CLU-IN Home

U.S. EPA Contaminated Site Cleanup Information (CLU-IN)


This content is being minimally managed and was last updated in July 2021. EPA recognizes that this content is relevant to site remediation stakeholders and will continue streamlined review and maintenance of this content.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. EPA Technology Innovation and Field Services Division

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Coral Cleaners, Hollywood, Florida

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

This is an active PCE drycleaning facility that has been in operation since 1966. It is located in a strip mall in a mixed retail commercial/residential setting. PCE was formerly stored in an above-ground storage tank (AST) located in the southeastern corner of the facility. A wastewater sample collected from the sanitary sewer in an earlier investigation showed a PCE concentration of 9,610 µg/L. Identified contaminant source areas at the site were: the drycleaning machine, AST, and sanitary sewer lateral.

Remediation Status: Site closed


Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.


Contaminant Media Concentration (ppb) Nondetect
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene groundwater 460 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) groundwater 430 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) soil 6,097 ppb
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene groundwater 7.31 ppb
Vinyl Chloride groundwater 290 ppb

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:   57ft bgs
Plume Size:   Plume Length: 400ft
Plume Width: 240ft
Plume Thickness: 57ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:   8.5ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

 
  fine to medium-grained sand with limestone stringers
Depth: 0-20ft bgs
20ft thick
Conductivity: 88ft/day
Gradient: 0.0013ft/ft
 
  fine to medium-grained sand
Depth: 20-58ft bgs
38ft thick
 
  limestone
Depth: 58-70ft bgs
12ft thick

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

checkGroundwater
Sediments
checkSoil
DNAPL Present

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:
  Groundwater: PCE = 3 µg/L, TCE = 3 µg/L, cis 1,2-DCE = 70 µg/L, trans 1,2-DCE = 100 µg/L, vinyl chloride = 1 µg/L.

Soil: PCE = 30 µg/kg, TCE = 30 µg/kg

Technologies

In Situ Monitored Natural Attenuation
 

Why the technology was selected:
Soil vapor extraction was chosen as the soil remedy, because it is an effective technology for removing VOCs from permeable unsaturated soils. Monitored natural attenuation was chosen as the groundwater remedy, because contaminant levels were low in groundwater and reductive dechlorination was actively occurring. It was believed that removing the contaminants from the unsaturated zone in conjuction with the already-occurring reductive dechlorination in groundwater would result in site closure.

Results to date:
SVE system was shut down in April 2004. The system recovered an estimated 4.2 lbs of VOCs. Groundwater monitoring was conducted after shut down of the SVE system. Groundwater cleanup target levels were met except in samples from monitoring wells located south of the drycleaning facility near the sanitary sewer lateral that served the strip mall. In May 2006, a camera was run down the sewer line. Numerous cracks and and some partial collapses of sections of sewer pipe were documented. The City of Hollywood repaired the sewer line, and contaminant concentrations in nearby monitoring wells dropped below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
The site has met the No Further Action Criteria and a Site Rehabilitation Order will be issued for the site.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$86,400 for all technologies

In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction
 

Why the technology was selected:
Soil vapor extraction was chosen as the soil remedy, because it is an effective technology for removing VOCs from permeable unsaturated soils. Monitored natural attenuation was chosen as the groundwater remedy, because contaminant levels were low in groundwater and reductive dechlorination was actively occurring. It was believed that removing the contaminants from the unsaturated zone in conjuction with the already-occurring reductive dechlorination in groundwater would result in site closure.

Date implemented:
May 7, 2003

Final remediation design:
Three vapor 4-inch diameter PVC extraction wells screened 3-6 ft bgs. A 3-H.P. Rotron blower. Off gas treated with two 170-lb G.A.C. units. Design flow rate was 55 cfm/well and 3" w.c./well.

Results to date:
SVE system was shut down in April 2004. The system recovered an estimated 4.2 lbs of VOCs. Groundwater monitoring was conducted after shut down of the SVE system. Groundwater cleanup target levels were met except in samples from monitoring wells located south of the drycleaning facility near the sanitary sewer lateral that served the strip mall. In May 2006, a camera was run down the sewer line. Numerous cracks and and some partial collapses of sections of sewer pipe were documented. The City of Hollywood repaired the sewer line, and contaminant concentrations in nearby monitoring wells dropped below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
The site has met the No Further Action Criteria and a Site Rehabilitation Order will be issued for the site.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$86,400 for all technologies

Ex Situ Carbon Adsorption
 

Why the technology was selected:
Soil vapor extraction was chosen as the soil remedy, because it is an effective technology for removing VOCs from permeable unsaturated soils. Monitored natural attenuation was chosen as the groundwater remedy, because contaminant levels were low in groundwater and reductive dechlorination was actively occurring. It was believed that removing the contaminants from the unsaturated zone in conjuction with the already-occurring reductive dechlorination in groundwater would result in site closure.

Date implemented:
May 7, 2003

Final remediation design:
Three vapor 4-inch diameter PVC extraction wells screened 3-6 ft bgs. A 3-H.P. Rotron blower. Off gas treated with two 170-lb G.A.C. units. Design flow rate was 55 cfm/well and 3" w.c./well.

Results to date:
SVE system was shut down in April 2004. The system recovered an estimated 4.2 lbs of VOCs. Groundwater monitoring was conducted after shut down of the SVE system. Groundwater cleanup target levels were met except in samples from monitoring wells located south of the drycleaning facility near the sanitary sewer lateral that served the strip mall. In May 2006, a camera was run down the sewer line. Numerous cracks and and some partial collapses of sections of sewer pipe were documented. The City of Hollywood repaired the sewer line, and contaminant concentrations in nearby monitoring wells dropped below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
The site has met the No Further Action Criteria and a Site Rehabilitation Order will be issued for the site.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$86,400 for all technologies

Ex Situ Soil Removal
 

Why the technology was selected:
Soil vapor extraction was chosen as the soil remedy, because it is an effective technology for removing VOCs from permeable unsaturated soils. Monitored natural attenuation was chosen as the groundwater remedy, because contaminant levels were low in groundwater and reductive dechlorination was actively occurring. It was believed that removing the contaminants from the unsaturated zone in conjuction with the already-occurring reductive dechlorination in groundwater would result in site closure.

Date implemented:
May 7, 2003

Final remediation design:
Three vapor 4-inch diameter PVC extraction wells screened 3-6 ft bgs. A 3-H.P. Rotron blower. Off gas treated with two 170-lb G.A.C. units. Design flow rate was 55 cfm/well and 3" w.c./well.

Results to date:
SVE system was shut down in April 2004. The system recovered an estimated 4.2 lbs of VOCs. Groundwater monitoring was conducted after shut down of the SVE system. Groundwater cleanup target levels were met except in samples from monitoring wells located south of the drycleaning facility near the sanitary sewer lateral that served the strip mall. In May 2006, a camera was run down the sewer line. Numerous cracks and and some partial collapses of sections of sewer pipe were documented. The City of Hollywood repaired the sewer line, and contaminant concentrations in nearby monitoring wells dropped below cleanup target levels.

Next Steps:
The site has met the No Further Action Criteria and a Site Rehabilitation Order will be issued for the site.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$86,400 for all technologies

Costs

Cost for Assessment:
  $153,900
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
  $90,500 (includes monitoring) $7,000 site closure & restoration
Total Costs for Cleanup:
  $337,800

Lessons Learned

Failure to identify continuing sources of contamination from active drycleaning operations will preclude closure at most sites.

Contacts

Aaron Cohen
Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Cleanup, MS 4500
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8974
Aaron.Cohen@dep.state.fl.us

Contractor:
Guy Frearson, Consultant
Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.
3740 Executive Way
Miramar, Florida 33025
Phone: (954) 450-5144
E-mail: Guy.Frearson@m-e.aecom.com

Site Specific References

Site Assessment Report - 1997
Remedial Action Plan - 2002
SVE System Start-up Report - 2003
Operation & Maintenance Reports
Groundwater Monitoring Reports

 

Top of Page