| This document highlights the need to treat the discharge of groundwater to surface-water not as a two-dimensional area with static boundary conditions, but as three-dimensional volumes with dynamic transition zones. This ECO Update applies equally to recharge zones and can be used to evaluate advancing plumes that have not yet reached the transition zone. This document encourages project managers, ecological risk assessors, and hydrogeologists to expand their focus beyond shoreline wells and surface sediments and define and characterize the actual fate of contaminants as they move from a strictly ground-water environment (i.e., the commonly used 'upland monitoring well nearest the shoreline') through the transition zone and into a wholly surface-water environment. The approach is presented to help users identify and evaluate potential exposures and effects to relevant ecological receptors within the zone where ground-water and surface-water mix. The transition zone data collected for the ERA may also supplement data collected for the evaluation of potential human health risks associated with the discharge of contaminated ground-water. Should ground-water remediation be warranted (as a result of the risk assessment), the locational, geochemical, and biological aspects of the transition zone can be considered when identifying and evaluating remedial options. |
EPA-540-R-06-072
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| Pertains to the set up, operation, analysis and data calculations performed with the EG&G ORTEC field portable gamma spectrometer. |
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| On January 15-18, 2002, EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) held a series of presentations at the 2002 RCRA National Meeting focusing on Environmental Indicator (EI) determinations. The purpose of these sessions was to assist regulators and responsible parties in making positive ('Yes') determinations indicating that 'Human Exposures' and/or 'Migration of Contaminated Groundwater' is 'Under Control.' The EI-related Sessions were divided into the following segments: (1) CA EI Teamwork & Facility Filled-Out EI Forms; (2) Tour of Completed-EI Forms Web sites - Connecting to Communities; (3)One-Cleanup-Program Results Maps (for RCRA, CERCLA, and UST); (4) Human Exposure to Groundwater Contamination; (5) Workshop on draft-Supplemental Vapor Intrusion (into Indoor Air) Guidance (for RCRA CA EI) [including - Use of Worker Exposure Standards in EI Determinations]; and (6) Vapor Intrusion Research Plans and Needs |
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View Archive of January 15-18, 2002 Conference
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| This brochure, produced by the ORD ETV Program, outlines EPA's 12 technology verification pilot programs. |
EPA 600-F-97-007
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| This 4/29/96 directive describes EPA initiatives to facilitate the testing, demonstration, and use of innovative cleanup and field measurement technologies and stresses EPA's commitment to promoting environmental technology development and commercialization. |
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| In this report, the Environmental Technology Subcommittee of the National Advisory Council on Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT) offers additional recommendations for EPA's Environmental Technology Programs. The recommendations cover four critical areas: partnerships, encouraging market demand, international issues, and global climate change roles and responsibilities. |
EPA 130-R-07-004
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| This fact sheet is the third and final in a series of fact sheets related to ecological revitalization on Superfund sites. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) encourages the beneficial reuse of Superfund, Brownfields, and other contaminated sites while protecting human health and the environment. Superfund sites are being cleaned up and restored while integrating natural features such as wetlands, meadows, streams, and ponds to provide habitat for terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals, and for low-impact or passive recreation, such as hiking and bird watching. The potential exposure of wildlife can be a concern when waste or contaminants remain on a site following cleanup (i.e., attractive nuisance), but it need not prevent the ecological revitalization of that site.This fact sheet discusses how to identify, assess, and manage potential attractive nuisance issues during ecological revitalization of Superfund sites and presents case studies that illustrate a variety of attractive nuisance issues and how they were managed. |
EPA 542-F-06-003
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| This document provides technical information to assist property managers and other stakeholders better understand, coordinate, and conduct ecological revitalization at contaminated properties during cleanup. Specifically, this document presents general planning and process considerations for ecological revitalization and provides technical considerations for implementing ecological revitalization of wetlands, streams, and terrestrial ecosystems during cleanup. This document also highlights EPA's initiatives and resources that are available, and presents numerous site-specific examples and case studies where ecological revitalization has occurred. |
EPA 542-R-08-003
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| The U.S. EPA developed this issue paper to provide cleanup site teams with information about ecosystem services. These concepts and tools are useful in communicating the positive results of cleanup in addition to achieving the goals of cleanup. Information about ecosystem services may be considered in characterization of future land use options or design of a cleanup that is consistent with anticipated ecological reuse, depending on the regulatory authority of the cleanup program. |
EPA 542-R-17-004
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This final technical report documents the demonstration of emulsified edible oil barriers for groundwater remediation at a confidential perchlorate site in Maryland. The general purpose of the demonstration was to evaluate the efficacy of emulsified oils for treating perchlorate contaminated groundwater. A second demonstration was performed as part of this project to evaluate the use of emulsified oils for remediation of chlorinated solvent impacted groundwater at the Charleston Naval Weapons Station (NWS) in South Carolina. The work at the Charleston NWS is still ongoing and will be reported separately. In addition, a technical protocol document is being written under this demonstration project which describes in detail the use of emulsified oils for enhanced anaerobic bioremediation of perchlorate and chlorinated solvents. See also the Technical Report Addendum (2008) and the ESTCP Cost and Performance Report. |
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| This fact sheet summarizes key aspects to consider for contracting to operate pump and treat (P&T) systems. Topics include essential contract components, options for contract type, considerations specific to contracts for operating P&T systems, and incorporation of optimization. |
EPA 542-R-05-009
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View Other Fact Sheets in This Series
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| The purpose of this fact sheet is to encourage even wider use of Electronic Data Deliverables (EDDs) by explaining their importance and how to ensure that your site data are submitted electronically. The EDD Fact Sheet Appendix provides supplemental information on what to request in EDDs, how electronic data are shared, examples of data to submit electronically, and links to EDD guidance. |
EPA 542-F-11-010
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Download Appendix (788KB/4pp/PDF)
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| This fact sheet summarizes key aspects of effective management for operating pump and treat (P&T) systems based on lessons learned from conducting optimization evaluations at 20 Superfund-financed P&T systems. The lessons learned, however, are relevant to almost any P&T system. Therefore, the document may serve as a resource for managers, contractors, or regulators of any P&T system, whether or not that system is within the Superfund Program. This fact sheet is meant to provide a framework for effective site management, but is not intended to be a detailed instructional manual. |
EPA 542-R-02-009
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| This fact sheet, developed by the U.S. EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides a brief summary of the emerging contaminant 1,4-Dioxane, including physical and chemical properties; environmental and health impacts; existing federal and state guidelines; detection and treatment methods; and additional sources of information. 1,4-Dioxane is a probable carcinogen and has been found in ground water at sites throughout the United States. The physical and chemical properties and behavior of 1,4-Dioxane create challenges for its characterization and treatment. It is highly mobile and has not been shown to readily biodegrade in the environment. This fact sheet is intended for use by site managers faced with addressing 1,4-Dioxane at cleanup sites or in drinking water supplies and for those in a position to consider whether 1,4-Dioxane should be added to the analytical suite for site investigations. |
EPA 505-F-14-011
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| This fact sheet, developed by the U.S. EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides a brief summary of nanomaterials (NMs) as emerging contaminants, including their physical and chemical properties; potential environmental and health impacts; existing federal and state guidelines; detection and treatment methods; and additional sources of information. Because of their unique properties, NMs are increasingly being used in a wide range of scientific, environmental, industrial, and medicinal applications. However, there is a growing concern about the lack of environmental health and safety data. This fact sheet is intended for use by site managers and other field personnel who may need to address or use NMs at cleanup sites or in drinking water supplies. |
EPA 505-F-14-002
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| This fact sheet, developed by the U.S. EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides a brief summary of the emerging contaminants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), including physical and chemical properties; environmental and health impacts; existing federal and state guidelines; detection and treatment methods; and additional sources of information. PBB has been banned in the United States since 1973, when PBB accidentally mixed into animal feed exposed 9 million people to contaminated dairy products, eggs, and meat. In contrast, PBDEs have been in widespread use in the U.S. since the 1970s; however, there is growing concern about their persistence in the environment and their tendency to bioaccumulate in the food chain. Since PBDEs and PBBs belong to the same class of brominated hydrocarbons and their chemical structures are similar, they are both discussed in this fact sheet. This fact sheet provides basic information on PBDEs and PBBs to site managers and other field personnel who may encounter these contaminants at cleanup sites. |
EPA 505-F-14-006
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| This fact sheet provides a brief summary of dinitrotoluene (DNT), including physical and chemical properties; environmental and health impacts; existing federal and state guidelines; and detection and treatment methods. DNT is a nitroaromatic explosive that exists as six isomers: 2,4- and 2,6-DNT are the two major forms of the chemical. It does not naturally occur in the environment but is commonly found deposited at military ranges or found in the waste streams of DNT manufacturing or processing facilities due to its widespread use in the production of munitions, polyurethane foams, and other chemical products. Because of its moderate solubility and relatively low volatility, DNT is expected to remain in water for long periods of time unless degraded by light, oxygen, or biota. As a result, releases to water are important sources of human exposure. DNT is considered toxic to most organisms, with identified adverse effects in the blood, nervous system, liver, and kidney in animals after exposure. EPA has classified the mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT as a Class B2 (probable human) carcinogen. To address these potential health effects, health-based goals, exposure limits, and state drinking water guidelines have been developed. |
EPA 505-F-17-010
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| This presentation was prepared by Jessica Bawden during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. Emerging contaminants (ECs) include a subset of chemical compounds not monitored closely by regulatory agencies in the past but now determined to pose potential threat to human health and the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal or state agencies recognize that a more complete understanding of EC threats is needed to potentially regulate ECs and address associated site cleanups. |
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| This document was prepared by Katherine Watlington, a National Network of Environmental Management studies grantee, under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper seeks to provide a holistic view of the state of the science of nanotechnology. Both the commercialized nanotechnology products and many of the technologies being researched in academia are discussed. Attention is given both to the research itself as well as the remedial capabilities. The toxicity and safety concerns of the individual technologies are also briefly outlined as are the overall toxicity concerns related more generally to the field of nanotechnology. Finally the current state of regulation is addressed. |
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| This document was prepared by Alex Mikszewski, a National Network of Environmental Management studies grantee, under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report reviews emerging technologies for the in situ remediation of PCB-contaminated sediments and soils to assess their viability for future employment. |
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| This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and field applications of in situ bioremediation to remediate chlorinated solvents in contaminated soil and groundwater. The report describes how chlorinated solvents are degraded, how to enhance the process by the addition of various materials and chemicals, design configurations, and the typical steps taken to evaluate technology feasibility at a specific site. It also includes a list of technology vendors and nine case studies of field applications. |
EPA 542-R-00-008
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| This publication provides remediation managers with information to facilitate the selection of appropriate remedial alternatives for soils contaminated with As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb [August 1997, 19 pages]. This bulletin primarily condenses information included in a more comprehensive Technical Resource Document entitled, Contaminants and Remedial Options at Selected Metal-Contaminated Sites. |
EPA 540-S-97-500
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| This issue paper is intended to give the reader examples of some online technical resources that can assist with hazardous waste cleanups in the Superfund, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and Brownfields programs. Given the dynamics of online resources, this paper provides only a snapshot of the resources available at the time of publication. |
EPA 542-F-08-003
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| This issue paper, produced by the EPA Engineering Forum, identifies issues and summarizes experiences with Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) as a remedy for volatile organic compounds in soils. The issues presented reflect discussions with over 30 project managers and technical experts. |
EPA 540-F-95-030
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| The purpose of this document is to present the 'state of the science' regarding management and treatment of vapor intrusion into building structures. Wherever feasible, this information relies on independently reviewed mitigation performance information. In an effort to keep this Engineering Issue paper concise, important information is summarized, while references and Web links are provided for readers interested in additional information; these Web links, verified as accurate at the time of publication, are subject to change. Although we have endeavored to make these links fully functional with a mouse click, if they do not function on your system, you may need to copy them into your browser or reenter them. As science and technology associated with this route of exposure continues to develop, other mitigation measures may become available. |
EPA 600-R-08-115
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| The purpose of this paper is to convey useful information gained from approximately 10 years of development and deployment of in situ thermal treatment (ISTT) technologies. This paper is the result of a series of in‐depth interviews with U.S. EPA Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and On‐Scene Coordinators (OSCs) and with ISTT vendors whose experience extends beyond federal response action sites to include state‐regulated cleanups and Brownfields/voluntary cleanups, as well as international projects. While the focus is on federally funded cleanup sites, many of the lessons learned will be of interest to RPMs and OSCs who are overseeing potentially responsible party (PRP)-lead cleanups. |
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| This engineer manual (EM) contains planning and management guidelines to be used for United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) work with radioactive waste, either alone or combined with hazardous or toxic components. This manual primarily describes regulatory and management responsibilities, provides guidance on accomplishing those responsibilities, and explains their relation to the Project Management Business Process (PMBP) and Technical Project Planning (TPP) applied to USACE activities at radioactive waste sites. |
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| This document was prepared by Julia Kane Africa during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. This paper focuses on the treatment of high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and the potential for bioswales and rain gardens to mitigate contamination in urban settings is discussed. This paper is designed to serve as a point of reference for planners, public officials, and ecologists interested in exploring what contribution biofiltration and phytoremediation can make to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mitigation of urban run-off. |
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| This publication identifies 28 organizations, whose primary function is to contribute to the economic development and marketing of environmental technologies. |
EPA 542-K-97-002
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| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports the use of best management practices (BMPs) as a mechanism for maximizing technical effectiveness and resource efficiency in the execution of site assessment and cleanup projects. This fact sheet is the first in a series of documents that address conceptual site models (CSMs). This fact sheet summarizes how environmental practitioners can use CSMs to achieve, communicate, and maintain stakeholder consensus on site understanding, while satisfying the technical and quality objectives required for each stage of a cleanup project's life cycle. The focus is on defining stages and products of CSMs along with potential applications of CSMs at various stages of a project life cycle. Content herein is presented in a Superfund Program context; however, to the extent practical, text has been written to maximize applicability in other programs and regulatory frameworks. Other agencies and programs may find these concepts useful and environmental cleanup practitioners are encouraged to explore the utility and integration of a project life cycle CSM within their own program requirements and deliverable schedules. |
EPA 542-F-11-011
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| Our lakes, rivers, and bays are part of our precious scenic and recreational natural resources while also comprising a vital component of our transportation system. These aquatic resources also have tremendous economic value through commercial fishing, commercial transport and recreational activities. The USEPA estimates that the bottom sediments in 10% of these waters contain hazardous chemicals from industrial processes, which often contaminate the fish population and threaten the health of the animals and people who eat them. Removing these contaminated sediments by navigational dredging often aggravates the problem. Environmental dredging utilizes special equipment and procedures to remove the sediments with a minimum of impact on the aquatic resource. This is accomplished by controlling the degree to which contaminated sediments are re-suspended in the water, and carefully monitoring the impact of the dredging on the aquatic environment. Running time is 7 minutes. |
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| EPA studied the environmental footprint of in situ thermal treatment involving steam enhanced extraction as designed for Site ST012 at the Former Williams Air Force Base in Mesa, Arizona. The study report quantifies contributions to the footprint and identifies and prioritized best management practices (BMPs) to address the significant contributors during future construction and operation of the thermal system. |
EPA 542-R-14-004
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| This Manual's primary objective is to improve a decision-maker's under-standing of common environmental statistical evaluations. The applicability of statistical tests and considerations is presented in the context of a typical environmental project life cycle. This document should serve as a first step in explaining statistical concepts and their application at HTRW sites. It is not intended to replace more robust statistical texts or electronic statistical software. |
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Download Manual and Sections of Manual
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| The ETV Site Characterization and Monitoring Technology Pilot is composed of EPA, DoD, DOE, other Federal agencies, state regulators, technology evaluation and verification entities, and potential end users of these technologies to facilitate independent and expert verification of site characterization technology performance. The Pilot was created to increase the use of new site characterization, monitoring, and measuring technologies at clean-up sites. |
EPA 542-F-00-018
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| This fact sheet describes the Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies (SCMT) Pilot, one of twelve pilots operating under the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program. The SCMT Pilot conducts verification testing of environmental characterization and monitoring technologies. Commercial-ready technologies are evaluated to provide potential technology users and permitters with an independent and credible assessment of technology performance. One of the end products of the verification process is an Environmental Technology Verification Report (ETVR). The ETVR contains a Verification Statement that is signed by EPA and the Verification Organization. |
EPA 542-F-99-009
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| Establish proper guidelines for packing and shipping equipment for routine, non-routine, and emergency response activations. |
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| With support from the 21M2 Initiative, the Office of Research and Development used scanning open path Fourier transform infrared, tunable diode laser absorption, and ultra-violet differential optical absorption spectroscopy to determine if hazardous gases were passing through the cover of a closed landfill. The investigation, which was a first step in evaluating redevelopment options, did not find significant gas movement through the cover, but did detect a gasoline hotspot by a nearby building. |
EPA 600-R-05-042
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Visit 21M2 Area
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| With support from the 21M2 Initiative, the Office of Research and Development used scanning open path Fourier transform infrared, tunable diode laser absorption, and ultra-violet differential optical absorption spectroscopy to determine if hazardous gases were passing through the cover of a closed landfill. The investigation, which was a first step in evaluating redevelopment options, found two methane hotspots that were major contributors to a 4.9 g/s methane flux emanating from the site. |
EPA 600-R-05-041
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Visit 21M2 Area
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| This report on the performance of permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for groundwater remediation was prepared under the auspices of the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable, a collaborative effort among federal agencies involved in hazardous waste site cleanup. Three United States (U.S.) government agencies, the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DOE), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as the Interstate Technologies and Regulatory Council (ITRC) contributed to the report, which is a concise summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the three agencies' individual studies at different sites. |
EPA 542-R-04-004
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| This document is intended to help readers understand the proper application of planted systems to remediate groundwater contaminated with halogenated solvents. It assumes a general familiarity with environmental and regulatory processes, but little knowledge of plant-based remediation technologies. The document is written as an aid to understanding the mechanisms of how plants detoxify certain compounds under certain conditions. |
EPA 542-R-05-001
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| This report was produced by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development. It is designed for technical staff in the EPA Regions and in state agencies that require information on the contribution of Dehalococcoides bacteria to MNA of chlorinated solvents, and information on the proper application and interpretation of the assays in an evaluation of MNA. This report includes sections on the role of biotransformation in evaluation of MNA of chlorinated solvents, the ecology of microorganisms that transform chlorinated solvents, tools to assay microorganisms that transform chlorinated solvents, the relationship between Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water and rates of natural attenuation at field scale, the relationship between geochemical parameters and the occurrence of Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water, and the relationship Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water and behavior of chlorinated solvents in laboratory treatability studies or microcosm studies done with water from the plume. |
EPA 600-R-06-029
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| The objective of this project is to evaluate different DSS in terms of their capabilities and limitations. The first phase of this project was the subject of a previous report which identified existing DSS developed by DOE, other government agencies, and private industry, collected information on their capabilities, identified issues in the implementation of DSS packages, and recommended more detailed evaluation of DSS code packages that might be useful to the DOE. |
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| This report highlights a select number of example National Priorities List (NPL) sites where EPA has used innovative and established technologies to restore groundwater for use as a source of drinking water. In these examples groundwater was successfully restored for drinking water use at 17 NPL sites and significant progress toward groundwater restoration was made at an additional 13 NPL sites where contaminants remain above safe drinking water levels. These sites demonstrate how the Superfund program can overcome challenges related to difficult contaminants of concern and complex hydrogeologic settings. |
EPA 542-R-18-002
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| This fact sheet provides a concise description of the components and application of contingent removal actions to streamline remediation of recurrent site problems. This document was issued jointly by DOE and EPA. |
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