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Remedy components are typically considered to be a remedy's engineered and constructed equipment and processes such as groundwater, non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and vapor extraction wells, groundwater and air injection wells, individual water and air treatment system technologies, reagent injection equipment and electrical control systems. Remedy components also include engineering controls (EC) and institutional controls (IC), each of which can play important roles in ensuring remedy effectiveness. In addition to evaluating the a remedy's overall performance and efficiency, optimization reviews analyze the performance, applicability, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of each major remedy component. Reviews commonly include the performing an environmental footprint analysis of remedy components as a green remediation best management practice.

Selected Resources

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	Title	Document Number	Type	Date
	CLU-IN Website - Green Remediation Focus: Profiles & Case Studies of Green Remediation	N/A	Case Studies	2013
	Cost and Performance Report for LNAPL Characterization and Remediation: Multi-Phase Extraction and Dual-Pump Recovery of LNAPL at the BP Former Amoco Refinery, Sugar Creek, MO	EPA 542-R-05-016	Case Studies	2005
	Cost and Performance Summary Report, In Situ Biosolids and Lime Addition at the California Gulch Superfund Site, OU 11, Leadville, Colorado	N/A	Case Studies	2005
	Evaluation of Subsurface Engineered Barriers at Waste Sites	EPA 542-R-98-005	Case Studies	1998
	Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers	N/A	Case Studies	2002
	A Cost Comparison Framework for Use in Optimizing Ground Water Pump and Treat Systems	EPA 542-R-07-005	Factsheet	2007
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Bioremediation	EPA 542-F-10-006	Factsheet	2010
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Clean Fuel & Emission Technologies for Site Cleanup	EPA 542-F-10-008	Factsheet	2010
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Site Investigation	EPA 542-F-09-004	Factsheet	2009
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Sites with Leaking Underground Storage Tank Systems	EPA 542-F-11-008	Factsheet	2011
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Soil Vapor Extraction & Air Sparging	EPA 542-F-10-007	Factsheet	2010
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Integrating Renewable Energy into Site Cleanup	EPA 542-F-11-006	Factsheet	2011
	Green Remediation Best Management Practices: Pump and Treat Technologies	EPA 542-F-09-005	Factsheet	2009
	Green Remediation: Best Management Practices for Excavation and Surface Restoration	EPA 542-F-08-012	Factsheet	2008
	Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites	EPA 542-R-08-002	Factsheet	2008
	Incorporating Sustainable Practices into Site Remediation	EPA 542-F-08-002	Factsheet	2008
	Assessment of Environmental Liability Insurance Options for Cleanup Activities	N/A	General Publication	1999
	Incorporating Greener Cleanups into Remedy Reviews	N/A	General Publication	2009
	Recover Your Resources: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Construction and Demolition Materials at Land Revitalization Projects	EPA 560-F-09-523	General Publication	2009
	Vapor Intrusion Mitigated Through Solar-Powered Exhaust Systems	N/A	General Publication	2009
	Design Guidelines for Conventional Pump and Treat Systems	EPA 540-S-97-504	Guidance	1997
	Optimizing Remediation Technologies	N/A	Guidance	2022
	Options for Discharging Treated Water from Pump and Treat Systems	EPA 542-R-07-006	Guidance	2007
	Protocol for In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Using Edible Oil	N/A	Guidance	2007
	Superfund Website - Post Construction Completion	N/A	Guidance	2013
	Brownfields Road Map Website - Treatment Technologies	N/A	Online Resources
	CLU-IN Website - Green Remediation Focus: Footprint Assessment	N/A	Online Resources	2013
	CLU-IN Website - Technologies - Remediation	N/A	Online Resources
	NAVFAC Website - Green and Sustainable Remediation	N/A	Online Resources
	OSWER Website - Principles for Greener Cleanups	N/A	Online Resources	2012
	Superfund Website - Remediation Technologies – Tools and Resources to Assist in Contaminated Site Remediation	N/A	Online Resources
	Superfund Website - Superfund & Green Remediation	N/A	Online Resources	2014
	A Regulatory Overview of Plasma Technology	ITRC PT-1	Technical Publication	1996
	Analysis of Selected Enhancements for Soil Vapor Extraction	EPA 542-R-97-007	Technical Publication	1997
	Bioremediation of Acid Mine Drainage Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria	N/A	Technical Publication	2006
	Bioremediation of Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury	N/A	Technical Publication	2004
	Development of Performance Specifications for Solidification/Stabilization	ITRC SS-1	Technical Publication	2011
	Emerging Technologies for Enhanced In Situ Biodenitrification (EISBD) of Nitrate-Contaminated Ground Water	ITRC EISBD-1	Technical Publication	2000
	Emerging Technologies for the In Situ Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Soils and Sediments: Bioremediation and Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron	N/A	Technical Publication	2004
	Engineering Issue - Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Mitigation Approaches	EPA 600-R-08-115	Technical Publication	2008
	Evaluating LNAPL Remedial Technologies for Achieving Project Goals	ITRC LNAPL-2	Technical Publication	2009
	Evaluation of Phytoremediation for Management of Chlorinated Solvents in Soil and Groundwater	EPA 542-R-05-001	Technical Publication	2005
	In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethene: DNAPL Source Zones	ITRC BIODNAPL-3	Technical Publication	2008
	In Situ Bioremediation of DNAPL Source Zones	N/A	Technical Publication	2005
	In Situ Thermal Treatment of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications	EPA 542-R-04-010	Technical Publication	2004
	In Situ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil: Engineering Forum Issue Paper	EPA 542-F-06-013	Technical Publication	2006
	Introduction to Phytoremediation	EPA 600-R-99-107	Technical Publication	2000
	Off-Gas Treatment Technologies for Soil Vapor Extraction Systems: State of the Practice	EPA 542-R-05-028	Technical Publication	2006
	Permeable Reactive Barrier: Technology Update	ITRC PRB-5	Technical Publication	2011
	Phytoremediation Field Studies Database for Chlorinated Solvents, Pesticides, Explosives, and Metals	N/A	Technical Publication	2004
	Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons	N/A	Technical Publication	2006
	Phytotechnology Technical and Regulatory Guidance and Decision Trees, Revised	ITRC PHYTO-3	Technical Publication	2009
	Regulatory Guidance for Permeable Reactive Barriers Designed to Remediate Chlorinated Solvents	ITRC PBW-1	Technical Publication	1999
	Solar Power Installations on Closed Landfills: Technical and Regulatory Considerations	N/A	Technical Publication	2009
	Status Report on Innovative In Situ Remediation Technologies Available to Treat Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater	N/A	Technical Publication	2006
	Survey of Technologies for Monitoring Containment Liners and Covers	EPA 542-R-04-013	Technical Publication	2004
	Technical Guidelines for On-Site Thermal Desorption of Solid Media and Low Level Mixed Waste Contaminated with Mercury and/or Hazardous Chlorinated Organics	ITRC TD-3	Technical Publication	1998
	Technical Requirements for On-Site Thermal Desorption of Solid Media Contaminated with Hazardous Chlorinated Organics	ITRC TD-2	Technical Publication	1997
	Technical Requirements for On-Site Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Non-Hazardous Soils Contaminated with Petroleum / Coal Tar / Gas Plant Wastes	ITRC TD-1	Technical Publication	1996
	Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Second Edition	ITRC ISCO-2	Technical Publication	2005
	Technical and Regulatory Guidance for Surfactant/Cosolvent Flushing of DNAPL Source Zones	ITRC DNAPLs-3	Technical Publication	2003
	Technology Overview of Passive Sampler Technologies	ITRC DSP-4	Technical Publication	2006
	Technology Performance Review: Selecting and Using Solidification/Stabilization Treatment for Site Remediation	EPA 600-R-09-148	Technical Publication	2009
	The Use and Effectiveness of Phytoremediation to Treat Persistent Organic Pollutants	N/A	Technical Publication	2005
	The Use of Soil Amendments for Remediation, Revitalization, and Reuse	EPA 542-R-07-013	Technical Publication	2007
	Use of Field-Scale Phytotechnology for Chlorinated Solvents Metals Explosives and Propellants and Pesticides: Status Report	EPA 542-R-05-002	Technical Publication	2005
	Using Biosolids for Reclamation/Remediation of Disturbed Soils	N/A	Technical Publication
	FRTR Website - Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0	N/A	Tool

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