U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Economic Growth, Education and Environment (E3), Office of Economic Policy, 110 pp, 2018

Remediation of the Danang Airport was a 10-year, $103.5 million project that aimed to characterize, remove and contain dioxin-contaminated soil and sediment from site hot spots. Originally, 73,000 m³ contaminated soils and sediments were scheduled to be excavated from the airport into a secure landfill. Based on a 2010 environmental assessment, the project expanded to include in-pile thermal desorption to heat dioxin-contaminated soil to 335°C, causing dioxin to break down into non-toxic components. The project excavated 162,567 m³, treated 94,593 m³ and contained 67,974 m³ of contaminated soil in landfills. It was cost-effective, treating large amounts of dioxin and contaminated materials at a low per-unit cost and in a short time. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TDS3.pdf See video for more information: https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/videos/pile-thermal-desorption-iptd-animation See presentation for more information: https://www.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/2017/09/4-Kent_Sorenson-et-al-Dioxin-2017.pptx