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SURFACTANT FLOODING MAKES A COMEBACK: RESULTS OF A FULL-SCALE, FIELD IMPLEMENTATION TO RECOVER MOBILIZED NAPL
Sharma, P., K. Kostarelosa, S. Lenschow, A. Christensen, and P.C. de Blanc.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology [Published online 14 January 2020 prior to print]
A micellar flood process was designed and implemented for full-scale remediation to mobilize and recover LNAPL from a surficial sandy aquifer at a tank facility in western Jutland, Denmark. Phase behavior and flow experiments were conducted on field samples to identify suitable surfactant formulations. A field-scale simulation model indicated that a line-drive pattern with hydraulic control wells was optimal for NAPL recovery. In addition to monitoring during the field implementation, monitoring was conducted immediately after and for a period of >1 year. The field implementation resulted in >90% recovery (~36,000 kg of LNAPL) based on a mass balance using laser-induced fluorescence and chemical soil analysis (total petroleum hydrocarbon [TPH] and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes [BTEX]) data. Post-surfactant flood site monitoring consisted of sampling water from multi-levels and from recovery wells. Groundwater samples were analyzed for TPH and BTEX. Pre-treatment and post-treatment mass discharge monitoring led to a relationship between mass discharge with the mass reduction in the source zone. The mass discharge Γ-model was successfully implemented for LNAPL remediation.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology [Published online 14 January 2020 prior to print]
A micellar flood process was designed and implemented for full-scale remediation to mobilize and recover LNAPL from a surficial sandy aquifer at a tank facility in western Jutland, Denmark. Phase behavior and flow experiments were conducted on field samples to identify suitable surfactant formulations. A field-scale simulation model indicated that a line-drive pattern with hydraulic control wells was optimal for NAPL recovery. In addition to monitoring during the field implementation, monitoring was conducted immediately after and for a period of >1 year. The field implementation resulted in >90% recovery (~36,000 kg of LNAPL) based on a mass balance using laser-induced fluorescence and chemical soil analysis (total petroleum hydrocarbon [TPH] and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes [BTEX]) data. Post-surfactant flood site monitoring consisted of sampling water from multi-levels and from recovery wells. Groundwater samples were analyzed for TPH and BTEX. Pre-treatment and post-treatment mass discharge monitoring led to a relationship between mass discharge with the mass reduction in the source zone. The mass discharge Γ-model was successfully implemented for LNAPL remediation.
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