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CAN BIOCHAR AND DESIGNER BIOCHAR BE USED TO REMEDIATE PER- AND POLYFLUORINATED ALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) AND LEAD AND ANTIMONY CONTAMINATED SOILS?
Silvani, L., G. Cornelissen, A. B. Smebye, Y. Zhang, G. Okkenhaug, et al.
Science of The Total Environment 694:133693(2019)
Contaminated soils were amended with either waste timber biochar (BC), coconut shell activated biochar (aBC) or a wood shrub iron-enriched designer biochar (Fe-BC) and were compared to determine their ability to remediate PFAS or heavy metals. Two PFAS-contaminated soils with total organic carbon (TOC) contents of 1.6 and 34.2% were amended with six doses of BC and aBC. Two Pb- and Sb-contaminated shooting range soils (TOC 5.2 and 10.2%) were amended with four doses of BC and Fe-BC. An amendment of 20% BC reduced the PFOS leachate concentration by 86% for the low TOC soil but was not effective for the high TOC soil. An amendment of 1% aBC reduced PFOS leachate concentrations by over >96% for both soils. For the low TOC shooting range soil, a 20% amendment of BC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 61% and 12%, respectively. An amendment of 20% Fe-BC to soil with low TOC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 99% and 40%, respectively. The need for designer biochars using processes such as iron enrichment or activation should be considered depending on the TOC of the soil, the type of contaminants and remediation goals.
Science of The Total Environment 694:133693(2019)
Contaminated soils were amended with either waste timber biochar (BC), coconut shell activated biochar (aBC) or a wood shrub iron-enriched designer biochar (Fe-BC) and were compared to determine their ability to remediate PFAS or heavy metals. Two PFAS-contaminated soils with total organic carbon (TOC) contents of 1.6 and 34.2% were amended with six doses of BC and aBC. Two Pb- and Sb-contaminated shooting range soils (TOC 5.2 and 10.2%) were amended with four doses of BC and Fe-BC. An amendment of 20% BC reduced the PFOS leachate concentration by 86% for the low TOC soil but was not effective for the high TOC soil. An amendment of 1% aBC reduced PFOS leachate concentrations by over >96% for both soils. For the low TOC shooting range soil, a 20% amendment of BC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 61% and 12%, respectively. An amendment of 20% Fe-BC to soil with low TOC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 99% and 40%, respectively. The need for designer biochars using processes such as iron enrichment or activation should be considered depending on the TOC of the soil, the type of contaminants and remediation goals.
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