Anderson, R., J. Norrman, P.-E. Back, T. Soederqvist, and L. Rosen.
Science of the Total Environment 630:103-116(2018)

The sustainable remediation concept has brought increased attention to the often overlooked contradictory effects of site remediation. The SCORE tool used in this analysis is based on a holistic multi-criteria decision analysis approach to assess sustainability in three dimensions: environmental, social, and economic. Analysis of four real case study sites in Sweden revealed that the decision support outcome from a full sustainability assessment often differed from that of other assessment views and resulted in remediation alternatives that balanced trade-offs in most of the scenarios. In relation to the public perspective and traditional scope, which was seen to lead to the most extensive and expensive remediation alternatives, the trade-off was related to less contaminant removal in favor of reduced negative secondary effects, such as emissions and waste disposal. Compared to the private perspective associated with the lowest-cost alternatives, the trade-off was higher costs but more positive environmental and social effects. Both the green and traditional assessment scopes generally missed out on relevant social and local environmental secondary effects, which might be very important for the actual remedial decision. http://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/103564.pdf