Sediments

Valence state: The combining capacity of an atom or radical determined by the number of electrons that it will lose, add, or share when it reacts with other atoms.

Source: The American Heritage™ Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

free product: A NAPL found in the subsurface in sufficient quantity that it can be partially recovered by pumping or gravity drain.

aerobic: Direct aerobic metabolism involves microbial reactions that require oxygen to go forward. The bacteria uses a carbon substrate as the electron donor and oxygen as the electron acceptor. Degradation of contaminants that are susceptible to aerobic degradation but not anaerobic often ceases in the vicinity of the source zone because of oxygen depletion. This can sometimes be reversed by adding oxygen in the form of air (air sparging, bioventing), ozone, or slow oxygen release compound (e.g., ORC(r)).

Aerobic dechlorination may also occur via cometabolism where the dechlorination is incidental to the metabolic activities of the organisms. In this case, contaminants are degraded by microbial enzymes that are metabolizing other organic substrates. Cometabolic dechlorination does not appear to produce energy for the organism. At pilot- or full-scale treatment, cometabolic and direct dechlorination may be indistinguishable, and both processes may contribute to contaminant removal. For aerobic cometabolism to occur there must be sufficient oxygen and a suitable substrate which allows the microbe to produce the appropriate enzyme. These conditions may be present naturally but often in the presence of a source area oxygen and a substrate such as methane or propane will need to be introduced.

Adapted from US. EPA 2006 Engineering Issue: In Situ and Ex Situ Biodegradation Technologies for Remediation of Contaminated Sites

anaerobic: Direct anaerobic metabolism involves microbial reactions occurring in the absence of oxygen and encompasses many processes, including fermentation, methanogenesis, reductive dechlorination, sulfate-reducing activities, and denitrification. Depending on the contaminant of concern, a subset of these activities may be cultivated. In anaerobic metabolism, nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide, oxidized metals, or organic compounds may replace oxygen as the electron acceptor.

Anaerobic dechlorination also may occur via cometabolism where the dechlorination is incidental to the metabolic activities of the organisms. In this case, contaminants are degraded by microbial enzymes that are metabolizing other organic substrates. Cometabolic dechlorination does not appear to produce energy for the organism. At pilot- or full-scale treatment, cometabolic and direct dechlorination may be indistinguishable, and both processes may contribute to contaminant removal.

Quoted from US. EPA 2006 Engineering Issue: In Situ and Ex Situ Biodegradation Technologies for Remediation of Contaminated Sites

architecture: "Architecture" refers to the physical distribution of the contaminant in the subsurface. Residuals that take the form of long thin ganglia or small dispersed globules provide a larger surface area that will dissolve much faster than if the same amount of liquid were concentrated in a competent pool.

Sources: For purposes of this discussion, a DNAPL source zone includes the zone that encompasses the entire subsurface volume in which DNAPL is present either at residual saturation or as "pools" of accumulation above confining units. In addition, the DNAPL source zone includes regions that have come into contact with DNAPL that may be storing contaminant mass as a result of diffusion of DNAPL into the soil or rock matrix.

source zone: For purposes of this discussion, a DNAPL source zone includes the zone that encompasses the entire subsurface volume in which DNAPL is present either at residual saturation or as "pools" of accumulation above confining units. In addition, the DNAPL source zone includes regions that have come into contact with DNAPL that may be storing contaminant mass as a result of diffusion of DNAPL into the soil or rock matrix.

focal ulceration: The process or fact of a localized area being eroded away.

metaplasia of the glandular stomach: A change of cells to a form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.

hyperplasia of the glandular stomach: A condition in which there is an increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ.

histiocytic: Degenerative.

duodenum: First part of the small intestine.

microcytic: Any abnormally small cell.

squamous cell papillomas: A small solid benign tumor with a clear-cut border that projects above the surrounding tissue.

squamous cell carcinomas: Cancer that begins in squamous cells-thin, flat cells that look under the microscope like fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Squamous cell carcinomas may arise in any of these tissues.

jejunum: The middle portion of the small intestine, between duodenum and ileum. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.

ileum: The distal and narrowest portion of the small intestine.

squamous: Flat cells that look like fish scales.

metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.

ossification: The process of creating bone, that is of transforming cartilage (or fibrous tissue) into bone.

clastogenesis: Any process resulting in the breakage of chromosomes.

neoplastic: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells.

ulceration: The process or fact of being eroded away.

leucocytosis: An elevation of the total number of white cells in blood.

neutrophils: A type of white blood cell.

chromodulin: A small protein that binds four trivalent chromium ions.

biomagnification: The increased accumulation and concentration of a contaminant at higher levels of the food chain; organisms higher on the food chain will have larger amounts of contaminants than those lower on the food chain, because the contaminants are not eliminated or broken down into other chemicals within the organisms.

exencephaly: Cerebral tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull.

everted viscera: Rotated body organs in the chest cavity.

To Be Considered: Documents, such as federal or state guidances, that are not legally binding but may be relevant to the topic in question.

gaining: A gaining surface water body is one where groundwater flows into it.

losing: A surface water body is losing when there is a permeable sediment bed that is not in contact with the groundwater allowing the surface water to seep through it.

fluvial: Of or pertaining to flow in rivers and streams.

lacustrine: Of or pertaining to a lake as in lacustrine sediments—sediments at the bottom of a lake.

lipid: Any class of fats that are insoluble in water.

lipophilic: Able to dissolve in lipids—in this case fatty tissue.

organelles: A part of a cell such as mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast that plays a specific role in how the cell functions and membranes.

RfD: The RfD is an estimate of a daily exposure of the human population (including sensitive sub-groups) to a substance that is likely to be without "the appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime." An RfD is expressed in units of mg/kg-day.

autonomic: That part of the nervous system that controls non-conscious actions such as heart rate, perspiration and digestion.

ataxia: Lack of muscle coordination.

funnel-and-gate configuration: A system where low-permeability walls (the funnel) placed in the saturated zone direct contaminated ground-water toward a permeable treatment zone (the gate)

References: ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2015. Draft Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls. 574 pp.

EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2008. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their salts. EFSA Journal 653:1-131.

Hekster, F.M., R.W.P.M. Laane, and P. de Voogt. 2003. Environmental and toxicity effects of perfluoroalkylated substances. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 179:99-121.

Higgins, C. and R. Luthy. 2006. Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments. Environmental Science & Technology 40(23):7251-7256.

HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). 2012 Update. Perfluorooctanoic acid.

Kaiser, M.A., B.S. Larsen, C-P.C. Kao, and R.C. Buck. 2005. Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and -dodecanoic acids. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 50(6):1841-1843.

Kauck, E.A. and A.R. Diesslin. 1951. Some properties of perfluorocarboxylic acids. Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research 43(10):2332-2334.

Lewis, R.J., Sr., ed. 2004. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th ed. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ. V3:2860.

Lide, D.R. 2007. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 88th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 3-412.

SRC (Syracuse Research Corporation). 2016. PHYSPROP Database. SRC Scientific Databases, Accessed May 2016.

UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program). 2015. Proposal to List Pentadecafluorooctanoic Acid (CAS No: 335-67-1, PFOA, Perfluorooctanoic Acid), Its Salts and PFOA-Related Compounds in Annexes A, B and/or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. UNEP/POPS/POPRC.11/5.

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2016. Drinking Water Health Advisory for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA).#pdfsmall# Office of Water, EPA 822-R-16-005, 103 pp

• Overview
• Policy and Guidance
• Conceptual Site Models
• Fate and Transport of Contaminants
• Site Characterization
• Risk Assessment
• Remediation
• Additional Resources

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• Issue Areas Home
• Suggest Resource

Literature References

Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange
Woessne, W.
The Groundwater Project, 158 pp, 2022

This book describes how groundwater is linked with surface water features such as rivers, lakes and wetlands and function as a continuous hydrologic system. The exchange of water is driven by differences in water levels, hydrogeologic properties of earth materials and the underlying geologic framework.

Application of Biofilm Covered Activated Carbon Particles as a Microbial Inoculum Delivery System for Enhanced Bioaugmentation of PCBs in Contaminated Sediment: Phase 1 Final Report
Kjellerup, B. and S. Edwards.
SERDP Project ER-2135, 89 pp, 2013

Anaerobically dechlorinating biofilms were added to sediment as (1) bacteria localized and concentrated onto activated carbon (AC) surfaces in active biofilm communities or (2) enriched wastewater sludge biofilms. Both forms of dechlorinating biofilm were applied to mesocosms consisting of PCB-contaminated sediment from Grasse River, New York. The dechlorinating bacteria remained in the sediment throughout the experiment and increased almost 2-fold in numbers. Dechlorination by the biofilm-covered AC particles with DF1 culture was less extensive compared to the enriched sludge biofilm, but application of either system enhanced the dechlorination of PCBs in sediment and thus made the congeners available for subsequent aerobic degradation and removal.

Characterization of Sediments
USEPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation

This is a searchable database that contains numerous abstracts on sampling and analyzing sediments. Click on needs area, then select Sampling and Analytical Technologies for Potentially Contaminated Sediment, click on Submit Query. The database can also be searched on keywords. It is updated on a quarterly basis.

Contaminated Sediments Research
EPA, Office of Research and Development

Environmental Effects & Dredging and Disposal
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

This is a searchable literature database comprised of technical references covering a diverse range of topics related to environmental effects of dredging and dredged material disposal projects. While useful, it tends to be dated. There are abstracts and citations, as well as fully downloadable documents.

NATO/CCMS Pilot Study: Prevention and Remediation Issues in Selected Industrial Sectors - Sediments - Ljubljana, Slovenia June 17-22, 2007

Abstracts
Presentations

The meeting dealt with the issues of sediment sites and questions of contamination by persistent organic pollutants; 19 technical presentations were given in the broad areas of sediment characterization and remediation.

Sediment Toxicology
USGS Columbia Missouri Office

This Web page contains numerous primarily USGS produced documents and studies concerning toxicity assessments of sediment.

Work Groups

The Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET)

CICEET develops and applies tools to detect, prevent, and reverse the impacts of coastal pollution and habitat degradation on coastal ecosystems and communities.

Guidance on Passive Sampling Methods to Improve Management of Contaminated Sediments: Summary of a SETAC Technical Workshop
Parkerton, T., K. Maruya, M. Lydy, P. Landrum, W. Peijnenburg, P. Mayer, B. Escher, U. Ghosh, S. Kane-Driscoll, M. Greenberg, and P. Chapman (eds).
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), 20 pp, 2013

The Southern California Coastal Water Research Project technical workshop was held November 7-9, 2012 , to promote understanding of passive sampling methods and provide recommendations for current and future use in contaminated sediment management decisions. The workshop participants focused on the challenges of contaminated freshwater, estuarine, and marine sediments affected by major contaminant classes--hydrophobic organic chemicals; metals and metalloids, including arsenic; and other inorganic contaminants of concern, such as selenium. This brief report gives a concise overview of the proceedings and is posted with other SETAC workshop summaries.

International Association for Great Lakes Research

This Web site contains literature and data on contaminated sediments in and around the Great Lakes.

SERDP and ESTCP Workshop on Research and Development Needs for Long-Term Management of Contaminated Sediments
Thompson, T., S. Ells, M. Greenberg, A. Leeson, V. Magar, C. Menzie, C. Patton, M. Pound, D. Reible, D. Rider, J. Speicher, and J. Wakeman.
SERDP-ESTCP, 125 pp, 2012

This report describes the research, demonstration, and technology transfer needs identified during the workshop held July 25-26, 2012, in Seattle, Washington.

Web Sites

Commencement Bay-Nearshore Tideflats
USEPA Region 10

The Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats (CB/NT) Superfund site is located in the City of Tacoma and the Town of Ruston at the southern end of Puget Sound in Washington. It encompasses an active commercial seaport and includes 12 square miles of shallow water, shoreline, and adjacent land, most of which is highly developed and industrialized. EPA placed the site on the Superfund National Priorities List in 1983 due to widespread contamination of the water, sediments, and upland areas. The site is divided into a number of separate Project Areas being managed as distinct sites.

Contaminated Sediments in Water
USEPA Office of Water

This Web page contains a number of links to various EPA documents and other agency websites and documents.

Dredging Operations and Environmental Research
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

This is the front page of the Dredging Operations and Environmental Research Laboratory. It contains links to numerous downloadable manuals and technical reports on all aspects of dredging.

Fluvial Sediment
U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Surface Water

This Web site is devoted to sediment issues in general and provides links to conferences, publications, and training

ISRAP: Interactive Sediment Remedy Assessment Portal
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific.

ISRAP is an online interactive portal designed to help users understand monitoring requirements and monitoring tools associated with sediment remediation. The website can also be useful in understanding data needs during the RI/FS, especially as they pertain to remedies themselves, and post-remedy monitoring. The main feature of the site is the sediment monitoring tools matrix, a database of sediment monitoring tool information that was developed to facilitate the design and optimization of sediment monitoring programs. The matrix can be browsed in a step-by-step mode, if desired. For first-time users, a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) link is provided. A tutorial offers a functional overview of the matrix design and navigation in addition to a short primer about sediment remediation monitoring needs and tools.

Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise

This Web site provides information on the Army Corps of Engineers coastal mapping activities. It has an extensive list of publications, many of which are downloadable.

Lower Duwamish Waterway Cleanup Areas
USEPA Region 10

EPA, Ecology, other government agencies, and private parties are working to clean up the Lower Duwamish Waterway. The cleanups are under EPA's Superfund program, EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act program, and other authorities. The areas listed on this site are at various stages in the cleanup process.

Pesticide National Synthesis Project
USGS, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program

Portland Harbor Community Advisory Group: Oregon DEQ Upland Sites Map

The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has lead responsibility for cleanup of upland sites along the Portland Harbor. This site contains a map from the DEQ with links to information about each site.

Rouge River Project

This website contains information regarding the characterization and cleanup efforts in the Rouge River watershed. It provides examples of inventorying, characterization (sample and analysis of sediments) and cleanup (lake sediment dredging of PCB contaminated sediments.)

SedWeb

An online site designed by the South and Southwest region of the Hazardous Substance Research Centers (HSRC), to promote improvements in contaminated sediments management and research. It contains links to a variety of organizations concerned with sediments. Updating of the site ended September 2007.

Multimedia Resources

CLU-IN Archived Internet Seminars
CLU-IN archived Internet Seminars are two-hour web-based slide presentations with a companion audio portion. Below are past seminars on DNAPL topics. Check the website for future seminar dates.

• Contaminated Sediments: New Tools and Approaches for in-situ Remediation - Session III (Archive of Jan 19, 2011 Seminar)
• Remedy Selection for Contaminated Sediments (Archive of Jan 9, 2018 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments: New Tools and Approaches for in-situ Remediation - Session I (Archive of Nov 17, 2010 Seminar)
• Incorporating Bioavailability Considerations into the Evaluation of Contaminated Sediment Sites (Archive of Apr 18, 2013 Seminar)
• Sediment Cap Chemical Isolation Training (Archive of Jan 18, 2024 Seminar)
• Sediment Cap Chemical Isolation Training (Archive of Apr 30, 2024 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments: New Tools and Approaches for in-situ Remediation - Session II (Archive of Dec 8, 2010 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments: New Tools and Approaches for in-situ Remediation - Session IV (Archive of Feb 14, 2011 Seminar)
• Porewater Concentrations and Bioavailability: How You Can Measure Them and Why They Influence Contaminated Sediment Remediation - Session I - Introduction to Porewater, Bioavailability, and PSDs (Archive of Oct 6, 2014 Seminar)
• Porewater Concentrations and Bioavailability: How You Can Measure Them and Why They Influence Contaminated Sediment Remediation - Session II - PSDs for Organic Contaminants (Archive of Nov 19, 2014 Seminar)
• Porewater Concentrations and Bioavailability: How You Can Measure Them and Why They Influence Contaminated Sediment Remediation - Session III - Metals and PSDs (Archive of Dec 1, 2014 Seminar)
• Bioavailability of Organic Compounds: Methods and Case Studies (Archive of Jun 11, 2008 Seminar)
• The Use of Passive Samplers to Monitor Organic Contaminants at Superfund Sediment Sites (Archive of Aug 26, 2013 Seminar)
• NARPM Presents...In Situ Sediment Remediation Using Benthic Waterjet Amendment Placement (Archive of Nov 16, 2011 Seminar)
• Porewater Concentrations and Bioavailability: How You Can Measure Them and Why They Influence Contaminated Sediment Remediation - Session IV - Case Studies: PSDs for Organic Contaminants (Archive of Dec 15, 2014 Seminar)
• Sediment Remedies: Monitored Natural Recovery — Technical Considerations for Evaluation and Implementation (Archive of Oct 30, 2006 Seminar)
• Use of Remedial Action Levels and Cleanup Levels with Contaminated Sediment Management (Archive of Jan 6, 2022 Seminar)
• NARPM Presents...Using Bioavailability to Assess Contaminated Sediment Risk: Passive Sampling and Porewater Remedial Goals (PWRGs) (Archive of Aug 13, 2018 Seminar)
• Sediment Remedies: Capping — Technical Considerations for Evaluation and Implementation (Archive of Oct 17, 2006 Seminar)
• Sediment Remedies: Dredging — Technical Considerations for Evaluation and Implementation (Archive of Oct 23, 2006 Seminar)
• Superfund Research Program Sediment Bioavailability Assays - Kick-off Webinar Featuring New Research Projects (Archive of May 7, 2012 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments Virtual Workshop Session 3 - Remediation Technologies (Archive of Nov 13, 2019 Seminar)
• Former BICC Cables Site Construction Hudson River Sediment Cap Under the EPRI Building Yonkers, Westchester County, New York (Archive of Jun 10, 2020 Seminar)
• FRTR Presents...Remediation Technologies for Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Soil, Ground Water and Sediments, Session 1 (Archive of Feb 28, 2018 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments Virtual Workshop Session 1 - Site Characterization (Archive of Oct 21, 2019 Seminar)
• The Long-Term Impact of Metal Smelting Operations on Arsenic Availability in Urban Lakes of the South-Central Puget Sound Region (Archive of Jun 26, 2013 Seminar)
• Biogeochemical Interactions Affecting Bioavailability for in Situ Remediation: Session II - Bioavailability of Mixtures of PAHs, Chlorinated Compounds, and Metals (Archive of May 13, 2019 Seminar)
• FRTR Presents...Remediation Technologies for Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Soil, Ground Water and Sediments, Session 2 (Archive of Mar 28, 2018 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments Virtual Workshop Session 4 - Long-Term Monitoring (Archive of Nov 20, 2019 Seminar)
• Anacostia River Capping Project (Archive of Mar 12, 2003 Seminar)
• Biogeochemical Interactions Affecting Bioavailability for in Situ Remediation: Session III - Mercury Bioremediation and Biotransformation Under Varying Biogeochemical Conditions (Archive of May 20, 2019 Seminar)
• Contaminated Sediments Virtual Workshop Session 2 - Risk Assessment (Archive of Oct 30, 2019 Seminar)
• Biological-based Assays - Indicators of Ecological Stress (Archive of Sep 23, 2010 Seminar)
• Session II: Biogeochemical Factors Impacting in situ Remediation of Chlorinated Contaminants (Archive of Feb 9, 2015 Seminar)
• Identifying the Potential for Methylation of Mercury at Mining Sites (Archive of Mar 29, 2016 Seminar)
• Phytotechnologies (Archive of May 10, 2011 Seminar)
• Collaborative Research on Environmental Toxicants in Rapidly Developing Settlements of the U.S.-Mexico Border (Archive of Sep 16, 2009 Seminar)
• Session I: Biogeochemical Factors Impacting in situ Remediation of Metals and PAH Mixtures (Archive of Feb 2, 2015 Seminar)
• 7th Passive Sampling Workshop and Symposium (Day 1) (Archive of Apr 24, 2007 Seminar)
• Field Analytical Technologies for VOCs in Groundwater (Archive of Feb 27, 2001 Seminar)
• Biogeochemical Interactions Affecting Bioavailability for in Situ Remediation: Session I - Innovative Approaches for Chlorinated Compound Bioremediation in Groundwater (Archive of Apr 22, 2019 Seminar)
• NIEHS/EPA PCB Cleanup Technologies (Archive of Oct 9, 2002 Seminar)
• Constructed Treatment Wetlands (Archive of Jan 27, 2005 Seminar)
• Utilizing Innovative Materials Science Approaches to Enhance Bioremediation: Session II - Chlorinated Compounds (Archive of Apr 29, 2022 Seminar)
• Dynamic Data Collection Strategy Using Systematic Planning and Innovative Field-Based Measurement Technologies (Archive of Mar 15, 2001 Seminar)
• Hg Remediation in Aquatic Environments (Archive of Sep 26, 2013 Seminar)
• Analytical Tools and Methods: Session I - Field-ready Biosensors to Assess Bioavailability and Toxicity (Archive of Apr 17, 2017 Seminar)
• Eight Tools of Watershed Protection in Developing Areas (Archive of Jun 22, 2005 Seminar)
• CEC Training for OSCs...Pesticide Emergencies (FIFRA ER for EPA OSCs) (Archive of Nov 13, 2013 Seminar)
• Community Engagement Activities at Superfund Sites (Archive of Mar 31, 2011 Seminar)
• Geospatial Analysis for Optimization at Environmental Sites (Archive of Apr 25, 2019 Seminar)
• Geospatial Analysis for Optimization at Environmental Sites (Archive of Nov 5, 2019 Seminar)
• Phytoremediation: The Potential is Growing (Archive of Oct 14, 2008 Seminar)
• Microplastics (Archive of Mar 7, 2023 Seminar)
• Microplastics (Archive of Nov 7, 2023 Seminar)
• Microplastics (Archive of Feb 27, 2024 Seminar)
• Ecological Revitalization Resources Available through EPA - Part 1 (Archive of Dec 3, 2007 Seminar)
• Environmental Molecular Diagnostics: New Tools for Better Decisions (Archive of Nov 3, 2016 Seminar)
• Ecological Revitalization Case Studies - The Atlas Tack Site and the Poudre River Site (Archive of Aug 2, 2007 Seminar)
• Bioavailability - Metals (Archive of May 28, 2008 Seminar)
• Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment (Archive of Sep 26, 2006 Seminar)
• 7th Passive Sampling Workshop and Symposium (Day 2) (Archive of Apr 25, 2007 Seminar)
• Harnessing Natural River Processes to Remediate 120 km of the Big River in Jefferson County, Missouri (Archive of Sep 25, 2019 Seminar)
• 2020 Design and Construction at Hazardous Waste Sites Virtual Symposium: Panel 5 and Panel 6 (Archive of Oct 28, 2020 Seminar)
• Utilizing Innovative Materials Science Approaches to Enhance Bioremediation: Session I - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances. (Archive of Apr 15, 2022 Seminar)
• Utilizing Innovative Materials Science Approaches to Enhance Bioremediation: Session III - Plant and Fungal-based Bioremediation. (Archive of May 13, 2022 Seminar)
• Introduction to Trading for Water Quality Protection (Archive of Dec 14, 2005 Seminar)
• Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM-2) Update Training Modules (Archive of Jan 26, 2021 Seminar)
• Analytical Tools and Methods: Session III - Fate and Transport of Contaminants (Archive of Jun 12, 2017 Seminar)
• Integration of Resiliency and Sustainability into Remedy Evaluation, Design, and O&M: A Compilation of Case Study Findings (Archive of May 13, 2020 Seminar)
• Earth Gauge™: Conveying Environmental Information Through the TV Weather Report (Archive of Aug 15, 2007 Seminar)
• Brownfields Road Map to Understanding Options for Site Investigation and Cleanup (Archive of Oct 3, 2012 Seminar)
• Innovative Technologies Used to Quantify Environmental Contaminant Bioavailability and Characterize Environmental Exposure (Archive of Jan 30, 2012 Seminar)
• Soil Sampling and Decision Making Using Incremental Sampling Methodology - Part 1 (Archive of Jan 5, 2017 Seminar)
• Soil Sampling and Decision Making Using Incremental Sampling Methodology - Part 2 (Archive of Jan 12, 2017 Seminar)
• Superfund Research Program Progress in Research Webinar Part 2: Legacy and Emerging Contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, PFAS) (Archive of Oct 28, 2020 Seminar)
• Climate Change and Health: Session III - Documenting Exposures and Promoting Health (Archive of Nov 18, 2022 Seminar)

Remediation of Contaminated Sediments: Technical Options and Environmental Consequences
Patterson, J.W.
Georgia Institute of Technology: 2011 Kappe Lecture. Lecture and video runtime: 54:11 minutes, 2011

This lecture focuses on the Lower Fox River (LFR), Wisconsin, a megasite that comprises ~39 miles of the LFR as well as the Bay of Green Bay and is one of the nations' largest sediment remediation sites. An estimated 279,000 to 881,000 pounds of PCBs were released to the river, almost entirely prior to 1972. The advantages and risks of alternative contaminated sediment remedial approaches and the utility of multiple approaches within individual sites are discussed.

Sedimentary, My Dear Watson. Passive Sampling Methods and Sediment Remediation (Podcast)
Greenberg, M.S.
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. Podcast runtime: 12:27 minutes, 2014

The management of contaminated sediment is often expensive and time-consuming, involving millions of dollars over many years at a single site. However, an easier solution may be coming to a regulatory agency near you. Passive sampling methods offer several advantages over traditional remediation and monitoring techniques, and are the focus of this podcast episode.

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