State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles
Dryclean Express #53-0001, Sanford, North Carolina
Description
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An active facility using Perc Dry-to-Dry machine with base tank located in a tenant space of a single-story strip shopping center built slab on grade with multiple adjacent commercial tenants since 1984. No previous incidents were reported at the site prior to discovery date. Site was discovered in March 2007 by property owner during Phase II assessment for a property transaction. Probable source of contamination is unknown but is most likely related to historical daily operations and use in solvent storage, handling, and waste management practices prior to establishment of state release prevention regulations implemented in 1997. The targeted source area is the subsurface soils and groundwater immediately underneath the shopping center tenant spaces below the dry cleaning facility and adjacent tenant spaces. Remediation Status: In active remediation |
Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount
detected in both soil and groundwater.
Contaminant | Media | Concentration (ppb) | Nondetect |
---|---|---|---|
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene | groundwater | ||
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene | soil | ||
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) | groundwater | ||
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) | soil | ||
Trichloroethene (TCE) | groundwater | ||
Trichloroethene (TCE) | soil | ||
Vinyl Chloride | groundwater | ||
Vinyl Chloride | soil |
Site Hydrology
Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination: | 40ft bgs | |
Plume Size: | Plume Length: 720ft Plume Width: 200ft Plume Thickness: 40ft |
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Average Depth to Groundwater: | 13ft |
Lithology and Subsurface Geology
interbedded sandy silts and clays Depth: 0-20ft bgs 20ft thick Gradient: 0.0241ft/ft |
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fluvial deposits of conglomerate, fanglomerate sandstone, and mudstone Depth: 20-75ft bgs 55ft thick |
Pathways and DNAPL Presence
Groundwater Sediments Soil DNAPL Present |
Vapor Intrusion Pathway
Has the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) been evaluated? |
Yes |
|
How was the site evaluated? |
Soil vapor and/or Sub-slab vapor sampling,Indoor air sampling,Groundwater sampling,Compared sample concentration to screening criteria,Used an exposure screening model |
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Results of VI evaluation: |
A completed VI pathway has been indentified | |
Has a vapor mitigation system been installed? |
Yes | |
Type of Vapor Mitigation System(s): |
Sub-slab Depressurization |
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Additional VI Information: |
A subfloor depressurization system was deployed prior to the installation of the soil SVE system but could not achieve the indoor air concentration mitigation goals within the affected tenant spaces. Therefore, a more aggressive SVE system was evaluated. However, based on simultaneous indoor air sampling within the dry-cleaning facility and the adjacent tenant spaces during times of active and inactive dry-cleaning operations at the facility, it was determined that emissions from the active dry-cleaner operations caused an increase in the indoor air concentrations in the adjacent tenant units above what is being contributed by vapor intrusion from the sub-floor and subsurface soils and groundwater. |
Remediation Scenario
Cleanup
Goals: |
To reduce contaminant concentrations so that the site risks do not exceed a cumulative cancer risk of 1E-05 and a hazard index below 1.0. |
|
Remedy Level: |
Interim Action |
Technologies
In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction |
Why the technology was selected: Date implemented: Final remediation design: Results to date: Next Steps: Cost to Design and Implement: |
Costs
Cost
for Assessment: |
$226,003.88 | |
Cost
for Operation and Maintenance: |
$22,649.04 | |
Total
Costs for Cleanup: |
Not completed. |
Lessons Learned
Emissions from dry cleaners in multi-tenant buildings are a source of indoor air impacts in adjacent tenant spaces. SVE systems can be installed and implemented faster than in-situ technologies depending on time to ascertain injection permits for a site which can be an asset if time to implementation is an issue. We will know once system life and expenditures have been completed to determine if a different technology may have had a higher capital cost but less operational time to complete goals compared to longevity of O&M costs due to time required to reach remediation goals using current system. |
Contacts
Al Chapman, L.G. - Project Manager North Carolina Dry Cleaning Solvent Cleanup Act Program NCDENR - Division of Waste Management 1646 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1646 Phone: (919) 707-8368 Email: Al.Chapman@ncdenr.gov |
Site Specific References
The site reports are available on the NCDENR document portal system at https://edm.nc.gov/DENR-Portal/ |