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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. EPA Technology Innovation and Field Services Division

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Star Brite Cleaners, Winter Springs , Florida

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

This is an active drycleaning facility that used petroleum solvent from 1981 to 1990 and has used PCE since 1990. Several solvent spills have been reported at the facility including a petroleum solvent spill inside the facility and leaks associated with an AST located outside the facility where petroleum solvent was stored. Two discharges of PCE from a distillation unit were also reported. The business is located in a residential/retail commercial setting. The facility is served by a septic tank/drainfield and an onsite water well is used to serve laundry operations. Identified contaminant source areas are the septic tank/drainfield, soils beneath the facility floor slab, and soils in the former AST location.

Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.


Contaminant Media Concentration (ppb) Nondetect
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) groundwater 88 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) soil 270 ppb
Trichloroethene (TCE) groundwater 12 ppb

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:   30ft bgs
Plume Size:   Plume Length: 120ft
Plume Width: 60ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:   14ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

 
  fine-grained sand
Depth: 0-6ft bgs
6ft thick
Conductivity: 2ft/day
Gradient: 0.007ft/ft
 
  clayey, fine-grained sand
Depth: 6-12ft bgs
6ft thick
 
  silty, fine-grained sand
Depth: 12-32ft bgs
20ft thick
 
  fine-grained sand
Depth: 32-52ft bgs
20ft thick
 
  sandy clay
Depth: 52-58ft bgs
6ft thick
 
  sandy clay with shells
Depth: 58-69ft bgs
11ft thick

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

checkGroundwater
Sediments
checkSoil
DNAPL Present

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:
  Groundwater: PCE= 3.0 µg/l, TCE= 3 µg/l

Soil: PCE = 30 µg/kg, TPH = 340 mg/kg

Technologies

In Situ Monitored Natural Attenuation
 

Why the technology was selected:
Septic tank cleanuout/monitored natural attenuation were the selected remedies. The following contaminants were detected in wastewater/sludge samples collected from the septic tank: 2,030 ug/l PCE, 572 ug/l cis 1,2-DCE, 6.5 ug/l TCE and low concentrations of the following PAHs - naphthalene, fluorene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene. A Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure run on PCE contaminated soil samples demonstrated that PCE was not leaching from these soils in concentrations that exceeded the Groundwater Cleanup Target Level. Given the low PCE and TCE concentrations present in groundwater, it was believed that source rememoval (septic tank cleanout) would result in reductions of contaminant concentrations to below cleanup target levels.

Date implemented:
September 23, 1999 (septic tank).

Results to date:
A total of 990 gallons of contaminated wastewater/sludge was removed from the septic tank via vacuum truck and placed in 55 gallons drums. The wastes were disinfected and then manifested off-site for disposal as hazardous waste. Groundwater monitoring continued at the site and contaminant concentrations in groundwater declined. In September of 2002 the second of two consecutive monitoring events was conducted that demonstrated that contaminant concentrations in groundwater were below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
A Site Rehabilitation Completion Order for the site was issued on April 4, 2003.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$23,100

Ex Situ Soil Removal
 

Why the technology was selected:
Septic tank cleanuout/monitored natural attenuation were the selected remedies. The following contaminants were detected in wastewater/sludge samples collected from the septic tank: 2,030 ug/l PCE, 572 ug/l cis 1,2-DCE, 6.5 ug/l TCE and low concentrations of the following PAHs - naphthalene, fluorene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene. A Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure run on PCE contaminated soil samples demonstrated that PCE was not leaching from these soils in concentrations that exceeded the Groundwater Cleanup Target Level. Given the low PCE and TCE concentrations present in groundwater, it was believed that source rememoval (septic tank cleanout) would result in reductions of contaminant concentrations to below cleanup target levels.

Date implemented:
September 23, 1999 (septic tank).

Results to date:
A total of 990 gallons of contaminated wastewater/sludge was removed from the septic tank via vacuum truck and placed in 55 gallons drums. The wastes were disinfected and then manifested off-site for disposal as hazardous waste. Groundwater monitoring continued at the site and contaminant concentrations in groundwater declined. In September of 2002 the second of two consecutive monitoring events was conducted that demonstrated that contaminant concentrations in groundwater were below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
A Site Rehabilitation Completion Order for the site was issued on April 4, 2003.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$23,100

Costs

Cost for Assessment:
  $81,800
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
  Groundwater Monitoring: $21,900 Site Restoration: $3,700
Total Costs for Cleanup:
  $136,500

Lessons Learned

1. To date all septic tanks identified and sampled in the Florida Drycleaning Solvent Program have been contaminated with drycleaning solvents.

2. Petroleum solvent releases at the site did not contaminate groundwater at the site. The petroleum contaminants sorbed to the soils and are biodegrading.

3. Removal of contaminated septage from the septic tank resulted in reduction of contaminants in groundwater.

Contacts

Aaron Cohen
Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Cleanup, MS 4500
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8974
Aaron.Cohen@dep.state.fl.us

Blanche Wallace, consultant
Earth Tech Consulting, Inc.
30 South Keller Road, Suite 500
Orlando, Florida 32810-6101
(407) 331-5967
blanche_wallace@earthtech.com

Site Specific References

Contamination Assessment Report - 1997
Remedial Action Report - 1999
Groundwater Monitoring Reports: 1999-2002

 

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