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Illustrated Handbook of DNAPL Fate and Transport in the Subsurface Published 2003 The purpose of this handbook is to provide a user-friendly overview of the nature of DNAPL contamination in a UK context. It is intended to assist site investigators, site owners and regulators in conducting site investigations, conducting risk assessments and selecting remediation approaches. Download (791K/67pp/PDF)

Impacts of DNAPL Source Treatment: Experimental and Modeling Assessment of the Benefits of Partial DNAPL Source Removal Published 2009 When it is not practical or economically feasible to achieve complete DNAPL mass depletion using aggressive remediation techniques, it must be determined if the aggregate benefits of partial DNAPL mass depletion are sufficient to reduce risks to an acceptable level and if the costs associated with this partial depletion are justified by the benefits received. This report summarizes field, lab, and modeling research conducted to address these issues, with the primary objective being the development of a scientifically defensible approach for assessing the long-term environmental impacts (benefits) of DNAPL removal from source zones. EPA 600-R-09-096 Download (19.0MB/172pp/PDF)

Improving Decision Quality: Making the Case for Adopting Next-Generation Site Characterization Practices Published 2003 For the site cleanup industry to continue technical advancement, over-simplified paradigms must give way to next-generation models that are built on current scientific understanding. If reuse programs such as Brownfields are to thrive, the scientific defensibility of individual projects must be maintained at the same time as characterization and cleanup costs are lowered. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers the Triad Approach as an alternative paradigm to foster highly defensible, yet extremely cost-effective reuse decisions. Download (267K/PDF)

Improving Pumping Strategies for Pump and Treat Systems With Numerical Simulation-Optimization Techniques: Demonstration Projects and Related Websites Published 2004 This fact sheet describes simulation-optimization techniques, completed demonstration projects, and lists web sites with additional information. EPA 542-F-04-002 Download (61K/2pp/PDF)

Improving Sampling, Analysis, and Data Management for Site Investigation and Cleanup Published 2004 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports the adoption of streamlined approaches to sampling, analysis, and data management activities conducted during site assessment, characterization, and cleanup. This position reflects the growing trend towards using smarter, faster, and better technologies and work strategies. EPA is coordinating with other federal and state agencies to educate regulators, practitioners, site owners, and others involved in site cleanup decisions about the benefits of a streamlined approach. Ultimately, EPA expects to institutionalize these newer approaches and anticipates that the principles will guide the way data are collected and analyzed for future site cleanup decisions. EPA 542-F-04-001a Download (109K/PDF)

In Situ Alcohol Flushing for the Remediation of NAPL Source Zones: Produced by the University of Florida Published This video describes the goals and results of tests using in situ alcohol flushing as a cost effective means for extracting NAPLs from three test sites. Available at http://www.clu-in.org/studio/video/#184

In Situ Bioremediation of DNAPL Source Zones Published 2005 This document was prepared by Lisa Moretti, a National Network of Environmental Management studies grantee, under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of this report is to provide an overview of in situ bioremediation of DNAPL source areas. This report discusses the integral steps when implementing bioremediation, such as site characterization, design considerations, and post-treatment monitoring. In addition, this report also examines the use of bioremediation as a polishing treatment for the source zone. Case studies are included as examples of the use of bioremediation as a stand-alone and a polishing treatment for DNAPL source areas. This report was not subject to EPA peer review or technical review. EPA makes no warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranties for completeness, accuracy, usefulness of the information, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. Download (230K/37pp/PDF)

In Situ Flushing with Surfactants and Cosolvents Published 2000 This report was prepared under grant for EPA by Lauryn Strbak, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) fellow. It is intended to provide a basic summary and current status of in situ flushing technologies using surfactants and cosolvents. It contains information gathered from a range of currently available sources, including project documents, reports, periodicals, Internet searches, and personal communication with involved parties. Download (122K/PDF)

In Situ Flushing: Technology Status Report Published Roote, D.S. Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC). TS-98-01, 212 pp, 1998 This report provides brief summaries of 84 in situ flushing projects conducted between 1988 and 1998. Examples: At the Koppers Co. Inc., Seaboard Plant, Kearny, NJ, water flooding (i.e, the use of hydraulic pressure achieved via groundwater injection and recirculation) was used to mobilize coal tar and creosote toward collection trenches. In a small-scale field demonstration at a private wood treating site in Laramie, WY, 144,000 gallons (28 pv) of water were cycled between the delivery and recovery drain lines to displace mobile free-phase oil, followed by delivery of 30,000 gallons of flushing solution (alkaline agents, polymer, and surfactants) into the test cell. Next, 10,000 gallons (2 pv) of Polystep A-7R were used to produce reusable wood-preserving oil, followed by 10,000 gallons (2 pv) of Makon-10R to achieve lower cleanup levels. After the first 20,000 gallons of flushing solution delivery, 10,000 gallons (2 pv) of water were delivered. An additional 10,000 gallons (2 pv) of Makon-10R then were delivered to the cell, followed by 150,000 gallons (30 pv) of water to displace mobilized oil and flushing solution remaining in the aquifer. At a Fredricksburg, VA, wood treating site, flushing with a combination of an alkaline agent, surfactant, and polymer was used to recover creosote-based wood-treating oils from soil. Download (630K/PDF)

In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Electrokinetics Published 1994 Describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment. EPA 542-K-94-007 Download (54K/PDF)

In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Hydrofracturing/Pneumatic Fracturing Published 1994 This report describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and groundwater treatment. EPA 542-K-94-005 Download (43K/PDF)

In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Research and Application of Permeable Barriers Published 1998 This document is an attempt to compile worldwide research efforts and applications in the field of permeable reactive barriers (PRB). Research projects are organized by the type of contamination treated (organics or inorganics) and by the type of reaction process (sorption, precipitation, substitution, or degradation), and then by the specific material. Field projects are organized by state, province, or country. Download (193K/PDF)

In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Thermal Enhancements Published 1994 Describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment. EPA 542-K-94-009 Download (66K/PDF)

In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Treatment Walls Published 1994 Describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment. EPA 542-K-94-004 Download (85K/PDF)

In Situ Thermal Treatment of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications Published 2004 This report contains information about the use of in situ thermal treatment technologies to treat chlorinated solvents in source zones containing free-phase contamination or high concentrations of contaminants that are either sorbed to soil or dissolved in groundwater in the saturated or unsaturated zone. The information in this report may be helpful to site managers, site owners, treatment technology vendors, regulators, consulting firms, and the public who may be involved in the cleanup of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents. EPA 542-R-04-010 Download (4.4MB/145pp/PDF) View In Situ Thermal Treatment Site Profile Database

In Situ Treatment Performance Monitoring: Issues and Best Practices Published 2018 The purpose of this issue paper is to describe how in situ treatment technologies may impact sampling and analysis results used to monitor treatment performance and provide best practices to identify and mitigate issues that may affect sampling or analysis. This paper discusses eight potential sampling or analytical issues associated with groundwater monitoring at sites where in situ treatment technologies are applied. These issues are grouped under three topic areas: Issues related to monitoring wells (Section 2); Representativeness of monitoring wells (Section 3); Post-sampling artifacts (Section 4). EPA 542-F-18-002 Download (2MB/15pp/PDF)

In Situ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil: Engineering Forum Issue Paper Published 2006 This issue paper provides summary information on a wide variety of in situ technologies for the treatment of contaminated soil in both the vadose zone and saturated and unsaturated zones. It presents information on common practices such as soil vapor extraction and bioventing and, less frequently used technologies such as in situ thermal treatment. The paper includes a basic description of the technology, its implementation, applicability based on contaminants and site characteristics, general limitations, costs, and status of the technology's application. EPA 542-F-06-013 Download (923 KB/35pp/PDF)

In Situ Treatment of Contaminated Sediments Published 1998 This report was prepared under grant for EPA by Jon Renholds, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) fellow. The document is intended to provide a basic summary and current status of in situ treatment technologies for the remediation of contaminated sediments. It is not intended to be an inclusive report; it merely provides an overview of the existing work in the field on in situ treatment techniques. The information was gathered from a range of available sources, including project documents, reports, periodicals, Internet searches, and personal communication with involved parties. View document Download (285K/PDF)

In Situ Treatment of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated with Chromium. Technical Resource Guide Published 2000 This report brings together information pertaining to chromium contamination and its in situ treatment and control in groundwater and/or soil, addressing both developed and developing technologies. The report contains a description of each technology, with advantages and disadvantages, status, and performance and cost data. EPA 625-R-00-005 Download (1.3MB/PDF)

In Vivo Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurement Published 11/16/1994 Chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo is a tool that has been used in photosynthesis research, aquatic productivity studies, and stress physiology. Download (343KB/20pp/PDF)

In-Situ Chemical Oxidation: A Study of the Current State of the Technology Published 2008 This document is no longer available. For more information on in-situ chemical oxidation, please see the 'In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Engineering Issue Paper' available from EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. View or Download Issue Paper

Independent Design Review: Grants Chlorinated Solvents Plume, Superfund Site, Grants, Cibola County, New Mexico, EPA Region 6 Published 2011 The Grants Chlorinated Solvents Plume Superfund Site in Grants, Cibola County, New Mexico was selected by EPA OSRTI based on a nomination from EPA Region 6. The remedy is in the early design stage and has an estimated cost of $29.5 million. Several pre-design activities, including additional subsurface investigation and pilot tests, are ongoing and will be evaluated prior to the preliminary design (expected Fall/Winter 2008) and the final design. Results from activities conducted after the IDR site visit are not included in this report and are reserved for future discussion between the IDR team and the site team. EPA 542-R-11-005 Download (4.6MB/49pp/PDF)

Indoor Air Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Published 06/03/2002 The objective of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to provide guidance on the requirements needed to analyze Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in air samples using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Download (606KB/25pp/PDF)

Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Using the Wolfsense IAQ Probe Published 05/06/2004 Outlines the procedures for the measurement of temperature, percent relative humidity (%RH), dew point, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) using the GrayWolf WolfSense IAQ DirectSense 100 and IQ-410 Probe. Download (3KB/33pp/PDF)

Industry Residuals: How They Are Collected, Treated and Applied Published 2006 This document was prepared by Ashley Corker during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. The report is intended to provide an overview of industry residuals that are normally considered a waste but may be extremely useful in the remediation of disturbed soils. Application on land of these residuals not only provides remedial advantages, but also decreases pollution and the need for landfill space. This document is not intended to act as regulatory guidance, but simply to give an overview of alternate solutions to the reclamation of contaminated lands Download (1.5 MB/62pp/PDF)

Initiatives to Develop Web Sites Including Information about Brownfields Properties Published 2001 This web site was created to assist in planning, designing, and operating web sites that include information about individual brownfields properties. The report is of value to parties designing or managing such sites. Their target audiences could include owners of brownfields properties, purchasers, and non-profit organizations, as well as cleanup technology vendors, and other service providers. The 'Initiatives' web site is based on a study conducted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2000. EPA 542-R-01-017 View Report and Web Site Download Report

Innovations In Site Characterization: Geophysical Investigation at Hazardous Waste Sites Published 2000 This compendium describes a number of geophysical technologies and methods that were used at 11 sites with significantly different geological settings and types of subsurface contamination, ranging from relatively homogeneous stratigraphy to the highly heterogeneous mix of sand and clay layers. The types of contamination fell primarily into three broad groups: chlorinated solvents, petroleum-related compounds, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. EPA 542-R-00-003 Download Part 1 (3.0MB/PDF) Download Part 2 (2.2MB/PDF)

Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: Hanscom Air Force Base, Operable Unit 1 Published 1998 This document is a condensation of the information provided in the much more detailed Hanscom AFB Report entitled A Dynamic Site Investigation: Adaptive Sampling and Analysis Program for Operable Unit 1 at Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, Massachusetts. EPA 542-R-98-006 Download (1.8 MB/PDF)

Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: The Role of a Conceptual Site Model for Expedited Site Characterization Using the Triad Approach at the Poudre River Site, Fort Collins, Colorado Published 2006 This case study examines how systematic planning, an evolving conceptual site model (CSM), dynamic work strategies, and real time measurement technologies can be used to unravel complex contaminant distribution patterns and design a remedy at the Cache La Poudre (Poudre) River site. The investigation and design of the remedy involved a former burn landfill, hydrocarbon fuel contamination, and mobile manufactured gas plant (MGP) coal tar waste. The remedy was driven by recreational reuse and proximity to the Poudre River. The remedy involved pathway elimination and stream restoration in a location central to the City of Fort Collins, Colorado. EPA 542-R-06-007 Download (17.9MB/144pp/PDF)

Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: Site Cleanup of the Wenatchee Tree Fruit Test Plot Site Using a Dynamic Work Plan Published 2000 The Wenatchee Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center site contained soils contaminated with organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, and other pesticides due to agriculture-related research activities conducted from 1966 until the mid-1980s. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers used a dynamic work plan guided by field analyses to seamlessly integrate the site characterization and cleanup portions of the project. Characterization, excavation, and segregation of contaminated soil was based on the results of immunoassay (IA) test kits for DDT and cyclodiene pesticides. An initial pilot test and then continuing evaluation of data comparability between the IA methods and fixed laboratory pesticide results allowed the USACE team to develop site-specific IA kit action levels that guided on-site decision-making. Characterization, cleanup, and closure was accomplished within a single 4-month field mobilization, and the entire project cost ($589K) was about half the cost ($1.2 million) estimated according to a more traditional site characterization and remediation scenario relying on multiple rounds of field mobilization, sampling, sample shipment, laboratory analysis, and data assessment EPA 542-R-00-009 Download (501K/PDF)

Innovations in Site Characterization Technology Evaluation: Real-time VOC Analysis Using a Field Portable GC/MS Published 2001 This technology evaluation report describes deployment of the HAPSITE GC/MS by an analytical service provider to produce low-cost, real-time VOC data in the field using EPA Method 8260. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) used the data to make real-time decisions concerning borings placement and long-term monitoring wells installation within a single field mobilization of 3 weeks. The USACE estimated they saved $27,000 (26% of total projected costs) and 4 days of field time over project costs that would have been incurred if fixed laboratory analyses had been used. The report includes a summary of the QA/QC protocol used and project-specific analytical performance. EPA 542-R-01-011 Download Report (750K/PDF)

Innovations in Site Characterization: Interim Guide to Preparing Case Studies Published 1998 Cost-effective cleanup (remediation) of hazardous waste sites cannot occur unless the type, quantities, and locations of chemical contaminants present at the site are adequately determined by a process called characterization. This guide is intended to assist in the preparation of Site Characterization Case Study Reports. EPA 542-B-98-009 Download (123K/PDF) Download (3.5MB/WPD) (Word Perfect 8) Download (1.1MB/DOC) (MS Word 97)

Innovations in Site Characterization: Streamlining Cleanup at Vapor Intrusion and Product Removal Sites Using the Triad Approach: Hartford Plume Site, Hartford, Illinois Published 2010 Vapor intrusion from widespread hydrocarbon plumes at the Hartford Plume Site in the Village of Hartford, Illinois, have resulted in numerous residential housing fires and forced residents to move from their homes. The U.S. EPA Region 5, [Environmental Response Team (ERT), On-Scene Coordinators (OSC)] worked with a proactive group of oil companies (the Hartford Working Group [HWG]) from the area, to address public concerns at the site. The project team used the best management practices (BMPs) of the EPA's Triad Approach—namely, a well-structured systematic planning process, dynamic 'learn as you go' work strategies, and field-based measurement technologies—to expedite the investigation, mitigation, and cleanup processes. The EPA Region 5 OSCs were supported by Triad advocates representing EPA's Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) to provide a second opinion on critical project design considerations. Through the combined efforts of the project team, the extent of contamination was defined in approximately 2 years and an existing mitigation system was augmented and optimized. EPA 542-R-10-006 Download Document (13.7MB/143pp/PDF) Download Enclosures (19.7MB/216pp/PDF)

Innovative Ground-Water Remediation Technologies: Publications and Conference Proceedings (1990-1996) Published This bibliography identifies reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings published from 1990 to 1996 that focus on innovative technologies for the remediation of contaminated ground water. Download (473K/PDF)

Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Scale Demonstration Projects in North America, 2nd Edition Published 2000 A revision and expansion of the EPA publication Completed North American Innovative Technology Demonstration Projects, the project information in the new document is now available in an online, searchable database of ongoing and completed field demonstrations of innovative remediation technologies sponsored by government agencies working in partnership with private technology developers to bring new technologies into the hazardous waste remediation marketplace. Note: This database only contains projects through June 2000. Current demonstration project information is available within the separate Remediation Technology Demonstration Project Profiles database. EPA 542-B-00-004 Download (532K/PDF) Search Database Remediation Technology Demonstration Project Profiles

Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: Clor-N-Soil PCB Test Kit, Dexsil Corp. Published 1995 This report presents the evaluation of two field screening technologies for determining polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil. (Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document) EPA 540-R-95-518 Download (221K/WP6.0/EXE)

Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: EnviroGard PCB Test Kit, Millipore, Inc. Published 1995 This report describes the demonstration and evaluation of an immunoassay field screening technology designed to determine polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil. (Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document) EPA 540-R-95-517 Download (3.7MB/56pp/PDF)

Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: Field Analytical Screening Program: PCP Method Published 1995 This report presents information on the demonstration of the U.S. EPA Region 7 Superfund Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) method for determining pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination in soil and water. (Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document) EPA 540-R-95-528 View or Download

Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: PCP Immunoassay Technologies Published 1995 This report describes the demonstration and evaluation of three immunoassay field screening technologies designed to determine pentachlrophenol (PCP) contamination in soil and water. (Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document) EPA 540-R-95-514 Download (447K/PDF)

Innovative Treatment Technology Developer’s Guide to Support Services (Fourth Edition) Published 2000 This guide is intended to assist developers of innovative hazardous waste treatment technologies by identifying sources of assistance as they progress through the development, demonstration, and commercialization process. Mirroring the stages of that process and identifying resources appropriate to each stage, the guide will help developers to sort through the maze of resources available to find those that meets their needs. EPA 542-B-99-008 Download (1.2MB/PDF)

Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy: Technical/Regulatory Guidance Published 2011 To help managers develop successful integrated strategies for chlorinated solvent sites, this document describes key concepts and recent developments in each of five areas: (1) a conceptual site model based on reliable characterization methods and an understanding of the subsurface conditions that control contaminant transport, reactivity, and distribution; (2) remedial objectives and performance metrics that are clear, concise, and measurable; (3) treatment technologies applied in sequence or in parallel designed to optimize performance and take advantage of potential synergistic effects; (4) monitoring strategies based on interim and final cleanup objectives, the selected treatment technology and approach, and remedial performance goals; and (5) re-evaluating the strategy repeatedly and modifying the approach when objectives are not being met or when alternative methods offer similar or better outcomes at lower cost. Download (4.4MB/209pp/PDF)

Integrating Green Remediation and Climate Resilience Under the Superfund Remedial Acquisition Framework: A Primer for Service Contractors Published 2024 Over the years, organizations such as engineering firms, construction companies and academic or non-profit groups have made valuable contributions to EPA’s mission to protect human health and the environment. EPA’s latest remediation market study estimates that completing remediation at approximately 1,000 sites on the National Priorities List may cost $15.4 billion to $21.1 billion. EPA compiled this primer to help Superfund service contractors and subcontractors plan and implement their work in manners that consider green remediation and climate resilience strategies. The primer summarizes pertinent language in contract clauses and task orders relating to design and engineering services, remediation environmental services, environmental services and operations, and other types of work performed under the Superfund Remedial Acquisition Framework. It also describes associated aspects such as potential deliverables, metrics and costs. EPA 542-R-24-001 Download (15MB/16pp/PDF)

Integrating Water and Waste Programs to Restore Watersheds: A Guide for Federal and State Project Managers Published 2007 The purpose of this manual is to enhance coordination across U.S. EPA, State, and local waste and water programs to streamline requirements, satisfy multiple objectives, tap into a variety of funding sources, and implement restoration activities more efficiently, with a goal of showing measurable results. The manual provides a road map to conducting cross-programmatic watershed assessments and cleanups in watersheds with both water and waste program issues and presents innovative tools to enhance program integration. Finally, the manual provides guidance on integrating assessment and cleanup activities to optimize available tools and resources and thus help restore contaminated waters and sediments efficiently and effectively. EPA 540-K-07-001 View or Download Manual

Introduction to Energy Conservation and Production at Waste Cleanup Sites Published 2004 This issue paper, prepared by EPA's Engineering Forum under the Technical Support Project, provides an overview on the considerations for energy conservation and production during the design and operation and maintenance (O&M) phases of waste cleanup projects. The paper presents four case studies highlighting energy conservation or production, including a site using landfill generated methane gas directed to operate microturbines. The issue paper also introduces an 'energy checklist' as a suggested tool to help project managers consider energy conservation or production at their sites. EPA 542-S-04-001 Download (848K/36pp/PDF)

Introduction to In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater Published 2013 Introduction to In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater was prepared by the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) as an introduction to in situ bioremediation of groundwater. This information is intended for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state agency site managers and may serve as a reference to designers and practitioners. EPA 542-R-13-018 Download (2.3MB/866/PDF)

Introduction to Phytoremediation Published 2000 This introduction is designed to help site regulators, owners, neighbors, and managers to evaluate the applicability of phytoremediation to a site. This document is a compilation of research and remediation work that defines terms and provides a framework to understand phytoremediation applications. See also the 2001 summary of this report. EPA 600-R-99-107 Download (1.9 MB/PDF)

Inventory and Analysis of State Programs for the Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Caused by Agricultural Waste Published 2003 This document was prepared by Deirdra Williams, a National Network of Environmental Management Studies grantee under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report explains state programs for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater caused by agricultural waste and implementation experiences. The target audience is federal and state regulators, planners, and managers of agricultural chemical contamination. Download (493K/30pp/PDF)

Inventory of Radiological Methodologies for Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials Published 2006 This document is part of a continuing effort by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air and the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation to provide guidance to EPA site managers and their contractors responsible for managing the cleanup of sites contaminated with radioactive materials. The document is an overview of radioanalytical methodologies that can be used for the identification and quantification of radionuclides likely to be found in soil and water at cleanup sites contaminated with radioactive materials. It is not a catalog of analytical methods, but rather is intended to assist project managers in understanding the concepts, requirements, practices, and limitations of radioanalytical laboratory analyses of environmental samples. It describes appropriate radioanalytical methodologies used to characterize environmental samples containing radionuclides, including screening methodologies and radionuclide-specific analyses and includes a primer on radiation physics and the basics of radiochemistry. EPA 402-R-06-007 Download (1.9 MB/116pp/PDF)

Investigation-Derived Waste Management Published 10/21/1994 IDW includes soil cuttings, drilling muds, purged groundwater, decontamination fluids (water and other fluids), disposable sampling equipment, and disposable personal protective equipment (PPE). Download (104KB/9pp/PDF)

Issue Paper: How Heat Can Enhance In Situ Soil and Aquifer Remediation Published 1997 This issue paper, developed by the Office of Research and Development, contains in-depth information on the properties of some common organic contaminants that affect their movement in and recovery from the subsurface as well as information on how these properties are affected by temperature. EPA 540-S-97-502 Download (92K/PDF)