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SIX PILOT-SCALE STUDIES EVALUATING THE IN SITU TREATMENT OF PFAS IN GROUNDWATER
McGregor, R. | Remediation 30(3):39-50(2020)
Results are presented for six 18-month field studies conducted in a contaminated unconfined sand aquifer to determine if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), powdered activated carbon (PAC), colloidal activated carbon (CAC), an ion?exchange resin (IER), or biochar attenuate dissolved-phase PFAS in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons. Reagents were injected using direct push technology in six permeable reactive zone (PRZ) configurations. Groundwater concentrations entering the PRZs were ≤24,000 µg/L PFPeA, ≤6,200 µg/L PFBA, ≤16,100 µg/L PFHxA, ≤6,080 µg/L PFHpA, ≤450 µg/L PFOA, and ≤140 µg/L PFNA.
Results are presented for six 18-month field studies conducted in a contaminated unconfined sand aquifer to determine if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), powdered activated carbon (PAC), colloidal activated carbon (CAC), an ion?exchange resin (IER), or biochar attenuate dissolved-phase PFAS in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons. Reagents were injected using direct push technology in six permeable reactive zone (PRZ) configurations. Groundwater concentrations entering the PRZs were ≤24,000 µg/L PFPeA, ≤6,200 µg/L PFBA, ≤16,100 µg/L PFHxA, ≤6,080 µg/L PFHpA, ≤450 µg/L PFOA, and ≤140 µg/L PFNA.
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