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SOIL FLUSHING PILOT TEST IN A LANDFILL POLLUTED WITH LIQUID ORGANIC
WASTES FROM LINDANE PRODUCTION
Santos, A., C.M. Dominguez, D. Lorenzo, R. Garcia-Cervilla, M.A. Lominchar, et al.
Heliyon 5(11):e02875(2019)
An aqueous solution containing non-ionic biodegradable surfactant (E-Mulse 3®) was injected in an alluvial layer to evaluate DNAPL at a landfill in Spain. About 5.28 m3 of an aqueous surfactant emulsion (13 g/L) was injected at a flow rate of 0.6 m3/h, and the groundwater was monitored within a 3.5 m radius test cell. The flow of the injected fluids in the subsurface was also evaluated using bromide added to the surfactant solution. Contaminant concentration, chloride, bromide and surfactant, surface tension, and conductivity were measured at the injection point and three monitoring points over time. High radial dispersion resulted in high dilution of the injected fluids. Surfactant adsorption took place between injection and the groundwater extraction. The concentration of chlorinated compounds dissolved from the soil in the surfactant aqueous phase when equilibrium was reached (about 850 mg/L) was related to the moderate average contamination of the soil in the test cell (about 1230 mg/kg). In contrast, the extraction of the free DNAPL in the altered marls layer was highly enhanced due to the addition of the surfactant. The surfactant and the contamination did not migrate from the capture zone. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872847/pdf/main.pdf
Heliyon 5(11):e02875(2019)
An aqueous solution containing non-ionic biodegradable surfactant (E-Mulse 3®) was injected in an alluvial layer to evaluate DNAPL at a landfill in Spain. About 5.28 m3 of an aqueous surfactant emulsion (13 g/L) was injected at a flow rate of 0.6 m3/h, and the groundwater was monitored within a 3.5 m radius test cell. The flow of the injected fluids in the subsurface was also evaluated using bromide added to the surfactant solution. Contaminant concentration, chloride, bromide and surfactant, surface tension, and conductivity were measured at the injection point and three monitoring points over time. High radial dispersion resulted in high dilution of the injected fluids. Surfactant adsorption took place between injection and the groundwater extraction. The concentration of chlorinated compounds dissolved from the soil in the surfactant aqueous phase when equilibrium was reached (about 850 mg/L) was related to the moderate average contamination of the soil in the test cell (about 1230 mg/kg). In contrast, the extraction of the free DNAPL in the altered marls layer was highly enhanced due to the addition of the surfactant. The surfactant and the contamination did not migrate from the capture zone. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872847/pdf/main.pdf
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