and a broad contaminant plume that underlies a large portion of Lansdale, Pennsylvania. Tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and associated degradation products are the primary contaminants of concern. EPA originally identified 26 facilities in the Lansdale area as possible sources of contamination due to their use of site-related solvents. These 26 properties were grouped into two operable units (OUs) for soil contamination that would address source control through soil remediation. OU1 addressed 20 properties where EPA would perform remedial activities. OU2 will address the six remaining properties where the owners/operators will complete the work with EPA oversight. The groundwater contamination underlying the area is addressed in the OU3 Record of Decision (ROD) signed in August 2000. OU3 includes groundwater extraction and treatment of the contaminated groundwater at 10 source locations. Of these 10 locations, six are funded by Superfund (Fund-lead) and four are funded by potentially responsible parties (PRP). Groundwater remedies for five of the Fund-lead locations have been constructed and are the focus of this optimization evaluation report. EPA Region 3 requested that an optimization evaluation be conducted to identify potential opportunities to improve these five OU3 systems and to identify potential options for replacing or supplementing the existing remedies. |
EPA 542-R-11-012
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| The General Motors (GM) Former AC Rochester Facility (site) is located within the valley of the Missouri River in Sioux City, Iowa and is bounded by a steep loess bluff to the north, commercial properties to the east, and undeveloped properties to the south and west. A Sioux City municipal drinking water wellfield is located along the Missouri River southeast of the site. GM formerly used the site to assemble and test throttle-body injection fuel systems. Chemicals of potential concern (COPC) in soil and groundwater are chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). The current remedy includes a hydraulic capture system (HCS) and a former city supply well that is currently operating as a recovery well to protect other supply wells in the area. No active remedy is occurring in the source area. Improved operation of the HCS and confirmation of capture is crucial to reducing concentrations downgradient of the property boundary and allow operation of City Well #3 to resume supplying water to the city. Evaluation of the potential for soil VI and source area remediation are also high priorities for the site. |
EPA 542-R-11-009
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| The Gilt Edge Mine Superfund Site (Site) is located in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota. The primary mine disturbance area covers approximately 360 acres. The optimization review is focused on current acid rock drainage (ARD) collection and water treatment plant (WTP) operations and proposed upgrades. The optimization review includes discussion and evaluation of influent sources, metals mass loading, discharge criteria, solids handling and an operating cost breakdown. Other components of the Site remedy are considered only as they relate to ARD collection and treatment. |
EPA 542-R-13-002
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| The Lee Chemical Superfund Site (site) is located along Missouri Highway 210 in Liberty, Missouri, approximately 15 miles east of Kansas City, Missouri. Currently, the site is a vacant lot of approximately 2.5 acres in a flat alluvial plain. The City of Liberty (City) has a municipal well field located approximately 0.40 miles southeast of the site. There are nine municipal water wells situated in a north-south line in the alluvial aquifer at an approximately perpendicular angle to the site. Historically, the City leased the land to the Lee Chemical Company, but then filed suit against Lee Chemical Company in 1975 for nonpayment of rent. The City then found and removed approximately 300 abandoned 55-gallon drums containing chemicals and wastes. In 1979, low levels of trichloroethene (TCE) were detected in the public water supply wells. Subsequent EPA and State investigations revealed contaminated groundwater and soil, and in 1982 the City and State identified the site as a source of TCE contamination in the public water supply. The current remedy in place for the Lee Chemical Superfund Site consists of the operation of an in situ aqueous soil washing system, the extraction of groundwater from extraction wells (EX) EX-1 and PW-2, and the discharge of the extracted groundwater from both extraction wells to a single, permitted outfall to Town Branch Creek. This Remedial Action (RA) is continually monitored and reported on through monthly and quarterly progress reports. The site remedy was considered Operational and Functional (O&F) on March 26, 1994. Recommendations are provided to improve remedy effectiveness, provide technical improvement, and gain site closure. |
EPA 542-R-11-013
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| The Saunders Supply Company Superfund Site is located in Suffolk County, Virginia, in EPA Region 3, and is a 7-1/3 acre former wood treating plant. The source areas included wastewater ponds, treatment areas, and burn pits located on the Saunders property and were remediated by removing liquids and contaminated soil. Primary contaminants are currently pentachlorophenol (PCP), arsenic, and chromium in groundwater. The site is in the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase and uses a groundwater pump and treat (P&T) system to control migration of the contaminants and remove contaminant mass from the aquifer. An optimization review team was assembled and met with regulatory stakeholders and consultants at the site to observe site conditions, review site data and remediation goals, and discuss the technical aspects of the existing remedy and its performance toward achieving remediation goals. This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the optimization review team. |
EPA 542-R-16-004
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| The purpose of this optimization review was to evaluate site conditions and identify optimal approaches for conducting a remedial investigation (RI) of the Black Butte Mine (BBM) Superfund Site. The review was conducted using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) optimization review methods. This document focuses on the fate and transport of mercury and other trace metals at and downstream of the BBM Superfund Site as a means to focus and streamline the sequence of RI activities. It is expected that this report may form the basis for additional systematic project planning among the optimization review team, project technical team, and stakeholders to develop, review, and finalize RI-specific work planning and implementation documents. |
EPA 542-R-12-003
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| The 72-acre Sidney Landfill site is located on Richardson Hill Road, approximately 2 miles south of the Village of Sidney Center in Delaware County, New York. The Richardson Hill Road Landfill (RHRL) site is located immediately to the south of the Sidney Landfill site. The remedies at both National Priorities List (NPL) sites have been implemented by the responsible parties, Amphenol Corporation and Honeywell, Inc., which are the successors to Bendix Corporation and Allied Signal, Inc. These parties are collectively referred to as the Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) for this report. The capture zone associated with extraction wells at the northern end of the RHRL site is considered part of the Sidney Landfill remedy. The identification of new seeps downhill to the north from the Sidney Landfill, the presence of an apparent hydraulic connection between the two landfills, as well as the persistence of groundwater and sediment contamination at the RHRL site led the EPA to request a study of optimization opportunities for the remedies at these two sites. This optimization review focuses on the groundwater components of the remedies for the two sites and considers soil and sediment contamination only as it may be related to groundwater contamination. |
EPA 542-R-11-011
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| This document provides project background and information about the second optimization review conducted at the Baird & McGuire Superfund Site which was performed in 2012. The document includes site-specific background and remedy information; the optimization evaluation team's understanding of the conceptual site model; and optimization findings and recommendations related to improving effectiveness, reducing cost, technical improvement, site closure and green remediation. The report also includes a suggested approach to implementing the recommendations. |
EPA 542-R-13-003
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| The document describes the optimization evaluation that was performed on the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site Central Treatment Plant in 2012. The document includes a description of the efforts performed during the optimization review, a description of the remedy components at the sites, a description of the conceptual site model, and findings and recommendations for the site. |
EPA 542-R-13-004
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| This report discusses the optimization review performed at the Carson River Mercury Superfund Site which is located in Carson City, Nevada. The document includes recommendations for (1) an appropriate remedial strategy for the site, (2) approaches for improving remedy implementation, and (3) additional characterization efforts. |
EPA 542-R-14-007
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| This document provides project background and information about the optimization review conducted at the Fairfield Coal Gasification Plant Superfund Site, including information about site-specific background; the conceptual site model; optimization findings related to source structures and impacted soil removal, the dissolved phase groundwater plume, and establishment of technical impracticability waivers; and optimization recommendations related to improving effectiveness, reducing cost, technical improvement, and site closure. |
EPA 542-R-12-004
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| The document discusses the optimization review performed at the French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site. The optimization review is focused on the water treatment plant operational effectiveness and efficiency. The optimization review includes discussion and evaluation of influent sources, metals mass loading, discharge criteria, solids handling and an operating cost breakdown. |
EPA 542-R-13-013
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| The document describes the optimization evaluation that was performed on the water treatment plant at the Gilt Edge Mine Superfund Site in Lawrence County, South Dakota. The document includes a description of the efforts performed during the optimization review, a description of the remedy components at the sites, a description of the conceptual site model, and findings and recommendations for the site. |
EPA 542-R-13-001
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| The Hastings Ground Water Contamination Site Second Street Subsite is located in Hastings, Adams County, Nebraska. The Second Street Subsite has been divided into two OUs: (1) OU 12 addresses the contaminated soils and source materials at the subsite, and (2) OU 20 addresses the contaminated groundwater that extends from the source area and has migrated beyond the Second Street Subsite boundaries. The Second Street Subsite is a former manufactured gas plant (FMGP); benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes (collectively referred to as BTEX) and other VOCs (for example, styrene) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected in the Second Street Subsite soil and groundwater, indicating that wastes remaining from the FMGP have contaminated the soil and groundwater |
EPA 540-R-013-017
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| This report discusses the optimization review performed at the Jones Road Ground Water Plume Superfund Site, located in western Harris County just outside of the city limits of Houston, Texas. The document includes site-specific background; the optimization evaluation team's understanding of the conceptual site model; and optimization findings and recommendations related to improving protectiveness, effectiveness, technical improvement, site closure and environmental footprint reduction. |
EPA 542-R-14-006
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| This report discusses the optimization review performed at the Lockwood Solvent Groundwater Plume Site (LSGPS) which is located on the outskirts of Billings, Montana. The document includes site-specific background; the optimization evaluation team's understanding of the conceptual site model; and optimization findings and recommendations related to improving effectiveness, reducing cost, technical improvement, site closure and green remediation. |
EPA 542-R-14-009
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| The Lockwood Solvent Groundwater Plume Site (LSGPS) is located on the outskirts of Billings, Montana, in EPA Region 8. The site is managed as two operable units (OUs). OU1 consists of contaminated soils and a plume of chlorinated solvents in groundwater associated with the Beall Source Area (Area B), and OU2 consists of affected media associated with the Brenntag (Soco; Area A) Source Area. This optimization review addressed remedial components planned for affected soil and groundwater in OU2. OU1 is addressed under a separate optimization review report. |
EPA 542-R-14-010
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| The document discusses the optimization review performed at the Naval Base Kitsap OU-1 in Keyport, Washington. The Navy and EPA agreed to work collaboratively to conduct an optimization review of OU-1 to evaluate potential options for improving remedy performance. The review focuses on OU-1, with emphasis on addressing the VOC contamination. |
EPA 542-R-13-009
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| This document provides project background and information about the optimization review conducted at the Ogallala Ground Water Contamination Superfund Site, including information about site-specific background; the conceptual site model; optimization findings related to subsurfance performance and response and component performance; and optimization recommendations related to improving effectiveness, reducing cost, technical improvement, considerations for gaining site close out, and environmental footprint reduction. |
EPA 540-R-13-014
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| The Palermo Wellfield Superfund Site (Site) is located near Interstate Highway 5 and Trosper Road in Tumwater, Washington. The Site includes a City-operated water-supply wellfield and an adjacent residential neighborhood in the Deschutes River Valley (sometimes referenced in site documents as the Palermo Valley), as well as upland source areas including the current Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Materials Testing Laboratory (MTL), a former WSDOT MTL, and the Southgate Dry Cleaners business. Trichloroethene (TCE) was detected in the City water supply at the wellfield in 1993. Subsequent investigations identified a TCE groundwater plume over 3,000 feet (ft) long and 600 ft wide, and a smaller tetrachloroethene (PCE) plume near the Southgate Dry Cleaners site. USEPA Region 10 nominated the Site for an optimization review due an interest in updating the CSM and concerns regarding plume migration control and the potential for vapor intrusion (VI). |
EPA 542-R-11-010
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| The Peck Iron and Metal (PIM) Superfund Site (the Site) is a 33-acre property located in Norfolk County, Portsmouth, Virginia. PIM is a former scrap metal storage and recycling facility that began operation in the 1940s. This document reviews the PIM Site conceptual site model (CSM) and identifies data gaps in the existing Site characterization as a means to focus and streamline the sequence of Remedial Investigation (RI) activities. The purpose of this review is to evaluate Site conditions and identify optimal approaches for conducting the planned RI of the PIM site. The recommendations in this report are intended to help the site team identify opportunities for an optimized RI approach. |
EPA 542-R-13-006
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| This report provides information about the optimization review conducted at the State Road 114 Ground Water Plume Superfund Site in the City of Levelland in Hockley County, Texas. An optimization review considers the goals of the remedy, available site data, conceptual site model (CSM), remedy performance, protectiveness, cost-effectiveness and closure strategy. A strong interest in sustainability has also developed in the private sector and within federal, state, and municipal governments. Consistent with this interest, optimization now routinely considers green remediation and environmental footprint reduction during optimization reviews. This groundwater plume site contains the primary contaminants 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. The source of the groundwater contamination is a former petroleum products refinery that operated between 1939 and 1954. The groundwater remedy consists of a groundwater treatment system and a soil vapor extraction system. |
EPA 540-R-013-018
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