Ross, I., S. Manivannan, E. Houtz, J. Mcdonough, and P. Storch.
Real Property Institute of Canada Federal Contaminated Sites Regional Workshop, 4-5 June, Halifax, NS, 38 slides, 2019

Loss of concentrated aqueous film-forming foam at Brisbane Airport in Queensland resulted in PFAS impact to domestic/industrial sewer and stormwater systems and nearby surface water. The sewer and stormwater systems were subsequently isolated to prevent further impact on the environment. About 6 million liters (ML) of wastewater and 6 ML of stormwater were collected, contained in 20 m³ capacity tanks, and treated to a concentration of <0.25 µg/L (sum of 28 PFAS compounds), as measured by total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. An innovative ozofractionation treatment process was designed, installed, and commissioned in four weeks to treat the contaminated water. The primary waste generated from the process was a highly concentrated aqueous PFAS stream. The ozofractionation process demonstrated the ability to treat high PFAS concentrations up to 4,000 µg/L as well as much lower PFAS concentrations whilst also handling the high organic load and other co-contaminants of the mixture of raw domestic and industrial sewage. A reduction of > 99.9% of PFAS was routinely achieved. The system reliably removed long-chain and short-chain PFAS < 2 µg/L. To reach the final treatment objective, a membrane filtration system was installed to reduce concentrations reliably < 0.25 µg/L TOP assay. https://www.rpic-ibic.ca/images/2019_FCSRW/presentations/Decontamination_of_PFAS_Impacted_Infrastructure_and_Full-Scale_Treatment_of_PFAS_Impacted_Wastewater_Using_Ozofractionation_with_Treatment_Validation_using_TOP_Assay.pdf