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STABILIZATION OF PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFASS) WITH COLLOIDAL ACTIVATED CARBON (PLUMESTOP®) AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL CLAY AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT
Sorengard, M., D.B. Kleja, and L. Ahrens.
Journal of Environmental Management 249:109345(2019)
PlumeStop was systematically assessed for its ability to stabilize PFAS in soil in 10 soil mixtures with gradually increasing organic carbon and clay fractions. The mixtures were spiked with 18 different PFASs of varying perfluorocarbon chain lengths and four different functional groups and were aged for one year. Equilibrium leaching tests showed that colloidal activated carbon's (AC's) ability to increase PFAS sorption to soil depended on perfluorocarbon chain length. The best treatment efficiency was observed for chain lengths 6-7 where colloidal AC resulted in sorption of 81%, 85%, and 86% for PFOA, FTSA, and PFHxS, respectively. Sorption of individual PFASs decreased significantly with increasing organic carbon content in soil treated with colloidal AC indicating stearic hindrance of the AC pore structure. Sorption of the majority of PFASs increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing clay content in colloidal AC-treated soil, likely due to the increase in surface area that colloidal AC can sorb to. Results indicate that the colloidal AC product tested can be useful in remediation approaches for certain PFASs under specific field conditions and PFAS contamination.
Journal of Environmental Management 249:109345(2019)
PlumeStop was systematically assessed for its ability to stabilize PFAS in soil in 10 soil mixtures with gradually increasing organic carbon and clay fractions. The mixtures were spiked with 18 different PFASs of varying perfluorocarbon chain lengths and four different functional groups and were aged for one year. Equilibrium leaching tests showed that colloidal activated carbon's (AC's) ability to increase PFAS sorption to soil depended on perfluorocarbon chain length. The best treatment efficiency was observed for chain lengths 6-7 where colloidal AC resulted in sorption of 81%, 85%, and 86% for PFOA, FTSA, and PFHxS, respectively. Sorption of individual PFASs decreased significantly with increasing organic carbon content in soil treated with colloidal AC indicating stearic hindrance of the AC pore structure. Sorption of the majority of PFASs increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing clay content in colloidal AC-treated soil, likely due to the increase in surface area that colloidal AC can sorb to. Results indicate that the colloidal AC product tested can be useful in remediation approaches for certain PFASs under specific field conditions and PFAS contamination.
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