Moradi, A., K.M. Smits, and J.O. Sharp.
Water 10(10):1288(2018)

This paper presents a novel method to couple an environmental bioremediation system with a subsurface renewable energy storage system. This method involves treating unsaturated contaminated soil using in situ thermally enhanced bioremediation; the thermal system is powered by renewable energy. After remediation goals are achieved, the thermal system can then be used to store renewable energy in the form of heat in the subsurface for later use. This method can be used for enhanced treatment of environmental pollutants for which temperature is considered a limiting factor. For instance, this system can be used at a wide variety of petroleum-related sites that are likely contaminated with hydrocarbons, such as oil refineries and facilities with above- and underground storage tanks. In this paper, a case-study example was analyzed using a previously developed numerical model of heat transfer in unsaturated soil. Results demonstrate that coupling energy storage and thermally enhanced bioremediation systems offer an efficient and sustainable way to achieve desired temperature-moisture distribution in soil that will ultimately enhance the microbial activity. This paper is Open Access at https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/10/1288/htm.