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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. EPA Technology Innovation and Field Services Division

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Former Dry Cleaner, Corpus Christi, Texas

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

The subject property is a historical dry cleaning facility. This property is located in a heavily developed part of Corpus Christi approximately 1,000 feet from Corpus Christi Bay. Currently, the location of the former dry cleaner has been redeveloped and contains a multistory parking garage associated with nearby medical facilities including the Christus Spohn Hospital located immediately south of the former cleaners.

Remediation Status: Site closed


Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.


Contaminant Media Concentration (ppb) Nondetect
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene groundwater 148 ppb
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene groundwater 522 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) groundwater 431 ppb
Trichloroethene (TCE) groundwater 656 ppb
Vinyl Chloride groundwater 20.4 ppb

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:   22ft bgs
Plume Size:   Plume Length: 220ft
Plume Width: 75ft
Plume Thickness: 2ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:   21ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

Beaumont Clay Formation
  This formation consists of poorly-bedded clay and marl, interbedded with lenses of sand. The Beaumont clay can be sandy and comprised of reddish-brown clay with some sand beds.
Montgomery Formation
 
Bently Formation
 
Willis Sand
 

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

checkGroundwater
Sediments
Soil
DNAPL Present

Vapor Intrusion Pathway

Has the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) been evaluated?
  No
Has a vapor mitigation system been installed?
   

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:
  Reduce COC concentrations below PCLs
Remedy Level:
  Interim Action

Technologies

In Situ Bioremediation
 

Why the technology was selected:
This response was chosen because in-situ bioremediation is a complimentary response action to the existing natural attenuation of the groundwater plume. Natural attenuation processes have been active within the plume area since the date (circa 1960's) of the historical release.

Date implemented:
August 2011

Final remediation design:
An in-situ bio-augmentation event was conducted at the site consisted of the
injection of 150 gallons of Cl-Out® was injected into the first GWBU through 10 temporary injection points located across the former PCLE zone in order to supplement the ongoing natural attenuative processes and increase the rate of bacterial destruction. A hydraulic push drill rig equipped with a low pressure injection pump was used to probe each location and inject the microbial solution through the temporary injection points. Approximately 15 gallons of the Cl-Out® solution was injected into each point at a depth of approximately 32 feet below grade. Upon completion of the injection event, the injection points were grouted to the surface and the pavement was repaired.

Results to date:
Concentrations of the constituents of concern have decreased to levels below applicable Class 3 PCLs, and natural attenuation processes will continue to further degrade concentrations into the future. TCE has reported decreases between 59 and 81 percent.

PCE was detected in three of the five samples at concentrations between 0.031 J and 0.170 mg/L.
Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for PCE (0.5 mg/L).

TCE was detected in each of the five samples at concentrations between 0.011 and 0.270 mg/L.

Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for TCE (0.5 mg/L).

Cis-1,2-DCE was detected in each of the five samples at concentrations between 0.049 and 0.500 mg/L. Each of the concentrations are less than the Class 3 GW PCL for cis-1,2-DCE (7.0 mg/L).

Trans-1,2-DCE was reported in four samples at concentrations between 0.0014 J and 0.180 mg/L. Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for trans-1,2-DCE (10.0 mg/L).

Vinyl chloride was also reported in four samples at concentrations between 0.0056 and 0.015 mg/L. Each of the concentrations is less than the Class 3 GW PCL for VC (0.2 mg/L).

Cost to Design and Implement:
$39,101.66

In Situ Monitored Natural Attenuation
 

Why the technology was selected:
This response was chosen because in-situ bioremediation is a complimentary response action to the existing natural attenuation of the groundwater plume. Natural attenuation processes have been active within the plume area since the date (circa 1960's) of the historical release.

Date implemented:
August 2011

Final remediation design:
An in-situ bio-augmentation event was conducted at the site consisted of the
injection of 150 gallons of Cl-Out® was injected into the first GWBU through 10 temporary injection points located across the former PCLE zone in order to supplement the ongoing natural attenuative processes and increase the rate of bacterial destruction. A hydraulic push drill rig equipped with a low pressure injection pump was used to probe each location and inject the microbial solution through the temporary injection points. Approximately 15 gallons of the Cl-Out® solution was injected into each point at a depth of approximately 32 feet below grade. Upon completion of the injection event, the injection points were grouted to the surface and the pavement was repaired.

Results to date:
Concentrations of the constituents of concern have decreased to levels below applicable Class 3 PCLs, and natural attenuation processes will continue to further degrade concentrations into the future. TCE has reported decreases between 59 and 81 percent.

PCE was detected in three of the five samples at concentrations between 0.031 J and 0.170 mg/L.
Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for PCE (0.5 mg/L).

TCE was detected in each of the five samples at concentrations between 0.011 and 0.270 mg/L.

Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for TCE (0.5 mg/L).

Cis-1,2-DCE was detected in each of the five samples at concentrations between 0.049 and 0.500 mg/L. Each of the concentrations are less than the Class 3 GW PCL for cis-1,2-DCE (7.0 mg/L).

Trans-1,2-DCE was reported in four samples at concentrations between 0.0014 J and 0.180 mg/L. Each of the concentrations are below the Class 3 GW PCL for trans-1,2-DCE (10.0 mg/L).

Vinyl chloride was also reported in four samples at concentrations between 0.0056 and 0.015 mg/L. Each of the concentrations is less than the Class 3 GW PCL for VC (0.2 mg/L).

Cost to Design and Implement:
$39,101.66

Costs

Cost for Assessment:
  $143,542.47
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
 
Total Costs for Cleanup:
 

Lessons Learned

Learned what works and what doesn't as far as bioremediation and the amount of Cl-Out used. Learned that the use of bioremediation should be tailored to each specific site, and not used the same way at all sites.

Contacts

David Cullen
Project Manager
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
PST/DCRP Section, Remediation Division, MC-137
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087

Site Specific References

Response Action Completion Report 2011
Sampling Event Summary and Status Report 2011

 

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