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SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS IN CONTAMINATED SOILS: A CRITICAL REVIEW.
Palansooriya, K.N., S.M. Shaheen, S.S. Chen, D.C.W. Tsang, Y. Hashimoto, D. Hou, et al.
Environment International [Published online 12 November 2019 prior to print]
This review focuses on the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through immobilization techniques using different soil amendments with respect to the type of element, soil, and amendment, immobilization efficiency, underlying mechanisms, and field applicability. Soil amendments to immobilize PTEs include manure, compost, biochar, clay minerals, phosphate compounds, coal fly ash, and liming materials. Integrated application of appropriate amendments is recommended to maximize their use efficiency. Soil properties, such as soil pH, and clay, sesquioxides, and organic matter content, and soil processes, such as sorption/desorption and redox processes, are the key factors governing the amendments' efficacy for PTEs immobilization in soils. Long-term stability of immobilized PTE compounds and the environmental impacts and cost-effectiveness of the amendments should be considered before amendment application.
Environment International [Published online 12 November 2019 prior to print]
This review focuses on the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through immobilization techniques using different soil amendments with respect to the type of element, soil, and amendment, immobilization efficiency, underlying mechanisms, and field applicability. Soil amendments to immobilize PTEs include manure, compost, biochar, clay minerals, phosphate compounds, coal fly ash, and liming materials. Integrated application of appropriate amendments is recommended to maximize their use efficiency. Soil properties, such as soil pH, and clay, sesquioxides, and organic matter content, and soil processes, such as sorption/desorption and redox processes, are the key factors governing the amendments' efficacy for PTEs immobilization in soils. Long-term stability of immobilized PTE compounds and the environmental impacts and cost-effectiveness of the amendments should be considered before amendment application.
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