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REMEDIATING POTENTIALLY TOXIC METAL AND ORGANIC CO-CONTAMINATION OF SOIL BY COMBINING IN SITU SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION AND CHEMICAL OXIDATION: EFFICACY, MECHANISM, AND EVALUATION
Ma, Y. Z. Liu, Y. Xu, S. Zhou, Y. Wu, J. Wang, Z. Huang, and Y. Shi.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(11):2595(2018)
In situ solidification/stabilization (ISS) and in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) were combined to simultaneously remove aniline (1000 mg/kg) and Cd (10 mg/kg) from soil. All four ISS amendments, especially quick lime (CaO) and Portland cement, promoted ISCO with persulfate. ISS/ISCO removed aniline and reduced the bioavailable Cd content at initial persulfate and ISS amendment concentrations of 1.08 mol/kg and 30 wt% with a seven-day curing time and significantly reduced leaching. However, ISS/ISCO did not synergistically remediate Cd in co-contaminated soil. Strong alkalinity and high temperature caused by a chemical reaction between CaO and water were the main mechanisms driving rapid pollutant removal and immobilization. The relative contributions of heat vs. alkaline activation, as well as the contaminant removal efficiency, increased with ISS amendment CaO content. Combined treatment altered the soil physicochemical properties, and significantly increased Ca and S contents. Activated persulfate-related reactions did not negatively impact unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity. This paper is Open Access at https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2595/htm
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(11):2595(2018)
In situ solidification/stabilization (ISS) and in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) were combined to simultaneously remove aniline (1000 mg/kg) and Cd (10 mg/kg) from soil. All four ISS amendments, especially quick lime (CaO) and Portland cement, promoted ISCO with persulfate. ISS/ISCO removed aniline and reduced the bioavailable Cd content at initial persulfate and ISS amendment concentrations of 1.08 mol/kg and 30 wt% with a seven-day curing time and significantly reduced leaching. However, ISS/ISCO did not synergistically remediate Cd in co-contaminated soil. Strong alkalinity and high temperature caused by a chemical reaction between CaO and water were the main mechanisms driving rapid pollutant removal and immobilization. The relative contributions of heat vs. alkaline activation, as well as the contaminant removal efficiency, increased with ISS amendment CaO content. Combined treatment altered the soil physicochemical properties, and significantly increased Ca and S contents. Activated persulfate-related reactions did not negatively impact unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity. This paper is Open Access at https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2595/htm
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